2
Mathematical Formulae
1. ALGEBRA
Quadratic Equation
For the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ,
- b ! b 2 - 4ac
x=
2a
Binomial Theorem
n n n
(a + b) n = a n + e o a n - 1 b + e o a n - 2 b 2 + f + e o a n - r b r + f + b n
1 2 r
n
where n is a positive integer and e o =
n!
r (n - r) !r!
Arithmetic series un = a + (n - 1) d
1 1
Sn = n (a + l ) = n {2a + (n - 1) d}
2 2
Geometric series un = ar n - 1
a (1 - r n )
Sn = ( r ! 1)
1-r
a
S3 = ( r 1 1)
1-r
2. TRIGONOMETRY
Identities
sin 2 A + cos 2 A = 1
sec 2 A = 1 + tan 2 A
cosec 2 A = 1 + cot 2 A
Formulae for ∆ABC
a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 - 2bc cos A
1
T = bc sin A
2
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1 Find the possible values of the constant k such that the equation kx 2 + 4kx + 3k + 1 = 0 has two
different real roots. [4]
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r r
3 Solve the equation cosec 2 i + 2 cot 2 i = 2 cot i + 9 , where i is in radians and - 1i1 . [5]
2 2
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6
6
(a) Find the first three non-zero terms in the expansion of e2 - o in ascending powers of x. Simplify
x2
4
4
each term. [3]
6 2
1
Hence find the term independent of x in the expansion of e2 - o e3 - 2 o .
x2
(b) [3]
4 x
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5 When e y is plotted against x 2 a straight line graph passing through the points (2.24, 5) and (4.74, 10) is
obtained. Find y in terms of x. [5]
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O
a
D C
a
A 2a B
The diagram shows a circle, centre O, radius 2a. The points A and B lie on the circumference of the
circle. The points C and D are the mid-points of the lines OB and OA respectively. The arc DC is part of
a circle centre O. The chord AB is of length 2a.
(a) Find angle AOB, giving your answer in radians in terms of r. [1]
(b) Find, in terms of a and r, the perimeter of the shaded region ABCD. [2]
(c) Find, in terms of a and r, the area of the shaded region ABCD. [3]
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7 (a) A committee of 8 people is to be formed from 5 teachers, 4 doctors and 3 police officers. Find the
number of different committees that could be chosen if
(i) all 4 doctors are on the committee, [2]
(ii) there are at least 2 teachers on the committee. [3]
(b) Given that n
P5 = 6 # n - 1 P4 , find the value of n. [3]
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9 (a) Show that the equation of the curve y = `x 2 - 4j`x - 2j can be written as y = x 3 + ax 2 + bx + 8 ,
where a and b are integers. Hence find the exact coordinates of the stationary points on the curve.
[4]
(b) On the axes, sketch the graph of y = `x 2 - 4j`x - 2j , stating the intercepts with the coordinate
axes. [4]
O x
(c) Find the possible values of the constant k for which `x 2 - 4j`x - 2j = k has exactly 4 different
solutions. [2]
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11 The line x + 2y = 10 intersects the two lines satisfying the equation x + y = 2 at the points A and
B.
(a) Show that the point C (- 5, 20) lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line AB. [8]
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(b) The point D also lies on this perpendicular bisector. M is the mid-point of AB. The distance CD is
three times the distance of CM. Find the possible coordinates of D. [4]
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1 DO NOT USE A CALCULATOR IN THIS QUESTION.
4- 5
Write with a rational denominator, simplifying your answer. [3]
7-3 5
2 Given that y = 2 (7 2x) - 3 (7 x + 1) + 19 , find the value of x when y = 30 . [4]
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5
x (27xy 3) 3
3 (a) Write 4 5
in the form 3 a # x b # y c where a, b and c are constants. [3]
81y
3
(b) (i) Find the value of a such that 2 log a 8 = . [2]
2
(ii) Write log (a 2) 3a as a single logarithm to base a. [2]
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6 The polynomial p is given by p (x) = 36x 3 - 15x 2 - 2x + 1.
(a) Show that x =- 0.25 is a root of the equation p (x) = 0 . [1]
(b) Show that the equation p (x) = 0 has a repeated root. [4]
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7 (a) Sketch the graph of the curve y = ln (4x - 3) on the axes, stating the intercept with the x-axis. [2]
–1 0 3 x
(b) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = ln (4x - 3) at the point where x = 2 . [5]
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9 (a) The function f is defined, for all real x, by f (x) = 13 - 4x - 2x 2 .
(i) Write f (x) in the form a + b (x + c) 2 , where a, b and c are constants. [3]
(ii) Hence write down the range of f. [1]
(b) The function g is defined, for x H 1, by g (x) = x 2 + 2x - 1 .
(i) Given that g -1 (x) exists, write down the domain and range of g -1 . [2]
(ii) Show that g -1 (x) =-1 + px 2 + q , where p and q are integers. [4]
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1 1 1
11 (a) The first three terms of an arithmetic progression are , ,- .
p q q
2
(i) Show that the common difference can be written as - . [3]
3p
k
(ii) The 10th term of the progression is , where k is a constant. Find the value of k. [2]
p
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3
(b) The sum to infinity of a geometric progression is 8. The second term of the progression is . Find
2
the two possible values of the common ratio. [5]
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