Transradial Prosthetics

Engineering Design Log

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Identify the Problem
Who - People who lost their arm below the elbow - Michael What - A prosthetic that restores basic hand function while still being affordable. - Michael Where: People should use this prosthetic
during rock climbing or tasks that involving using the hand a lot that requires grip and mobility. -Rayna When: People would want to wear the prosthetic when they have lost the portion of their
arm that is below the elbow. - Michael Why: If the user wants a prosthetic that has good grip, durability, and simple mechanics. The prosthetic should also be used if they have a job that falls
within the category or something close to a rockclimber.-Ojas Saxena How - The prosthetic would allow for the fingers to clamp down on objects at the same time. It would have high grip and
also be very lightweight because of the materials used.-Ojas Saxena

Problem Understanding
1. Oct 31, 2024 Strong, We want High Tensile Strength-Michael Brainstorming

2. Nov 1, 2024 Durable, we want a strong product that won't be compromised by scratches or dents. -Ojas Brainstorming

3. Nov 1, 2024 Quick moving joints, meaning that movements will be fast. -Ojas Brainstorming

4. Nov 4, 2024 The prosthetic shouldn't rust to make sure that friction doesn't occur. -Rayna Brainstorming

5. Nov 4, 2024 The grip on the prosthetic should be strong to make sure that the climber doesn't slip off the surface that he is holding. -Michael Brainstorming

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Ideate
Concept This prosthetic design has three fingers to help with rock climbing. These three fingers have pipecleaners that are supposed to represent ligaments. These "ligaments" are all
A connected together so that when they are pulled, the fingers all clench at once. This will help rock climbers clench the mountains when they climb. The prosthetic also utilizes
"Image 1" a catch and release mechanism to act as a socket and strap onto the person's arm.

Concept
This prosthetic design concept is to aid individuals who have no limbs below the elbow. This mechanism would be made of carbon fiber, and it would use strings or rubber to
B
mimic tendon function. It has only 3 fingers, since more fingers would add to complexity to repair while not greatly improving function. There are also rubber tips that would
"Michael's
help the person grip onto the rock wall. The prosthetic uses a screw on mechanism to connect to the stump.
Design"

This prototype drawing represents a potential prototype that could be built. As you might notice, the prototype in this drawing has three fingers. This is not a mistake. Three
Concept
fingers would mean that there are less moving parts and that means that the chances of failure are very low. The finalized prototype is supposed to be built mainly of carbon
C
fiber and is supposed to have rubber fingertips. The finger tips are supposed to be made of rubber because it is good for grip. However, when rubber is placed in a wet
"Ojas's
environment, it would tend to lose its grip. This is why it would be beneficial to coat it in a grip enhancing material that would still perform in wet environments. The prosthetic
design"
appears to be blocky because that would better help it retain grip on rocks/crevices as it is made for rock climbers. The socket is a catch and release mechanism.

Concept This prosthetic concept is designed to aid individuals without limbs below the elbow, focusing on rock climbing functionality. It features a thermoplastic socket (8 cm in
D length, 10 cm in diameter) with a catch-and-release mechanism for easy attachment. The forearm section, made from carbon fiber (20 cm long, 5 cm diameter), ensures
"Rayna's strength and flexibility. The design includes three fingers with rubber tips, which provide a solid grip on rock surfaces, and have a grip-enhancing material for wet conditions.
Design" The structure improves stability and lowers the chances of failure. Thus, making the prosthetic reliable and durable for climbers.

Concept This is the picture of the prototype that we built. As you might notice, the prototype has two fingers. Two fingers would mean that there are less moving parts and that means
final that the chances of failure are very low. This prototype is 3d printed with TPU filament and has hot glue on the finger tips for better grip. The prosthetic appears to be blocky
"final because that would better help it retain grip on rocks/crevices as it is made for rock climbers. The socket is directly attached to the hand and has the "controlling strings"
product" flowing through it so that the user can control the limb via the use of the strings that connect to the ligaments that control hand functions.

