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Taxon
S. No. Features
Porifera Cnidaria/Coelenterata Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Aschelminthes Annelida Arthropoda Mollusca Echinodermata Hemichordata
(Pore bearers) (Nettle bearing) (Comb bearers) (Flatworms) (Roundworms) (Segmented worms) (Joint footed animals) (Soft bodied animals) (Spiny-skinned animals) (Acorn worms)
1. Habit and Habitat All aquatic (Marine/Fresh All aquatic, marine/fresh water Exclusively marine Parasitic/free living; marine/fresh Parasitic/freeliving; marine/fresh water; Marine/fresh water/terrestrial Marine/fresh water/terrestrial Terrestrial/marine/fresh water Exclusively marine Exclusively marine
water) water/Terrestrial terrestrial
2. Level of Organisation Cellular Tissue Tissue Organ Organ - system Organ - system Organ - system Organ - system Organ - system Organ - system
3. Body Plan Cell Aggregate Blind Sac Blind Sac Blind Sac Tube within tube Tube within tube Tube within tube Tube within tube Tube within tube Tube within tube
[Protostomic] [Protostomic] [Protostomic] [Deuterostomic] [Deuterostomic]
4. Symmetry Mostly asymmetrical but Mostly radial, sometimes Biradial Radial/Biradial Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Larva [Bilateral] Bilateral
radial symmetry in Sycon [Adamsia] Symmetry is lost in adult gastropods due to Adults [Radial]
torsion
5. Germ Layer Diploblastic Diploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic
-
6. Body Cavity Paragastric cavity or Gastro-vascular cavity or coelenteron Branched gastro-vascular cavity Acoelomate [solid mesoderm] Pseudocoelomate [Blastocoel persists] Eucoelomate Eucoelomate Eucoelomate Eucoelomate Eucoelomate
spongocoel [Schizocoelomate] [Schizocoelomate] [Schizocoelomate] [Enterocoelomate] [Enterocoelomate]
7. Segmentation Pseudosegmentation in Tapeworm - Segmented Segmented Segmentation in Neopilina
- - - - -
8. Digestive System Intracellular digestion Incomplete digestive tract [intra cellular Incomplete digestive tract [intra as well Incomplete digestive tract Complete (Extracellular digestion) Complete (extracellular) Complete (extracellular) Complete (extracellular) Complete (extracellular) Complete (extracellular)
as well as extracellular digestion] as extracellular digestion] [extracellular digestion] [Presence of Radula in buccal cavity] Incomplete in Brittle star [Ophiura]
[Alimentary canal absent in
Tapeworms]
9. Respiration Body surface Body surface Body surface Body surface Body surface Cutaneous, Gills Tracheal system, Gills Pulmonary sac, Gills Gills
Books gills Ctenidia [feather-like gills]
Books lungs Body surface
10. Circulation Water Water Water Parenchymatous Pseudocoelomic Closed [open in class Hirudinea] Open Open or [Closed in Cephalopods] Open [Haemal and perihaemal systems) Open
11. Excretion General body surface General body surface General body surface Flame cells/protonephridia Renette cell [H-shaped] Nephridia Malpighian tubules Organ of Bojanus; Proboscis gland
Green/Antennary glands Keber's organ/pericardial gland [in Unio];gills -
Coxal gland
12. Nervous System Primitive and network like Primitive and network like (Apolar Simple Ladder like Circumpharyngeal nerve ring with Paired, ventral, solid nerve cords and Paired, ventral, solid nerve cord and Paired ganglia, connectives and Ring nerve and radial nerves Network like
- [Apolar neurons] neurons) nerves anterior nerve ring anterior nerve ring commissures
13. Receptors Statocyst [in free swimming forms] Statocyst [in free swimming forms] Photoreceptors Papillae : Touch receptors Photoreceptors, Tactile receptors & Eyes : Photoreceptors Ospharidium : Chemoreceptor Neurosensory cells
- Amphids : Olfacto/Taste receptors chemoreceptors Antenna : Proprio and olfactoreceptor Eyes : Photoreceptor -
Phasmids : Chemo receptor [Ommatophore]
14. Reproduction Asexual: Gemmule formation Asexual : External budding Bisexual Mostly bisexual, Schistosoma Unisexual Mostly bisexual, Nereis [unisexual] Unisexual Unisexual or Unisexual, Unisexual,
in Spongilla; Fragmentation; Unisexual or bisexual. External Fertilization [Unisexual] Internal fertilization External [Nereis] or internal Internal fertilization bisexual External Fertilization External fertilization
Bisexual External Fertilization Internal fertilization fertilization [leech] External or internal fertilization [in terrestrial
