a e-~etre Queue : A PTYosity queve tt a Collection Moctole 5: ¥ | ELE rctent Benny Search Trees. | Optterat letnomy Search trees | Se & He Same a lofoany, & earch tree } —> we vse dhem tv Abore ¢, we can i dota aster Zz Bote Which tte Cota. Search fo, fe olepenols complerety on the orecler &% & exe to 20, So alk Bored on | iQ C2 | Nes > Gd D Ye. Ss 3 ComPpomnitton +243 14243 i 3 3 3 “3 3 6 = ae yo oa. Bac —. each follow. Bloor tree voles 7 PS wove bored 00 te. P]P Order dtu tree om Stwelvre chang e1 hence only one lefoory bree tk optional, [lee wit, teetn frequency. Cor) Proboloflecy, we fad optimal Broory Tree )aa To f&ad opal bfowrg Search tree € ee a ovroy leey Lo, , O-1] ws ot Search Ieee & OM onroy Frequency, fo ___. n-1) et Frequency counts . ? Goal th be conte a ofncrry Search tree of ak lee Bock Het: te fotel cost oh all tte Seancl,, on Amel oy Porsfole | Gig Ge cee eee ice ae formula . Ce, 7) eg Pele en 4 cCk, )) Fwy) wee ty . ue 5 DPQ) 4G x Ce, f) 2 le : > 10 15 20 OF oe Oe co. 1921 Q5,O5) 2 (do, TE, tok, woleu) PCy2,3,4) CLC 1) a ee bud) On Nth oo? We need bo btn Ef 7, Lrittol conelfetoos + wt jt). 4, e(ht)eo vi, soS 4 Vey3 21 Caz [C, 3 5,2 eau 3 Peu2 Wye a, =3. W572 % =! 57 %2l 4.2%, CCt,1)=0 c(2,2)20 +Co,1)20 (2,2)=0 c(3, 320 i ¥(3, 3)20 CCu,u)= Coed e : 0 +70) pscogoteg ae) © ¢(o,1) = mia eee eae >} Hoy, os kel O+0 = min(o)p 8 = OFF=E_ 21 wll D+ PLD+ 4 C2) 2, wli,r)= 2 Brattle Ft ©C1,2) 2 mtn joe ty) +wlr2). laegr o +o ate e minfoh+ pe OFF SLgous 4 au? Cou 20 rua 0 1 Hy 3) 152% 21) 1042421 | eged, be CO) Fo e(2,2)=0 lefz,a)e0 | =! 20 ¥(2,2)=0 |x(3, 3)Z0 |CCawe Tla,u)e pater cP a wlire wlth D+ PA+ YC) : 2 BS+3+t le F- CC1,2) © min eC) + cl2,2) +0lr,2) lever ‘ werd. (Ow Bt. nn es ominfo}4 pie Otter. ?wCa3)> 02,2) + pl3+ als)? WO Po tel+p 230 CC21s)e wen feted cls ef 4 wcas), 2ewees kes Oo +0. = el (tO) tat Scene ae Coated oe ¥(r,3) <= s Waa = W208, 3 )+ P(3)+4 (a) a) }+igte 3 . . . , cla,u) 2 méeo ete et ecu 44) Boke y TSF leu), keg of tO) aoe Nig. wloCo +o) 43 = 3, v (C3,u)'s Westy w(o,2)2 wlo1)t 0 (2) +4 (2) a —hLULrmrr—— € (o,2) 2 neo c (0,0 )+cCt,2) oe fi + Wwilo, ey © C0, 1)+e(2, 2) 2), leer = win § Oe eile ie +o = venga, gh +ir Se Hie 2 1g (0,2) 2 ki 21) \Ceoltch ou Producing win valve) = we hove + contder) .wt, 2) + P38) +463) 91,3) = zs oeer ered C2, 3) 3) - men e(1,1)+el2, 3), eC) ees tecn aa ctce.s) 028) ere ees o+38 ele + c men § aan 4 Crs) 2 FF4 ale ‘TL 3S)s Ws 2 w C2,u) z 0l2.3)+ Plu) + lu) oo Ae Ite F 5 W e(s,4) = nin 5 ee a2aecy p ke 23 C2, 3)+ 6 (u,u) te) ery =. win, $ ote ds. 3S +0 el2,u 2 g4+528 _rbaa)s 8 Ba ce 2 wo, 2) + PHY ww, ae telly elo, 3)2 wen €Co,0)+cll,3) kes € Ao elo,1)+eC2,3), + 9C0,g) fed -Co,2) + cls, 3) ’ cs 2 nein Orie e+ 31 +.0(o,5) 1940 eCo,3) 2 1 tia 2 oswli,uy= wll, 3) + Pla) +4CwW, a A+ +l. = Oo eClha) 2 neta ci rely) 121s 4 e (2) +03, 4), + 09CI4) eo ee 2 (1,8) +l, a) Ie=y = o+8, win) F+S, b # I W+o cChu) = e+ = 14 (uu) = wen w(e,4) = wo, 3) +PCW+ VCu) z lw ttl = le Ode Sy © Cont)+ © (2,4) ce (ou) = Be [EGR 39. ee) S Co, D+ e(s,4) + wlo,u) eee © (as)+e ete ) Ce, e) ey = uta o+14, tre, + le 19 +3, aQT+0 cCou) 2 16 +16 = 62 wCou)s een 7 elk ct, stron 7 ae: Te on rt, k-l) weK, j) ralve)wlo,u)ca v(t, pds le 4 > a a. JD a(ole r(rz,u) 23 w(t, le) “ / NS ; / ean yA x(o,0) T0.1) 72,2) 20. ‘FO £0 (3, 3) vv (u,u) 20 =O. (@) (2) ) (oy Ge) Cent) Cote Ce) Voted obst (clovble Pp, dovble xq, ent 9) t et tf, K,m3 for (t205 tony