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Evaluate
CONCEPT A CONCEPT B CONCEPT C
REQUIREMENTS
"IMAGE 1" "MICHAEL'S DESIGN" "OJAS'S DESIGN"

This prosthetic design has three fingers This prosthetic design concept is to aid
This prototype drawing represents a potential prototype that could be built. As
to help with rock climbing. These three individuals who have no limbs below the
you might notice, the prototype in this drawing has three fingers. This is not a
fingers have pipecleaners that are elbow. This mechanism would be made of
mistake. Three fingers would mean that there are less moving parts and that
supposed to represent ligaments. These carbon fiber, and it would use strings or
means that the chances of failure are very low. The finalized prototype is
"ligaments" are all connected together rubber to mimic tendon function. It has
supposed to be built mainly of carbon fiber and is supposed to have rubber
so that when they are pulled, the fingers only 3 fingers, since more fingers would
fingertips. The finger tips are supposed to be made of rubber because it is good
all clench at once. This will help rock add to complexity to repair while not
for grip. However, when rubber is placed in a wet environment, it would tend to
climbers clench the mountains when greatly improving function. There are also
lose its grip. This is why it would be beneficial to coat it in a grip enhancing
they climb. The prosthetic also utilizes a rubber tips that would help the person grip
material that would still perform in wet environments. The prosthetic appears to
catch and release mechanism to act as onto the rock wall. The prosthetic uses a
be blocky because that would better help it retain grip on rocks/crevices as it is
a socket and strap onto the person's screw on mechanism to connect to the
made for rock climbers. The socket is a catch and release mechanism.
arm. stump.

Strong, We
want High
1. Tensile Unikely Likely Likely
Strength-
Michael

Durable, we
want a strong
product that
won't be
2. Unikely Likely Likely
compromised
by scratches
or dents. -
Ojas

Quick moving
joints,
meaning that
3. Likely Unikely Likely
movements
will be fast. -
Ojas

The
prosthetic
shouldn't rust
4. to make sure Likely Unikely Likely
that friction
doesn't
occur. -Rayna

The grip on
the prosthetic
should be
strong to
make sure
that the
5. Likely Likely Likely
climber
doesn't slip
off the
surface that
he is holding.
-Michael

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Evaluate (cont.)
CONCEPT D CONCEPT FINAL
REQUIREMENTS
"RAYNA'S DESIGN" "FINAL PRODUCT"

This prosthetic concept is designed to aid individuals without limbs below the This is the picture of the prototype that we built. As you might notice, the prototype
elbow, focusing on rock climbing functionality. It features a thermoplastic socket has two fingers. Two fingers would mean that there are less moving parts and that
(8 cm in length, 10 cm in diameter) with a catch-and-release mechanism for easy means that the chances of failure are very low. This prototype is 3d printed with TPU
attachment. The forearm section, made from carbon fiber (20 cm long, 5 cm filament and has hot glue on the finger tips for better grip. The prosthetic appears to
diameter), ensures strength and flexibility. The design includes three fingers with be blocky because that would better help it retain grip on rocks/crevices as it is
rubber tips, which provide a solid grip on rock surfaces, and have a grip-enhancing made for rock climbers. The socket is directly attached to the hand and has the
material for wet conditions. The structure improves stability and lowers the "controlling strings" flowing through it so that the user can control the limb via the
chances of failure. Thus, making the prosthetic reliable and durable for climbers. use of the strings that connect to the ligaments that control hand functions.

Strong, We
want High
1. Tensile Likely Likely
Strength-
Michael

Durable, we
want a strong
product that
won't be
2. Likely Likely
compromised
by scratches
or dents. -
Ojas

Quick moving
joints,
meaning that
3. Likely Likely
movements
will be fast. -
Ojas

The prosthetic
shouldn't rust
to make sure
4. Likely Likely
that friction
doesn't occur.
-Rayna

The grip on
the prosthetic
should be
strong to
make sure
that the
5. Likely Likely
climber
doesn't slip
off the
surface that
he is holding. -
Michael

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Testing Results
Prototype Low fidelity prototype
Concept A
"Image 1"
Nov 8, 2024

REQUIREMENT TEST NAME RESULT

1. Strong, We want High Tensile Strength-Michael Strength test-Ojas 0/1

2. Durable, we want a strong product that won't be compromised by scratches or dents. -Ojas Strength test-Ojas 0/1

3. Quick moving joints, meaning that movements will be fast. -Ojas Shirt buttoning test-Ojas 0/1

4. The prosthetic shouldn't rust to make sure that friction doesn't occur. -Rayna Rust test -Michael 1/1

5. The grip on the prosthetic should be strong to make sure that the climber doesn't slip off the surface that he is holding. -Michael Cart test-Rayna 0/1

