STD X CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS MARKS-40
[Link] THE CORRECT ANSWER 6x1=6
1. The electronic configuration of an element is found to be 2, 4. How many bonds
can one carbon atom form in a compound?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6
2. The image represents the structure of a few hydrocarbon compounds.
Which of these compounds can be classified as alkynes?
(a) Only (A) (b) Only (B) (c) Both (A) and (D) (d) Both (B) and (C)
3. The following chemical reaction shows the addition of chlorine gas to
hydrocarbon in the presence of sunlight.
CHCl3 + Cl2 → CCl4 + HCl
How does chlorine react to a hydrocarbon compound in the presence of sunlight?
(a) It adds hydrogen to the compound
(b) It adds an oxygen atom to the compound
(c) It substitutes hydrogen atom from the compound
(d) It breaks double and triple bonds into a single bond
4. A student studies that vinegar, which is a diluted form of ethanoic acid, freezes
during winter. What does this suggest about the physical properties of pure
ethanoic acid?
(a) It has a low boiling point (b) It has a low melting point
(c) It has a very high boiling point (d) It has a very high melting point
5. Assertion(A) : If the first member of a homologous series is methanal, its third
member will be propanal.
Reason (R) : All the members of a homologous series show similar chemical
properties.
6. Assertion(A): The functional group present in alcohols is – OH.
Reason (R) : It is the same group as present in water, hence water and alcohol
have similar properties.
II. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING 5X2=10
1. State the reason why carbon can neither form C 4+ cations nor C4- anions,
but forms covalent compounds. Also state reasons to explain why covalent
compounds :
(i) are bad conductors of electricity?
(ii) have low melting and boiling points?
2. Write the name and structure of an aldehyde with four carbon atoms in its
molecule.
3. An aldehyde as well as a ketone can be represented by the same molecular
formula, say C3H6O. Write their structures and name them. State the
relation between the two in the language of science.
4. What is meant by homologous series of carbon compounds? Write the
general formula of (i) alkenes, and (ii) alkynes. Draw the structures of the
first member of each series to show the bonding between the two carbon
atoms.
5. What happens when 5% alkaline KMnO4 solution is added drop by drop to
warm ethanol taken in a test tube? State the role of alkaline
KMnO4 solution in this reaction.
III. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING 5X3=15
1. Draw the electron-dot structure for ethyne. A mixture of ethyne and
oxygen is burnt for welding. In your opinion, why cannot we use a mixture
of ethyne and air for this purpose?
2. A compound ‘X’ on heating with excess conc. sulphuric acid at 443 K gives
an unsaturated compound ‘Y’. ‘X’ also reacts with sodium metal to evolve a
colourless gas ‘Z’. Identify ‘X’, ‘Y’ and ‘Z’. Write the equation of the chemical
reaction of formation of ‘Y’ and also write the role of sulphuric acid in the
reaction.
3. Write the chemical equations to show what happens when
(i) an ester reacts with a base?
(ii) ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid in the presence of sulphuric acid?
4. A salt X is formed, and gas is evolved when ethanoic acid reacts with
sodium hydrogen carbonate. Name the salt X and the gas evolved. Describe
an activity and draw the diagram of the apparatus to prove that the
evolved gas is the one you have named. Also, write a chemical equation of
the reaction involved.
5. A compound C (molecular formula, C2H4O2) reacts with Na – metal to form
a compound R and evolves into a gas which burns with a pop sound.
Compound C on treatment with an alcohol A in the presence of an acid
forms a sweet-smelling compound S (molecular formula, C 3H6O2). On
addition of NaOH to C, it also gives R and water. S on treatment with NaOH
solution gives back R and A. Identify C, R, A, and S and write down the
reactions involved.
III. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING 1x5=5
1. Define isomerism and draw the isomers of [Link] and name the
isomers.
V. The following question is a case-based question. Each question carries
4(1+1+1+1) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions
that follow 4
Most dirt is oily in nature and as you know, oil does not dissolve in water. The
molecules of soap are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids.
The ionic-end of soap interacts with water while the carbon chain interacts with
oil. The soap molecules, thus form structures called micelles, where one end of
the molecules is towards the oil droplet while the ionic-end faces outside. This
forms an emulsion in water. The soap micelle thus helps in pulling out the dirt in
water and we can wash our clothes clean
i) What is hydrophobic end?
ii) Draw the structure of micelle.
iii) What are scums?
iv) What is hard water? To remove hardness of water, the water is treated with
soap or detergent?
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