ter) § pwtaretolize */ 1% Q+ noole trees |] wltili). qcr1 5 vf (iJ=cldti=05 Ie | - noke trees ¥/ - witi+u = 4022 +4 Ciei + Peri); ve] Cu) = t+; eft} ce+] = werle+) Cl Cota = 400) 5 TL Co) = CCo}pn) 20: /& Ptod optional trees wlth 1 >1 node x] for(me2$ mZ=en3 ma4+) tor(tzo 3 t4=n-ms t++), feet raay wt Gl = weleily-i) + eg) +407) 5 les kenvehmen Cz, 7) ; Pe lenvdhMin reborn o Veluwe k to the wan. Crcrieg-i], vt +i)ty) ) Mtntmiatag cltlle-+ ele ly) x / 2H, eee ga Cg + etc. fe 5 beeqy @ /Leftiak Trees ¢ ( Binory Tree complere 8 -T eatencltel 9. » A oS ARS = Lefltat bree z(extenaton. of entenceal - ey, Bzkernal nocle , Letttat- breen owe ole ftheol Using. cee concept of a, extended lotnory bree . An erttevroled ta ee tw lotnony eee fa which aU empdy lfnary Svbbree, Dee been reptaceel ley a &quore node. : Thee ove wo byper of LePtyetr trees le thetgt Blered CHeLr) 2 wetgtu- Bfarel Cu@rr) - HBLTS were ftaventecl Peon & are qenerelly Vebemed (to Bémply on LefEPAE bree >. Let % be a nok fo an extencled tofn bree, Let UPECKEIL Ce) Br AyOeChtlel(n), Tepectivels cheiote. (dea LE & igh: Chifldlren of Ae fotwrnal “nocte m . | ebtne Shorter (x) bo be tte tengte ot a Atorven- a hon a Hw entrevnot noole, Lr 7x easy to tee . o afmorten (x) Satidtees dt tollowtag. weeurrence ; ° te t& on egulrernal nocke Strovt-eut= Cm) = FL nte § strowtreut- (ous lett cusideny) Abuse Cortylat-Clatloteey) } e ek. Debinitfon 2 A Likttee bree th a loen tree: avels te tke te noe eH pte | then Aborted: ( leeCLttdind) 2 Abrertet Catal Chile) for every fatemoal vuole a,‘6 ! 4 (a) ae Fey t Encternolecl vénory Ereex © Laptate tree, b) & oO Lebetatm bree. Ch) + Ca) & nol a Cc declorrodton ¢ Ca typedee Stet £ gar keep 5 [re other Peel or / i, clement 5 teypeolt Btrvel Lehletale x leblial- Tree 5 sive 1 leeeestTree Ut OL 2 lof - elemeat olata ¢ ? lettrsr Tree rigttChflol » fal- Showtect ¢ f Lbt tak » + Detintton of &@ Min( Max) Lbtise Trees > A wialefbiat bree te ce LEE Gree 2 Wht He le Value tn tack node te Amaller dhawn dt ey ve tH alaledren Cit any). > A mox Lebar tree tH hebbtat Even fo OLE. dha te valve ta tool wool fe Cpreatrer thom da ley valve ta th cl&ldwen (it auy). > PB wa lrmox) leeHal bree % 0 LEME bree ji a wtolman) free tot cmhanple ob win lethale tree ; & oleemompler of nen Leftts trees, ZThe operation. on dtu vén( mon) Leet breer are tert , olelete @ melol Ccombotar). 7 The fasert = & Olelete min opetatfon: Con loot toe d fou. vetog- dtu comlefne opereton. 3] fare ay element K falw a nen Atel hy we Firat Create a wen Lettial- tree dtot- conbotns dt Atnole element 2%. Then we Comistng dtr (wo “etn Letitat trees, | + Jo. clulutre dtu min element trom oa. Monempty natn bttiae bree, we Comiotine dtu mén leftial tree, aol > LereClttd & amok -y RigkkClitld anol little tu node aos 7 To meld Ceomlefne) roo wen~ lethal treey 1. Chooze MEntem ave of the two reer 6 2. rove tte Lite Sobbree of Amolley ovek Cropaoce A) Uuchoungeol Gi Condotne tee orglt- Sobtres of -A come 2 Bore to Atepl, vnkel no memeataing Yertrces , ‘ B. compare | Alrortrene(n). & Gwe bo mate, tie Aatny die definition of Leetal- (reex , netfew Mroree lO ale 40 We ureel 9 Takerthonge dhe woo Pre melding tte min leerrat Erees,ara, lebeefree xb), vote wetameta (Lee iseTree Lebliat (reek XO & ¥b. A \ ty e ate two win [x mete nek e et en Leh Al The crexotttog mie MARE Ny bree HO, & lo te Ae -. ele te Cattle) ménUnfon (a, ); Xb =o MULL 5 meleltng two