A.
Short Answer Questions
1. Write true or false for each statement
(a) The moon is a natural source of light.
Answer. False
(b) The moon is self luminous.
Answer. False
(c) We can see an object through an opaque medium.
Answer. False
(d) Light passes through glass.
Answer. True
(e) Light travels in a straight line path. .
Answer. True
(f) Image formed in a pin hole camera is real.
Answer. True
(g) The image in a pin hole camera gets blurred if the hole is made bigger.
Answer. True
(h) A shadow is formed because light travels in a straight line path.
Answer. True
(i) Solar eclipse occurs when the sun comes in between the earth and the moon.
Answer. False
(j) If the shadow of earth falls on the moon, the eclipse is called the lunar eclipse.
Answer. True
2. Fill in the blanks
(a) Light gives us the sensation of vision.
(b) The sun is a natural source of light.
(c) A medium through which light cannot pass is called the opaque medium.
(d) A medium which allows light to pass through it easily is called the transparent medium.
(e) Moon is a non-luminous body.
(f) Light travels in a straight line path.
(g) In a pin hole camera, the image formed is inverted and real.
(h) The darkest portion of a shadow is called the umbra.
(i) The less dark portion of a shadow is called the penumbra.
(j) Lunar eclipse occurs when the earth comes in between the moon and the sun.
3. Match the following columns
4. Select the correct alternative
(i) The natural source of light is
1. candle flame
2. electric lamp
3. sun
4. kerosene lamp
(ii) The formation of inverted image in a pin hole camera shows that
1. light enables us to see
2. light travels in a straight line path
3. light can pass through the pin hole
4. light does not pass through the pin hole
(iii) The luminous body is
1. a lighted bulb
2. earth
3. noon
4. table
(iv) Umbra is a region of
1. complete darkness
2. partial darkness
3. complete brightness
4. partial brightness
(v) Penumbra is a region of
1. complete darkness
2. complete brightness
3. partial brightness
4. none of the above
(vi) Solar eclipse occurs on
1. every new moon’s day
2. certain new moon’s day
3. every full moon’s day
4. certain full moon’s day
(vii) Lunar eclipse occurs on
1. every full moon’s night
2. certain full moon’s night
3. every new moon’s day
4. certain new moon’s day
B. Short/Long Answer Questions
Question 1.
What is light ? Define it.
Answer:
Light is a form of Energy i. e. The external physical cause that affects our eye to produce the sensation of vision.
Question 2.
How does light make an object visible ?
Answer:
An object becomes visible to us when the light after striking the object reaches our eyes. Light itself is not visible, but
light makes objects visible to us.
Question 3.
Name two natural sources of light.
Answer:
Sun, stars,jugnu, firefly.
Question 4.
List two artificial sources of light.
Answer:
Electric bulb, torch, an oil lamp, fluorescent tube, candle.
Question 5.
Differentiate between the luminous and non-luminous bodies. Give two examples of each.
Answer:
Difference Between
Luminous
The bodies which have light of their own e.g. sun stars, bulb, candle, oil lamp, torch, a lantern.
Non-Luminous
The bodies-which do not have their own Iight.e.g. moon, chair, table. When light falls on them, they become visible.
Question 6.
Is the moon a luminous object ?
Answer:
Moon is not a luminous body, it is nbn-luminous body. It has no light of its own.
Question 7.
What do we call a body that shmes on its own ?
Answer:
The bodies that shines onits ownor whichthemselves emittheir own light are called the luminous bodies.
Question 8.
What do we call an electric bulb producing light ?
Answer:
Luminous object.
Question 9.
What is a transparent medium ? Give two examples.
Answer:
Amedium which allows the passage of light through it easily,is called a transparent medium.
Examples: glass, air, water etc.
Question 10.
Explain the difference between a transparent, a translucent and an opaque medium. Give two examples of each.
Answer:
1. Transparent objects — Those objects through which light can pass easily are called transparent obj ects. e.g.
Water, glass, air.
2. Translucent object— The ohj ect through which light can pass partially are called translucent object, e.g.
tracing paper, waxed paper.
3. Opaque object— The objects which do not allow the light to pass through are called opaque objects, e.g.
wood.
Question 11.
What do we call a substance through which we cannot see light ? Give an example of such a substance.
