EXAMPLES
Normal shock waves
Example(1) Air at a stagnation pressure of 700kPa and a stagnation temperature
of 530K enters a frictionless convergent-divergent nozzle as shown below. The
throat area is 5cm2 and the exit area is [Link] back pressure is
[Link]:
a) The Mach number at the exit.
b) The change in stagnation pressure.
c) Mx and My
d) The cross-sectional area where the shock occurs.
e) The back pressure if the flow were isentropic throughout.
Solution
1
2
Example(2)Air from a reservoir at 20C and 500kPa flows through a duct and
forms a normal shock downstream of the throat of area [Link] is found that the
stagnation pressure downstream of this shock exactly equals the throat pressure.
What is the area where the shock wave stands?
Solution
3
𝐴1
From isentropic table M1=2.43 = 2.47 , A1=2.47*10=24.7cm2
𝐴∗1
Example(3)Oxygen enters the converging section shown in Figure blow and a
normal shock occurs at the exit. The entering Mach number is 2.8 and the area
ratio A1/A2 = 1.7. Compute the overall static temperature ratio T3/T1 .
Solution
𝑇3 𝑇3 𝑇2 𝑇𝑂2 𝑇𝑂1
= × × ×
𝑇1 𝑇2 𝑇𝑂2 𝑇𝑂1 𝑇1
1
= 1.8835 × 0.5014 × 1 × = 2.43
0.3894
Example(4) Air enters a converging–diverging nozzle that has an overall
area ratio of 1.76.A normal shock occurs at a section where the area is
1.19 times that of the throat. Find the pressure ratio.
4
Solution
and
𝑃𝑜4
= 0.9233, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝑃𝑜3
𝑃5 𝑃5 𝑃𝑜5 𝑃04 𝑃03
= × × × =
𝑃𝑜1 𝑃𝑜5 𝑃04 𝑃03 𝑃𝑜1
0.9007 × 1 × 0.9233 × 1 = 0.832