Internal fertilization forms]
15. Development Indirect : • Direct [Hydra] Indirect (Cydippid larva) Direct [Planaria] Indirect [Fasciola, Direct in C.elegans Direct [Earthworm] or Direct (spider) or Indirect (mosquito) Direct or Indirect, various larvae Indirect
• Parenchymula larva • Indirect (Planula larva) Taenia] Indirect microfilariae [Wuchereria] Indirect (Trochophore larva in Nereis) Various larvae Indirect: Trochophore Asterias: Bipinnaria (Tornaria larva)
[Leucosolenia] [Solid] Rhabditiform [Ascaris] Veliger(Pila), Glochidium (Unio) Ophiura: Ophiopluteus
• Amphiblastula larva Filariform [Ancylostoma] [ectoparasite on fish gills]
[Sycon] [Hollow]
16. Skeleton Endoskeleton Exoskeleton (e.g., corals) Exoskeleton [chitinous cuticle] Calcareous shell present Endoskeleton
Calcareous or Silicious External : Mostly Calcareous ossicles
spicules and Spongin fibres - - - - Internal : Sepia -
Absent : Octopus
17. Distinctive Feature(s) Presence of choanocytes Presence of cnidoblasts (stinging cells) Presence of colloblasts [lasso cells] Flat body, suckers and hooks in Muscular pharynx • Clitellum for cocoon formation • Presence of jointed appendages Calcareous shell: secreted by Mantle Water vascular system or Ambulacral Also called 'Tongue' or Acorn worm
[collar cells]; Archeocytes Interstitial cells [Totipotent] 8 ciliated comb plates, parasites. Only longitudinal muscles fibres in [earthworm, leech] • Metamorphosis in insects Presence of ink glands in cephalopods system [modified coelom] Body divided into proboscis, collar & trunk
[Totipotent], Pinacocytes, Polymorphism Bioluminescence High power of regeneration body wall • Parapodia for locomotion [Nereis] • Moulting [Ecdysis] with help of Jet propulsion in cephalopods Haemal & Perihaemal system [modified Connecting link between non chordates &
ostia, osculum, Two body forms: Only free swimming forms [Planaria] Syncytial epidermis • Epitoke [with gonads] & Atoke [without ecdysone Pearl formation [e.g., Pinctada] coelom] chordates
Canal system • Polyp = Cylindrical, sessile, Commonly called comb jellies or sea Males are shorter than females in gonads] in Heteronereis • Mouth parts in insects Segmentation present in Neopilina Presence of spines and Pedicellariae Trunk:
asexually reproducing. walnuts Ascaris • Heteronereis [sexually mature form of • Connecting link between annelida Neopilina : Connecting link between [cutting apparatus] Brachiogenital
• Medusa = Umbrella like free Nereis] & arthropoda : Peripatus [walking Annelida & mollusca, a living fossil Autotomy in star fish Hepatic
swimming, sexually reproducing worm] Evisceration in Cucumaria Abdominal
• Metagenesis [Obelia, Physalia] • Limulus [King or Horse shoe crab] Aristotle's lantern in sea urchin
= a living fossil
• Coral reef-mainly in Anthozoa
18. Important Examples Sycon : Crown Hydra : Fresh water polyp Pleurobrachia : Sea goose-berry Planaria : Dugesia Ascaris : Round worm Pheretima : North Indian earthworm Palaemon : Prawn Pila : Apple snail Asterias : Starfish Balanoglossus: Tongue worm
[Scypha] sponge Physalia : Portuguese man of war Fasciola : Liver fluke in Ancylostoma : Hook worm Nereis : Clam/sand worm Lepisma : Silver fish Chiton/Chaetopleura Ophiura : Brittle star Saccoglossus: Tongue worm
Obelia : Sea fur Hormiphora : Sea walnut Enterobius : Pin worm Hirudinaria : Leech Locusta : Locust Echinus : Sea urchin
Euplectella : Venus flower hepatica sheep
Aurelia : Jelly fish Wuchereria : Filarial worm Chaetopterus : Paddle worm Palamneus : Scorpion Aplysia : Sea hare Cucumaria : Sea cucumber
basket Schistosoma : Blood fluke of
Gorgonia : Sea fan Cestum : Venus girdle Aphrodite : Sea mouse Culex,Aedes,Anopheles : Mosquitoes Unio : Fresh water mussel Antedon : Sea lily
Hyalonema : Glass rope Pennatula : Sea pen Ctenoplana man Apis : Honey bee Pinctada : Pearl oyster
sponge Adamsia : Sea anemone Taenia : Pork tape Bombyx : Silk worm Ostrea : Oyster
Chalina : Dead man's Corallium : Red coral Beroe : Swimming eye of cat solium worm Laccifer : Lac insect Sepia : Cuttle fish
finger Meandrina : Brain coral Taenia : Beef tape Octopus : Devil fish
Spongilla : Fresh water saginata worm Nautilus : Tiger shell
sponge Dentalium : Elephant tusk shell
Euspongia : Bath sponge
Cliona : Boring
sponge