Answer:
A substance through which we cannot see light is called an opaque medium.
Examples: Wood, metals, butter paper and black paper etc.
Question 12.
What do we call a substance through which light passes ? Give an example of such a substance.
Answer:
A substance through which light passes is called a transparent substance.
Examples: glass, air, water etc.
Question 13.
Can a transparent medium form an image ? Explain your answer.
Answer:
No, a transparent medium cannot form image. All the light that passes through a transparent medium completely
pass through the substance. For the formation of image it is must that the light rays get reflected through the
surface.
Question 14.
How can you obtain a point source of light ?
Answer:
A point source of light is obtained either by placing a screen having a fine hole, in front of die luminous body or by
placing the luminous body inside a box having a fine hole on one of its side.
Question 15.
Define the terms : a ray of light and a beam of light.
Answer:
The light travelling in any one direction in a straight line is called a ray of light.
A group of light rays given out from a source is called a beam of light
Question 16.
What do you mean by ‘rectilinear propagation of light’ ?
Answer:
Light travels in a straight line path. This is called the rectilinear propagation of light.
Question 17.
Describe an experiment to show that light travels in a straight line path.
Answer:
Take three cardboards A, B and C each about 25 cm square. Take a pin and make a small hole in each cardboard at
the same height. Suspend the cardboard pieces by separate threads vertically from a support such that each hole is
at the same height, as shown. Pass a string through the holes and pull it taut. This makes the three holes in a straight
line. Now take out the string.
Place a lighted candle near one of the cardboards (say A). Look at the candle flame from the other side of the
cardboard C. The candle flame is clearly seen.
Now slightly displace one of the cardboards (say B) so that the holes no longer remain in a straight line. Again look at
the candle flame from the other side of the cardboard C. You do not see the candle flame. The reason is that light
travels in a straight line and now the holes in the cardboards A, B and C are not in a straight line.
Conclusion: Light travels in a straight line path called the rectilinear propagation of light.
Question 18.
In which of the following two arrangements (a) and (b) shown in the diagram, you can see the light of the bulb ?
Explain Your answer
Answer:
We can see the light of the bulb in the arrangement (a).
This is so because in arrangement ‘a’ the rod is straight and light travels in a straight line path.
Whereas in arrangement ‘b’ the rod is bent. So the light cannot pass through it.
Question 19.
Name a simple application of the rectilinear propagation of light
Answer:
The simple applications of rectilinear propagation of light are pin hole camera, formation of shadows and elipses.
Question 20.
What is a pin hole camera ? Draw a neat and labelled diagram to show the formation of image of a lighted candle by
it.
Answer:
The pin hole camera is a simple application of the rectilinear propagation of light.
Question 21.
Explain the formation of image of a luminous object in a pin hole camera with the aid of a neat diagram.
Answer:
When a luminous object AB, such as a lighted candle, is placed in front of the pin hole, an inverted picture A’ B’ of the
candle is obtained on the tracing paper. This picture A’ B’ is called the image. The image obtained is upside down (i. e.
inverted). The reason is that the light travels in a straight line path. Hence light from the upper point A of the candle
passes through the pin hole and strikes
the tracing paper at A’. Similarly, light from the lower point B of the candle passes through the pin hole and strikes
the tracing paper
(or screen) at B’. Light from all the other points between A and B, on passing through the pin hole strikes the tracing
paper in between
A’ and B’. As a result, an inverted image of the candle is seen on the tracing paper Fig shows the simple ray diagram
for die formation of image.
Question 22.
State two factors which affect the size of image formed in a pin hole camera.
Answer:
Factors affecting the size of the image :
The size of image depends on the following two factors:
1. The distance of screen (i.e. tracing paper) from the pin hole, and
2. The distance of obj ect (i.e. candle) in front of the pin hole.
Question 23.
Is the image obtained in a pin hole camera erect or inverted ? Give reason for your answer.
Answer:
Image obtained in a pin hole camera is inverted.
The reason is that the light travels in a straight line path. Hence light from the upper point of the candle passes
through the pin hole and strikes the tracing paper in the lower point. Similarly light from the lower point of the
candle passes through the pin hole and strikes the tracing paper at the upper point.
Question 24.
How is the image affected in a pin hole camera when another fine hole is made near the first pin hole ?
