PRACTICAL NO 4
Study of Paragraph dialog box ,Borders and shading
Paragraph Formatting
Paragraph is a unit of text or other content that starts at the beginning of a
document, immediately after a hard return (a carriage return), a page break, or a
section break, or at the beginning of a table cell, header, footer, or list of footnotes
and ends with a hard return (carriage return) or at the end of a table cell. Word
documents generally contain paragraphs with different formatting. Even a very
simple document with a centered heading and a justified body contains paragraphs
with two different types of formatting.
Word's graphical user interface (GUI) provides ways to apply numerous formatting
options to your paragraphs. However, these options are not available in a single
location, and some of these locations differ in different versions of Word. For this
reason, this page is divided into the following sections, and the applicable options
are described in each section.
The Paragraph Group
The Paragraph Dialog Box
The Tabs Dialog Box
Keyboard Shortcuts
More Information
The Paragraph Group
Many options are available directly in the Paragraph group on the Home tab of
the Ribbon, in the Paragraph group on the Page Layout tab, and on the
contextual toolbar and menu that appear when you right-click within text.
Alignment
Alignment or justification refers to the way in which the lines of a paragraph are
aligned. There are four types of alignment, and the type of alignment of the
paragraph where your cursor is located is indicated by the highlighted button in
the Paragraph group on the Home tab.
With left alignment ( ) (the default), the left-hand ends of all the lines in
the paragraph are aligned along the left-hand margin of the text area.
With center alignment ( ), the mid-points (centers) of all the lines in the
paragraph are aligned along the same imaginary vertical line at the
center of the text area between the margins.
With right alignment ( ), the right-hand ends of all the lines in the
paragraph are aligned along the right-hand margin of the text area.
With justified alignment or full justification ( ), all the lines in the
paragraph, except the last line, are extended so that the left-hand end of
each line is aligned along the left-hand margin of the text area, the right-
hand end of each line is aligned along the right-hand margin of the text
area, and the lines are all of the same length. This is achieved by
inserting additional space between words.
You can change the type of alignment of the paragraph where your cursor is
located or of a group of selected paragraphs by clicking the applicable button in
the Paragraph group on the Home tab.
Note. When you apply justified alignment to a paragraph, the last line does not
extend across the full width of the text area. You can make all the lines in a
paragraph extend across the full width of the text area by placing your cursor
within the paragraph and pressing Ctrl+Shift+J, but it should be mentioned that in
this case Word also adds space between letters within words to extend the lines.
Line Spacing
Line spacing refers to the vertical distance between the lines within a paragraph
and determines the location of each line relative to the line above it. Line spacing
can be specified by name (single, 1.5 lines, double), by a number that indicates a
multiple of single spacing (for example, 2.0 is equivalent to double spacing), and
by an exact distance in points, where a point (pt) is equal to 1/72 of an inch. You
can quickly view and change the line spacing to several common standard values
by clicking the Line Spacing button ( ) in the Paragraph group on
the Home tab. More line spacing options become available when you click Line
Spacing Options to open the Paragraph dialog box