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Testing Results
Prototype drawing of the prototype (picture won't load)
Concept C
"Ojas's design"

REQUIREMENT TEST NAME RESULT

1. Strong, We want High Tensile Strength-Michael

2. Durable, we want a strong product that won't be compromised by scratches or dents. -Ojas

3. Quick moving joints, meaning that movements will be fast. -Ojas

4. The prosthetic shouldn't rust to make sure that friction doesn't occur. -Rayna

5. The grip on the prosthetic should be strong to make sure that the climber doesn't slip off the surface that he is holding. -Michael

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Testing Results
Prototype Final Prototype
Concept final
"final product"
Nov 8, 2024

REQUIREMENT TEST NAME RESULT

1. Strong, We want High Tensile Strength-Michael Strength test-Ojas 1/1

2. Durable, we want a strong product that won't be compromised by scratches or dents. -Ojas Strength test-Ojas 1/1

3. Quick moving joints, meaning that movements will be fast. -Ojas Shirt buttoning test-Ojas 1/1

4. The prosthetic shouldn't rust to make sure that friction doesn't occur. -Rayna Rust test -Michael 1/1

5. The grip on the prosthetic should be strong to make sure that the climber doesn't slip off the surface that he is holding. -Michael Cart test-Rayna 1/1

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Strength test-Ojas
Prototype Final Prototype
Concept final
"final product"
Nov 8, 2024

REQUIREMENT TEST NAME RESULT

Strong, We want High Tensile Strength-Michael Strength test-Ojas 1/1

Type: Boolean
Steps
TRIALS RESULTS
1. First, find a weight (we used 10lbs)
1 Pass
2. Next, place it onto the palm of the prototype and see how long the prototype can hold
before you can hear cracking sounds.
3. record the time

The prosthetic held on for a long time. We took the weight off because we didn't hear any cracking. One thing I found impressive is that the prosthetic held strong even when the weight was
applied to its joints that originally appeared to be weak.

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Strength test-Ojas
Prototype Final Prototype
Concept final
"final product"
Nov 8, 2024

REQUIREMENT TEST NAME RESULT

Durable, we want a strong product that won't be compromised by scratches or dents. -Ojas Strength test-Ojas 1/1

Type: Boolean
Steps
TRIALS RESULTS
1. First, find a weight (we used 10lbs)
1 Pass
2. Next, place it onto the palm of the prototype and see how long the prototype can hold
before you can hear cracking sounds.
3. record the time

There were no dents inflected by the weight onto the prosthetic. Even after the weight test, the prosthetic continued to perform normally without any restrictions.

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Shirt buttoning test-Ojas
Prototype Final Prototype
Concept final
"final product"
Nov 8, 2024

REQUIREMENT TEST NAME RESULT

Quick moving joints, meaning that movements will be fast. -Ojas Shirt buttoning test-Ojas 1/1

Type: Boolean
Steps
TRIALS RESULTS
1. make sure that the joints are working by pulling on the string
2. Try to button a shirt using the prosthetic. Do this by pulling on each string and making the 1 Pass
fingers get a hold onto the button. Then, press it through the gap in the shirt.
3. It will pass the test when it can successfully button the shirt. It will fail when it cannot do
that.

The prosthetic wasn't able to pass this test because of its control mechanism. When the string is pulled, all of the fingers of the prosthetic clench together and this make it really difficult to
button the shirt because to do that, each finger needs to have its own function.

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Rust test -Michael
Prototype Final Prototype
Concept final
"final product"
Nov 8, 2024

REQUIREMENT TEST NAME RESULT

The prosthetic shouldn't rust to make sure that friction doesn't occur. -Rayna Rust test -Michael 1/1

Type: Boolean
Steps TRIALS RESULTS
1 Pass
1. Observe the material that your prosthetic is made of
2. Research the material and come to a conclusion of whether or not your material can rust

The prototype won't rust because it doesn't contain any metal. It is made solely of TPU. The only metal components are the pins which have a lubricant applied to them so that they cannot rust.

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Cart test-Rayna
Prototype Final Prototype
Concept final
"final product"
Nov 8, 2024

REQUIREMENT TEST NAME RESULT

The grip on the prosthetic should be strong to make sure that the climber doesn't slip off the surface that he is holding. -Michael Cart test-Rayna 1/1

Type: Boolean
Steps
TRIALS RESULTS
1. Finish the prosthetic
1 Pass
2. Test to see if your prosthetic can clench its fingers and grip objects
3. Finally, find a cart, use the fingers to clench the handle and push it. If the fingers slip off,
then the prototype failed the test.

