Place Value
Types of Decimals Number
System and
Thousandths
Hundred
Terminating
Decimals
2
A terminating decimal is a decimal number that has a
finite number of digits after the decimal point, meaning
it does not go on infinitely. This type of decimal
Thousandths
represents a precise value and can often be expressed
as a fraction where the denominator is a power of ten.
Examples of terminating decimals:
1. 0.5 (which is equal to 1/2)
Ten
2. 0.125 (which is equal to 1/8)
1
Thousandths
Non- Terminating,
Recurring
A non-terminating recurring decimal (also known as a
0
repeating decimal) is a decimal number that continues
infinitely without ending, but it has a specific digit or a Hundredths
group of digits that repeat indefinitely.
Examples of non-terminating recurring decimals:
1. 0.333... (which can be written as 13\frac{1}{3}31),
where the digit "3" repeats indefinitely.
9
2. 2.666... (which can be expressed as 83\frac{8}
4
{3}38), where the digit "6" repeats infinitely after
Tenths
the decimal point.
8
5
3
Decimal
Non- terminating, Non- recurring
Point
A non-terminating non-recurring decimal is a decimal
number that continues infinitely without repeating
.
.
any specific sequence of digits. These decimals
cannot be expressed as fractions of integers and are
Unit
often associated with irrational numbers.
0
4
s
Examples of non-terminating non-recurring decimals:
1. π (pi): Approximately 3.14159265358979..., where
7.89012
Number
the digits continue infinitely without repeating.
0.34
2. √2 (square root of 2): Approximately
Kayla Salmon
4.5
1.414213562373... , which also goes on infinitely
without a repeating pattern.
Early tools used in counting
PART 1 and calculations
Operating without numbers
Learning materials, tools, and supplies
In a world without numbers, I’d create a simple
Tally Sticks: Marked sticks or bones with system of symbols to represent quantities. A dot (•)
notches representing counts, used to track would stand for "one," while a line (|) could represent
quantities like animals or days. "five," and a triangle (▲) would signify "ten." For larger
Historical Development of the Hindu Abacus: A counting frame with beads sliding amounts, I’d use a square (□) for "twenty" and a
Arabic Number System on rods, widely used across ancient circle (○) for "one hundred." To count or do basic
civilizations for arithmetic operations. math, I’d combine these symbols—like using two lines
The Hindu-Arabic numeral system originated Counting Boards: Flat boards with lines or (||) for "ten" or a triangle with two dots (▲••) for
in ancient India around the 6th century, grooves where stones or tokens were placed "twelve." This visual approach would make it easy to
to represent numbers, aiding in addition and track and add quantities, even without traditional
introducing ten symbols (0–9) and the
subtraction. numbers.
concept of zero, which allowed for more Quipu (Incan): A system of knotted strings
PART 2
efficient calculations. Indian numerals spread where each knot represented a number, used
to the Islamic world by the 8th century, where by the Incas for record-keeping and counting.
Napier’s Bones: Rods invented by John Napier
Arab mathematicians adopted and refined in the early 17th century, inscribed with
the system, utilizing positional notation to numbers to help with multiplication and
simplify complex calculations. By the 10th division.
century, this numeral system reached Europe Number systems
through trade and scholarly exchange. Italian
mathematician Fibonacci popularized it
Roman Numeral System
Symbols: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), M (1000)Roman
A decimal is a number that includes
further in the 13th century, demonstrating its
numerals combine these symbols through addition and a decimal point to represent a whole
subtraction to represent numbers (e.g., IV for 4, IX for 9).
advantages over Roman numerals. Babylonian Numeral System number and a fractional part, using
Symbols: Two basic symbols – a wedge-shaped mark for 1 (𒐕) and
a double wedge for 10 (𒐖) This base-60 (sexagesimal) system the base-10 system. Decimals allow
Counting in the past
used combinations of these symbols in positional notation to
represent larger numbers. precise representation of values
Mayan Numeral System
Symbols: A dot (•) for 1, a horizontal bar (—) for 5, and a shell
between whole numbers by dividing
In ancient times, people used basic methods to symbol (𝄐) for 0. The Mayan system was a base-20 (vigesimal)
system, with digits stacked vertically to represent increasing
them into tenths, hundredths,
count and represent numbers. Early humans often values. thousandths, and so on.
relied on body parts, such as fingers and toes, to Egyptian Numeral System
count small quantities. As needs grew, they Symbols: Vertical stroke (|) for 1, heel bone symbol ( ) for 10, coil of Examples of decimals:
rope ( ) for 100, lotus flower ( ) for 1,000, pointing finger ( ) for
developed more tangible methods like making tally 10,000, tadpole ( ) for 100,000, and a figure of a god ( ) for 3.5 (three and five-tenths)
marks on bones, stones, or sticks, which allowed 1,000,000. Egyptian numerals used additive notation, combining
0.75 (seventy-five hundredths)
symbols to form larger numbers.
them to keep track of larger quantities over time. In
various civilizations, symbols and basic numeral
Chinese Rod Numeral System
Symbols: Rods placed in different positions to represent 1–9 and
12.345 (twelve and three hundred
systems emerged for recording numbers, multiples of 10. This system used a positional notation with rods to forty-five thousandths)
represent numbers in a base-10 format, which allowed for complex
especially for trade and record-keeping. calculations on counting boards.
