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Group No. _____ Date Performed: _____________ Instructor’s Signature: ___________
Activity No. _____
CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BLOOD
I. PURPOSE: To confirm if the alleged bloodstain is really blood.
II. MATERIALS:
1. Known bloodstain,
2. Alleged bloodstain (POSITIVE in the preliminary test),
3. Saline solution,
4. Takayama reagent,
5. Glass slide with cover and
6. Microscope.
III. PROCEDURE:
1. Preparation of reagent
A. Takayama reagent:
Mix 3 ml of 10% sodium hydroxide (NaOH); 3 ml pyridine; 3 ml saturated
glucose solution and dilute with 7 ml distilled water.
2. Takayama tests:
Cut a piece of known blood stain and place in a glass slide. Add 3 drops of saline
solution and tease the cloth using a teasing pin to effectively separate the stain from the fiber.
Add 2-3 drops of Takayama reagent and cover with a cover slip, the view under the
microscope. Large, rhombic crystals of salmon- pink color will be seen when viewed under
the microscope. Repeat the same procedure with stain B, C and D.
IV. OBSERVATION:
1. If hemoglobin is present, haemochromogen crystal will be observed, please describe the
color and shape of the crystal as viewed under the microscope.
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2. Please illustrate the haemochromogen crystal as viewed under the microscope.
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3. The presence of haemochromogen crystal was only observed at stain A and D, even
though stain B and C gave POSITIVE RESULT in Benzidine tests, can you still conclude
that stain B and C is really blood? Please explain briefly.
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V. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION:
1. Procedure
a. Place a drop of human blood on a glass slide and cover with glass slip.
b. Observe under the microscope.
c. Draw and identify by labeling the parts of human blood, erythrocytes, leucocytes,
thrombocytes, and plasma. Repeat the same procedure for animal blood.
2. Observation:
a. Illustrate and label human blood and animal blood.
b. Describe the red blood cells of human blood.
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c. Describe the red blood cells of the animal blood.
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