The prosthetic was able to grip onto the cart and push it across a span of ~10 feet. The grip was good because the fingertips had hot glue applied to the surface. This provided additional grip.

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Strength test-Ojas
Prototype Low fidelity prototype
Concept A
"Image 1"
Nov 8, 2024

REQUIREMENT TEST NAME RESULT

Strong, We want High Tensile Strength-Michael Strength test-Ojas 0/1

Type: Boolean
Steps
TRIALS RESULTS
1. First, find a weight (we used 10lbs)
1 Fail
2. Next, place it onto the palm of the prototype and see how long the prototype can hold
before you can hear cracking sounds.
3. record the time

This prototype was made out of cardboard and flimsy material, this made it very hard to lift weight with it.

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Strength test-Ojas
Prototype Low fidelity prototype
Concept A
"Image 1"
Nov 8, 2024

REQUIREMENT TEST NAME RESULT

Durable, we want a strong product that won't be compromised by scratches or dents. -Ojas Strength test-Ojas 0/1

Type: Boolean
Steps
TRIALS RESULTS
1. First, find a weight (we used 10lbs)
1 Fail
2. Next, place it onto the palm of the prototype and see how long the prototype can hold
before you can hear cracking sounds.
3. record the time

Since this prototype was made out of cardboard, it would dent and rip when put to the test. It was connected via hot glue so that made the connection between the materials very poor.

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Shirt buttoning test-Ojas
Prototype Low fidelity prototype
Concept A
"Image 1"
Nov 8, 2024

REQUIREMENT TEST NAME RESULT

Quick moving joints, meaning that movements will be fast. -Ojas Shirt buttoning test-Ojas 0/1

Type: Boolean
Steps
TRIALS RESULTS
1. make sure that the joints are working by pulling on the string
2. Try to button a shirt using the prosthetic. Do this by pulling on each string and making the 1 Fail
fingers get a hold onto the button. Then, press it through the gap in the shirt.
3. It will pass the test when it can successfully button the shirt. It will fail when it cannot do
that.

The cardboard body of the prototype was easily foldable, and this was good, but the control mechanism made it difficult to button the shirt because the fingers will all fold at once.

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Rust test -Michael
Prototype Low fidelity prototype
Concept A
"Image 1"
Nov 8, 2024

REQUIREMENT TEST NAME RESULT

The prosthetic shouldn't rust to make sure that friction doesn't occur. -Rayna Rust test -Michael 1/1

Type: Boolean
Steps TRIALS RESULTS
1 Pass
1. Observe the material that your prosthetic is made of
2. Research the material and come to a conclusion of whether or not your material can rust

This prosthetic won't rust because it does not have any key metal components. For that matter, it doesn't have any metal components.

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Cart test-Rayna
Prototype Low fidelity prototype
Concept A
"Image 1"
Nov 8, 2024

REQUIREMENT TEST NAME RESULT

The grip on the prosthetic should be strong to make sure that the climber doesn't slip off the surface that he is holding. -Michael Cart test-Rayna 0/1

Type: Boolean
Steps
TRIALS RESULTS
1. Finish the prosthetic
1 Fail
2. Test to see if your prosthetic can clench its fingers and grip objects
3. Finally, find a cart, use the fingers to clench the handle and push it. If the fingers slip off,
then the prototype failed the test.

The prosthetic will fail this test because the cardboard will bend and this will cause it to not be able to grip the cart and the prototype will slip off.

Produced by Advanced Manufacturing & Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP), National Science Foundation Award #1238089
® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.
 M. Vadakkumpadan,O.
Transradial Prosthetics
Saxena,R. Juneja
Research Notes
Nov 6, 2024 2:41PM - Michael Vadakkumpadan