Answer:
If another pin hole is made near the first pin hole, two images are formed on the screen, one due to each of the two
pin holes. If the holes are very close, the two images tend to overlap each other. As a result, a blurred image will be
seen.
Question 25.
State the effect on the image in a pin hole camera if
1. The hole is made bigger.
2. The luminous object is moved towards the pin hole.
3. The length of the pin hole camera is increased (le. the screen is moved away from the pin hole).
Answer:
1. If the hole is bigger than a pin hole, again a blurred image in seen. The reason is that a bigger hole is
equivalent to a large number of pinholes. Each pin hole produces one image. These images overlap each
other resulting in a blurred image.
2. If the object is moved towards the pin hole the size of the image increases.
The size of image / The size of object = Distance of screen from pin hole / Distance of object from pin hole
3. When the length of the pin hole camera is increased. C is the screen is moved away from the pinhole, the size
of image also increases.
Question 26.
What is a shadow ? Give a reason for its formation.
Answer:
Shadow : When light falls on an opaque object, light is obstructed and a dark patch on a screen kept behind is called
shadow. This is because light propagates in straight line. If distance between obj ect and screen is less, the shad o w
will be (umbra) dark and smaller.
If the distance is increased shadow will be dim and larger.
Question 27.
Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of shadow of an opaque object by a point source of light. How is the size
of shadow affected if the screen is moved away from the object?
Answer:
If we move the screen away from the object, the shadow increases in size.
Question 28.
State two differences between an umbra and a penumbra.
Answer:
Umbra
1. It is the portion of shadow where no light reaches from the source of light due to the opaque object.
2. It is completely dark.
Penumbra
It is the portion of shadow where a portion of light from the source of light reaches the shadow even in the presence
of the opaque object in between them.
It is not completely dark, but is dim (or less bright).
Question 29.
Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of umbra alone.
Answer:
Formation of umbra alone.
Question 30.
Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of umbra and penumbra both. Label the parts umbra and penumbra in
your diagram.
Answer:
If your move the screen away from the object, the shadow increases in size. Formation of umbra and penumbra both.
Question 31.
In each of the following diagrams, draw rays to form umbra and penumbra on the screen.
(a)
(b)
Answer:
(a)A’B’—
umbra Umbra
alone is
obtained
on the screen
when the
opaque object is illuminated by a point source of light.
(b)
EF is Penumbra, CD is umbra.
Question 32.
State the conditions when only the penumbra of an opaque object is obtained on the screen.
Answer:
If the size of source of light is bigger than the size of the opaque object, the size of umbra is very small. If the screen
is moved away from the object, the umbra vanishes and only the penumbra remains.
Question 33.
Why is it that the birds flying in the sky do not cast their shadow on the earth ?
Answer:
We do not see the shadow of a bird flying high up in air because in their shadow, the umbra is absent and the
penumbra is too large and too faint that it is not visible as the distance of screen (i.e. earth) is very large from the
object (i.e. bird).
Question 34.
Why are shadows at noon shorter than in the morning or in the evening ?
Answer:
At noon the sun is directly overhead. So, the sun rays fall vertically on the body. Hence the shadow is very short. In
the morning and evenings, the sun rays fall in an inclined position. So, the shadows are long.
Question 35.
What is an eclipse ? Name the two types of eclipses.
Answer:
Eclipses are the examples of formation of shadows in nature. There are two kinds of eclipses:
1. Lunar eclipse (the eclipse of the moon), and
2. Solar eclipse (the eclipse of the sun).
Lunar eclipse is due to the formation of shadow of earth on moon and solar eclipse is due to the formation of
shadow of moon on earth.
Question 36. When does a lunar eclipse take place ? Does it occur on every full moon’s night ?
Answer:
A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth comes in between the sun and moon and casts its shadow on moon. On a full
moon night, the moon rises in the east after sun sets in the west. On such a night, the sun and moon are on the
opposite sides of the earth. The shadow of the earth falls on the surface of the moon therefore moon is not visible to
us. This is lunar eclipse as shown in the figure.
Question 37. Draw a diagram to show the formation of lunar eclipse.
Answer:
Question 38. When does a solar eclipse take place? Does it occur on even’ new moon’s day?