men- left trees, letirslTree +b) Votcl miaUnfon ( bettistTree a, L le vrecuratvely Comletne (oe NePemPtY refa leelera le trees ¥] ; LefttakTree Lemp 5 J see oO EO oe Che bre tt (fra) Fotaka-leey > Cb) palabra. leey ) gine (aa, bb, Lemp)s Je creeds wioary tree Such Hat cen Ammeltent- lee tn each Avberee tA to dea crook et] , te C$ Cee) ys ateylChild) (#o.) + rfgieeleld = xb ; ake mrenunton ( & CHO) > rigttcrtlal , b) ’ 7% lebtise bree Property % | teCb C#O) > leftCLé Lol) t (xo) Letirclsldl)ae = Ca) bright Cltlel ; txo) 7 efolrte Uk lal = NULLS ase, 12 CCA) & lePECi Plo > Shoreeat 2 ba) erterChe lol > atrortert- >) 2 wlth Amaller apok #/ gine (Ca) > lebe Cleld, Ceo) > of ghlCtelel , Lemp) : 3 (0) > Shores = Ch C¥ad > reght-Cleld) 97 . ; e Ca) Fe reght-Chélel + sbhertext- a1. 3 | 2 e Meloling Ewo NOMEMPtY men-lettial Creespetg hl - Btoreg getuttion: A Ae, Pre, hy Tiree, « ‘ofnomy ree wa wetgtu- lree Loarr ete Valve of 4 ee vw value lePeeat “bared lek nye wer faternal nook tee yy qreaker dean or eqeal to o& tte reghl chld . 7 moxtruitn) WeLT & aA mMaKlnen) bee Leet Chel % death fe alo a WELT, A , hat at & oO wWRLT ror a wBLT -S worn) be tte welgit- of a neck 1% ° Ph we Cu trtternal node . wen) = I+ Sor of tHe olkertotae . weight of dtu CheldrenPstovit Queve : 4 proses ot elements Auch tHhol- ee ele Sieur poy meat hot an MP CEL eis] +} eGR ees F Ey Linked List reprerenttag Prvovtty Queve. Prtortty queque ex prerect Uning onray queve is a Collect groat Frat Rear \ 2 3 & 6 6 ls zs ' A ale] 246 a 3|o 3 a. ate oe o|A [eg 6 G 4 ~ Porforitey Number . Le ea et 2D array | Two voametter of Povioc tty qvever. 1. Sing enoled Raton’ key Quever 2, clovtole - euckest PIfeKy aueve . Further Categorized Ot min omel max petortty queves, The operation: Sbpportect by a a esa Geeue a. SPI 2 Return aon element vot mfatmoem Perfor. gpa, Toure an element wet an arbttramy pater? 9p3 4 Delere om element wit méntmom Potorfig | The operations Supported! by O mag Potontig 4 veve Av : Ce a qeve except ‘tet ta SPI anol SpE se ae mintmum boy Morimom .> w ° e Constctor beveral enctensfons ob a Afogle encdecl Prfookl pee. The Feral enbensron, \ vaca) per £ a iia € Stogte en ont ee uk oe f + , ort APP) toms tor dtu meld Operakton edt crete beqetirer bao petocity 4 (. whoa dtt Beer “or oe prfortiy qveve aholy clown. At ct ime, te fA necemony bo meld tts prfortiy queve whl tee of a Pvocttontag Server, <0 daa Aretoren FOF metolalole patortty queves — leeerae reer & binowfal beeps . A oviolt cendsl patoriky queve (DEP) ta a dlata Seppork tee Following. ep fey pice | ee collection ot elements - wel, Rekurn om element ott ménimom prfontty . wit Mantmum — Prfortty. vote an anbeitcrey Paforfty, per+ eee om elemeat ert com clement pea: ou element wit minimum peforttep eeu Dele OM DPS: welee am element cet etenom — perfor ty A DEPR May be oe Prphemeat- O oetwerle loot Fer . yea woot He trols pacteets eal ore states “even. ke oe Aeale ovle ever & Nektar wel iraq inte 4, eae Hee netrworte pacleel Wor on anoctated promty , Leola Wecomts Ovotlatte, o wee tects wre Hea, Wega Peton'ley ie frame tteol , pacte tote commerponsk boom DeleleMox operction , rohan & pocicel- oriven Ode du buffy trom elkeentere, fa Hee aecoerle , Pe Ce aclclicol fe Hie bother, hie comer pon wo ocue Wowever, 86 Hac lovotter %& Poll, we muck vopi e pacteet- wilh win Pio before We Cer fatert ove tte) aclieved vetvg & Deletermfa operchow - Drtert opercton,