Michael's Research Notes: 1. Prosthetics and Human Body Mechanics: a. In what ways have advancements in simple machines (levers, pulleys, etc.) contributed to the functionality of
prosthetics? Advancements in simple machines have contributed a lot to prosthetics: o Levers have improved the mobility of joints and hinges. o Pulleys have also allowed smoother motion
control and natural movement. o Advanced Flexibility has been achieved which can make the movement more fluid. o Ratcheting positioning mechanisms help carry heavier loads. Arm
Dynamics. (2019). Prosthetic Technology | Arm Dynamics. [Link]. [Link] b. What role do simple
machines play in the movement and control of prosthetic limbs? o Make prosthetic joints more similar to the actual joints of the body. o Pullies help distribute force through the prosthetic o
Advancing the speed of mechanisms with simpler and more efficient parts Bionic Movements. (2018, July 27). Bionic Movements. NIH News in Health; NIH News in Health.
[Link] Screws have been used to secure moving components together so they move together c. How can biomimicry of the human
musculoskeletal system improve prosthetic design? Biomimetic designs imitate human muscle and design and improve design by: o Improving dexterity of joints, meaning that it will be
easier to do certain movements. o Improving fine motor functions, meaning that precise and accurate movements can be done. o Enhancing the methods of control of the limb, meaning that
anybody could figure out how to use prosthetics. Pavitra Varaganti, & Seo, S. (2024). Recent Advances in Biomimetics for the Development of Bio-Inspired Prosthetic Limbs. Biomimetics,
9(5), 273–273. [Link] 2. Biomechanics and Engineering: a. What challenges do engineers face when designing prosthetics to replicate the natural
movement of the human body? • Limits on budget could decrease the number of resources that designers could use to try and replicate natural movement • Materials that are as versatile as
bodily tissues are non-existent, meaning that researchers have to look and test for materials, which takes time. • Personalization and specific troubles with integration with the user and the
prosthetic. [Link]. (2023, November 14). Challenges and Opportunities in Prosthetic Design and Development - Biomedical Engineering. [Link].
[Link] b. How does the application of simple machines in the body (such as levers in
bones and joints) inspire the design of robotic prosthetics? Simple machines in the body inspire the design of robotic prosthetics by: • Providing examples of what type of sockets/joints are
best suited to a specific part. • Aid in providing solutions to increase dexterity and controllability. • Makes the prosthetic more recognizable to the client; meaning that they will be more
comfortable with it. Simple Machines: Understanding Types & Principles. (n.d.). [Link]. [Link] 3. Ethical and Social
Implications: a. What are the ethical considerations in developing advanced prosthetics? • Cultural sensitivity – Some cultures may consider prosthetics taboo. • Technology that is available
– Limiting technologies like cloning for limbs can impact the advancement of prosthetics. • Data Privacy – Collecting data from prosthetics users could rapidly improve the efficiency of
prosthetics. • Respecting human anatomy – Human anatomy must be respected, and people have different viewpoints on what can be changed in the body. Gavette, H., McDonald, C. L.,
Kostick-Quenet, K., Mullen, A., Najafi, B., & Finco, M. G. (2024). Advances in prosthetic technology: a perspective on ethical considerations for development and clinical translation. Advances
in Prosthetic Technology: A Perspective on Ethical Considerations for Development and Clinical Translation, 4. [Link] b. How do socioeconomic factors
influence access to high-tech prosthetics, and what solutions exist to make them more accessible? • Income, people with lower income would not be able to afford prosthetics creating a
difference between disabled people with money and people without • Insurance, some insurances might not cover prosthetics leading them to not be able to afford it and thus not having a
prosthetic • Geographical Location - Some locations have more prosthetics because of the GDP per capita or their standard of living making it so some places are better for healthcare than
others. Narayanan, E., Tu, C., Subijanto, C., Rosales, A., Ibarra, B., Hussain, S., & Rahai, T. (2023, October). Analyzing the Interdependence Between Socioeconomic Factors and Quality of Life In
Prosthetic users. [Link]. [Link]