Answer:
Solar eclipse— On a certain moon’s day the moon, happens to come in between the sun and the earth. They come in
a straight line. In such a situation, the moon being smaller in size casts its shadow only on a limited region on the
earth. In these regions of the earth, the solar eclipse occurs.
Question 39.
Draw a diagram to show the formation of solar eclipse.
Answer:
Question 40. What is annular solar eclipse ? Draw a labelled diagram to show its formation.
Answer:
An annular solar eclipse occurs when only the tip of the umbra of the moon falls on the earth. From the point D, the
sun will appear to be completely obstructed by the moon, only the outer rim of the sun, called corona, is then visible
for a very short time which is known as the diamond ring. The formati on of annular solar eclipse is shown below.
Short Answer Questions
1. Write true or false for each statement:
o The moon is a natural source of light.
o The moon is self-luminous.
o We can see an object through an opaque medium.
o Light passes through glass.
o Light travels in a straight-line path.
o The image formed in a pinhole camera is real.
o The image in a pinhole camera gets blurred if the hole is made bigger.
o A shadow is formed because light travels in a straight-line path.
o Solar eclipse occurs when the sun comes in between the earth and the moon.
o If the shadow of earth falls on the moon, the eclipse is called the lunar eclipse.
2. Fill in the blanks:
o Light gives us the sensation of _______.
o The sun is a _______ source of light.
o A medium through which light cannot pass is called the _______ medium.
o A medium that allows light to pass through it easily is called the _______ medium.
o The moon is a _______ body.
o Light travels in a _______ path.
o In a pinhole camera, the image formed is _______ and _______.
o The darkest portion of a shadow is called the _______.
o The less dark portion of a shadow is called the _______.
o Lunar eclipse occurs when the _______ comes in between the _______ and the sun.
3. Match the following columns.
4. Select the correct alternative:
o The natural source of light is: candle flame, electric lamp, sun, kerosene lamp.
o The formation of an inverted image in a pinhole camera shows that: light enables us to see, light
travels in a straight-line path, light can pass through the pinhole, light does not pass through the
pinhole.
o The luminous body is: a lighted bulb, earth, moon, table.
o Umbra is a region of: complete darkness, partial darkness, complete brightness, partial brightness.
o Penumbra is a region of: complete darkness, complete brightness, partial brightness, none of the
above.
o Solar eclipse occurs on: every new moon’s day, certain new moon’s day, every full moon’s day, certain
full moon’s day.
o Lunar eclipse occurs on: every full moon’s night, certain full moon’s night, every new moon’s day,
certain new moon’s day.
Short/Long Answer Questions
1. What is light? Define it.
2. How does light make an object visible?
3. Name two natural sources of light.
4. List two artificial sources of light.
5. Differentiate between luminous and non-luminous bodies. Give two examples of each.
6. Is the moon a luminous object?
7. What do we call a body that shines on its own?
8. What do we call an electric bulb producing light?
9. What is a transparent medium? Give two examples.
10. Explain the difference between a transparent, translucent, and opaque medium. Give two examples of each.
11. What do we call a substance through which we cannot see light? Give an example.
12. What do we call a substance through which light passes? Give an example.
13. Can a transparent medium form an image? Explain your answer.
14. How can you obtain a point source of light?
15. Define the terms: a ray of light and a beam of light.
16. What do you mean by ‘rectilinear propagation of light’?
17. Describe an experiment to show that light travels in a straight-line path.
18. In which arrangement can you see the light of the bulb? Explain.
19. Name a simple application of the rectilinear propagation of light.
20. What is a pinhole camera? Draw a diagram to show the formation of an image.
21. Explain the formation of an image in a pinhole camera with a diagram.
22. State two factors that affect the size of the image formed in a pinhole camera.
23. Is the image obtained in a pinhole camera erect or inverted? Explain.
24. How is the image affected in a pinhole camera when another fine hole is made near the first pinhole?
25. State the effects on the image in a pinhole camera if:
i. The hole is made bigger.
ii. The luminous object is moved towards the pinhole.
iii. The length of the pinhole camera is increased.
26. What is a shadow? Give a reason for its formation.
27. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of a shadow by a point source of light. How is the size of the
shadow affected if the screen is moved away from the object?
28. State two differences between an umbra and a penumbra.
29. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of umbra alone.
30. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of umbra and penumbra.