Nov 6, 2024 2:41PM - Rayna Juneja

Rayna's Research Notes: 1. Prosthetics and Human Body Mechanics: a. In what ways have advancements in simple machines (levers, pulleys, etc.) contributed to the functionality of
prosthetics? b. Pulleys in prosthetic devices contribute to the functionality of prosthetics by helping distribute force evenly, which allows for flexible and precise movements. This system is
especially beneficial for tasks such as lifting or gripping objects, as it allows the prosthetic to function more like a natural limb. c. Levers: In prosthetic joints, such as knees and elbows, levers
help create movement by using a central point to allow for bending and rotation. This design helps enabling with smoother and more controlled action which makes it easier for users to
perform everyday tasks with their prosthetics limbs. d. What role do simple machines play in the movement and control of prosthetic limbs? Levers: Help to increase the force applied by the
user, allowing them to move the prosthetic limb with less effort. This makes it easier to lift, hold, or move items. Pulleys: Change the direction of force, which helps prosthetic limbs to move
more smoothly. This is important for actions such as gripping or adjusting the limbs positions. Smoother Movements: Pulleys change the direction of force, which helps in making the
prosthetic limb move more smoothly. This is important especially for actions such as gripping or adjusting the limbs position. e. How can biomimicry of the human musculoskeletal system
improve prosthetic design? Natural Movements: By studying how our muscles and joints work, engineers can create prosthetic designs that allow prosthetics to move more like real limbs.
This will helps users perform daily tasks more easily, such as picking up objects or walking. Better Flexibility: Engineers can mickmick the way human joints bend and move to allow
prosthetics design to have a greater range of motion. This means users can move their prosthetic limbs more freely, making it easier to engage in various activities. Increased Comfort:
Engineers can imitate the soft parts of our bodies to allow prosthetic designs to be made to fit better and more comfortable to wear. This will reduce discomfort and allow users to wear
prosthetics for longer periods of time. 2. Biomechanics and Engineering: a. What challenges do engineers face when designing prosthetics to replicate the natural movement of the human
body? Choosing the Right Materials: Prosthetics must be designed with (the right materials) materials that are both lightweight and strong. For example, the knee joint takes a lot of pressure
when walking or running, so it needs materials that can handle that stress without being too heavy. Custom Fitting: Everyone’s body is different, so prosthetics must be tailored to fit each
person’s limb size and shape. This is especially important for joints such as the ankle or wrist, where a good fit is crucial for comfortable and effective movement. Adapting to activities:
Prosthetics need to be flexible enough for different activities, such as walking, running, or climbing stairs. Engineers must consider how the prosthetic will perform under various conditions,
ensuring it can bend and support the user effectively. • Bamford, William, and Iain McDonald. "Ethical considerations in the design and use of prosthetic limbs." Technology and Disability, vol.
31, no. 2, 2019, pp. 91-99. • Fitzgerald, Amanda. "The ethics of prosthetics: what happens when we create the perfect limb?" The Conversation, 2019. • Schweitzer, Joshua, et al. "Privacy and
ethical issues related to the use of smart prosthetics." Journal of Medical Ethics, vol. 45, no. 5, 2019, pp. 327-331. • Hughes, Brian, and David Johnson. "Advanced prosthetics: Balancing
innovation and ethics." Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, vol. 54, no. 2, 2017, pp. 345-356. b. How does the application of simple machines in the body (such as levers in
bones and joints) inspire the design of robotic prosthetics? Mechanisms of Levers: Robotic prosthetics make use of lever mechanics in enhancing the movement of the limb, hence enabling
users to lift and move objects with ease, similar to how human bones act like levers. Joint Design: The design of robotic prosthetic joints makes use of the natural template of bending and
rotation which is common in human joints. This allows for smoother and more natural movement from the user. 3. Ethical and Social Implications: a. What are the ethical considerations in
developing advanced prosthetics? • Risks: When making advanced prosthetics, it’s important to reduce risks for users as much as possible. This means testing the devices to make sure they
are safe and comfortable to use. Developers should think about how using the prosthetics might affect the user physically and mentally, helping them adjust without too much difficulty. •
Data Privacy: Advanced prosthetics should be designed to protect users' privacy. This includes keeping any personal information safe and secure. Developers should clearly explain what
data is collected, how it is used, and who can see it, so users can make informed choices about their privacy. • Impact on Identity: Advanced prosthetics should be created in a way that does
not change how people see themselves. The goal is to help users feel good about who they are and boost their self-esteem. Developers need to think about how these prosthetics are viewed
by others and make sure they empower users instead of making them feel bad or different. b. How do socioeconomic factors influence access to high-tech prosthetics, and what solutions
exist to make them more accessible? High Costs: Advanced prosthetics can be prohibitively expensive for many people. Insurance Issues: The level of coverage for high tech prosthetics
varies between insurance plans, affecting affordability. Location Differences: High Tech Prosthetic clinics are typically located in cities, leaving people living in rural communities with fewer
options. • Financial Help: Government or nonprofit programs can provide funds to help pay for advanced prosthetics for those who need it. • Better Insurance Coverage: People can advocate
for insurance companies to provide more coverage for prosthetic devices. • Using Telehealth: People can use Telehealth to Provide remote consultations and follow-up care can help people
in remote areas access prosthetic services. • Community Programs: People can raise awareness and educate people about available prosthetic options and financial assistance.