31. In each diagram, draw rays to form umbra and penumbra on the screen.
32. State the conditions when only the penumbra of an opaque object is obtained on the screen.
33. Why don’t birds flying in the sky cast shadows on the earth?
34. Why are shadows at noon shorter than in the morning or evening?
35. What is an eclipse? Name its two types.
36. When does a lunar eclipse take place? Does it occur on every full moon’s night?
37. Draw a diagram to show the formation of a lunar eclipse.
38. When does a solar eclipse take place? Does it occur on every new moon’s day?
39. Draw a diagram to show the formation of a solar eclipse.
40. What is an annular solar eclipse? Draw a labelled diagram to show its formation.
Objective Questions
A. Fill in the Blanks:
1. The pinhole camera is based on the principle that light travels in ________.
2. For the formation of a ________, there must be an opaque body to obstruct the path of light.
3. The image formed in a pinhole camera is always ________.
4. An airplane flying ________ in the sky does not cast its shadow.
5. During a ________ eclipse, the shadow of the moon falls on the day side of Earth.
B. Correct the Statements:
1. An opaque body as a screen is not necessary in the formation of a shadow.
2. The image formed by a pinhole camera is always virtual and erect.
3. Solar eclipse takes place more frequently than the lunar eclipse.
4. The size of umbra increases as the opaque body is moved away from the screen.
5. Solar eclipse lasts longer than the lunar eclipse.
C. True or False:
1. Rays of light bend on entering a pinhole camera.
2. Lunar eclipse is caused on a new moon day.
3. Birds flying high in the sky do not cast their shadows.
4. Fluorescent tube lights are called shadow-less lights.
5. A solar eclipse lasts for a very small time as compared to a lunar eclipse.
D. Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Which of the following is not necessary for the formation of a shadow?
(a) A source of light
(b) An opaque object
(c) A screen
(d) A transparent object
2. The image formed by a pinhole camera is:
(a) Virtual and erect
(b) Real and inverted
(c) Virtual and inverted
(d) Real and erect
3. During a solar eclipse, the shadow of the ________ falls on the ________.
(a) Earth, Moon
(b) Moon, Earth
(c) Sun, Moon
(d) Earth, Sun
4. The region of partial shadow is called:
(a) Umbra
(b) Penumbra
(c) Antumbra
(d) None of these
5. A lunar eclipse occurs when:
(a) The Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon
(b) The Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth
(c) The Sun comes between the Earth and the Moon
(d) None of these
E. Match the Following:
Column A Column B
1. A dark patch formed behind an opaque body, when it is placed in the path of light. (a) Umbra
2. A kind of shadow where no ray of light enters. (b) Penumbra
3. A kind of shadow partially illuminated by light. (c) Shadow
4. Characteristics of image formed by a pinhole camera. (d) Lunar eclipse
5. A region of total darkness formed on the moon on full moon night. (e) Real and inverted
Study Questions
1. Briefly describe an experiment to prove that light travels in straight lines.
2. (a) What is the principle of a pinhole camera? (b) Draw a neat diagram of a pinhole camera showing the
formation of an image of a luminous object.
3. (a) What is a shadow? (b) What are the essential conditions for the formation of a shadow?
4. Differentiate between umbra and penumbra.
1. Explain the formation of a solar eclipse with the help of a diagram.
2. Explain the formation of a lunar eclipse with the help of a diagram.
3. Why don't birds flying high in the sky cast their shadows on the ground?
4. How does the size of the pinhole in a pinhole camera affect the image formed?
5. Why is the image formed by a pinhole camera inverted?
6. Describe the differences between a solar and a lunar eclipse.
7. How is the image formed in a pinhole camera affected when:
i. The distance of the screen from the pinhole increases.
ii. The distance of the object from the pinhole increases.
13. By drawing a neat diagram, show the formation of a shadow when the extended source of light is smaller than
the opaque body. How are the umbra and penumbra shadows affected when the screen is moved away from the
opaque body?
14. By drawing a neat diagram, show the formation of a shadow when the extended source of light is bigger than the
opaque body. How are the umbra and penumbra affected when the screen is moved away from the opaque body?
16. Why are fluorescent tube lights called shadowless lights?
17. (a) What is a solar eclipse? Support your answer with a neat diagram.
(b) Why does a solar eclipse last for a very small time?
(c) Why is a total solar eclipse not very frequent?