Nov 8, 2024 10:14PM - Ojas Saxena

Ojas's research notes: 1. Prosthetics and Human Body Mechanics: a. In what ways have advancements in simple machines (levers, pulleys, etc.) contributed to the functionality of
prosthetics? • Levers can mimic more natural movements with a greater range of motion.(Ian Coll Mceachern). Modern Applications of Classical Levers: From Construction to Robotics b.
What role do simple machines play in the movement and control of prosthetic limbs? • Simple machines can increase the range of motion of the prosthetic limbs. • They can also act as
joints. The Evolution of Prosthetic Limbs: Current Technological Advancements | Premier Prosthetic c. How can biomimicry of the human musculoskeletal system improve prosthetic design?
• Myoelectric prosthetics use signals for control. These signals are also used by the brain to make the muscles contract. • A Design of Biomimetic Prosthetic Hand 2. Biomechanics and
Engineering: a. What challenges do engineers face when designing prosthetics to replicate the natural movement of the human body? • There is still a remaining challenge of having a
prosthetic that is comfortable. • The prosthetics need to reduce the risks of complications. • The biocompatibility needs to be improved.
[Link] b. How does the application of
simple machines in the body (such as levers in bones and joints) inspire the design of robotic prosthetics? • The wrists utilize a lever joint. • Prosthetic wrists have two classifications:
rotators and flexors. Rotators can pronate the forearm to replicate a roll motion. Surgical technique improves sensation, control of prosthetic limb | Robotics @ MIT 3. Ethical and Social
Implications: a. What are the ethical considerations in developing advanced prosthetics? • They need to be accessible to all individuals. • Gathering data for the improvement of prosthetics
and being able to guard the privacy of individuals becomes a challenge. The Ethical Considerations in Prosthetic Research and Development | OP Centers b. How do socioeconomic factors

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influence access to high-tech prosthetics, and what solutions exist to make them more accessible? • The economic strain on individuals will increase as the prosthetics advance. • Nonprofits
bridge the gap by aiding the people who need the money. • Cost effective materials are being studied and used in the prosthetic to bring down costs. The Economics of Prosthetics:
Affordability and Accessibility | OP Centers Works cited: Mceachern, Ian Coll. “Modern Applications of Classical Levers: From Construction to Robotics.” iancollmceachern, 28 Apr. 2024,
[Link]/single-post/modern-applications-of-classical-levers-from-construction-to-
robotics#:~:text=Modern%20prosthetics%20offer%20unprecedented%20levels%20of%20functionality%20and,that%20closely%20mimics%20that%20of%20a%20biological%20limb. Staff,
Premier Prosthetic Center, and Premier Prosthetic Center Staff. “The Evolution of Prosthetic Limbs: Current Technological Advancements | Premier Prosthetic.” Premier Prosthetic, 26 Sept.
2023, [Link]/09/the-evolution-of-prosthetic-limbs-current-technological-
advancements/#:~:text=The%20signals%20are%20then%20converted%20into%20motions%2C%20allowing,grasping%20objects%20or%20walking%20naturally%20much%20more%20feasible.
Kulkarni, Pranav G., et al. “Overcoming Challenges and Innovations in Orthopedic Prosthesis Design: An Interdisciplinary Perspective.” Deleted Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, May 2023, pp. 58–69.
[Link] Surgical Technique Improves Sensation, Control of Prosthetic Limb | Robotics @ MIT. [Link]/surgical-technique-improves-sensation-
control-prosthetic-limb. Orthotic Prosthetic Center. “The Ethical Considerations in Prosthetic Research and Development | OP Centers.” OP Centers, 25 Jan. 2024, [Link]/the-ethical-
considerations-in-prosthetic-research-and-development. ---. “The Economics of Prosthetics: Affordability and Accessibility | OP Centers.” OP Centers, 25 Jan. 2024, [Link]/the-
economics-of-prosthetics-affordability-and-accessibility.

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® Copyright 2018 – Georgia Institute of Technology – All Rights Reserved
Developed in partnership with Sevaa Group, Inc.