Understanding Visual
Information: figure, graphs,
tables, and diagrams
By group 4
Titin Hajri
Musfera Nara Vadia
Resky Jafri
A. Figure
There are two types of figures
Two-dimensional figures
A two-dimensional figure is a plan figure. It has length and width. Poligons are
closed plan figures that have three or more line segments called sides, and
angles.
A circle is not a polygon becuse it does not have straight sides.
Three-dimensional figures
Three-dimensional figures is a solid figure. It has length, width, and height.
o A face is flat side
o Two faces meet at an edge.
o A vertex is where three or more faces meet.
A. Figure
Figures are visual presentations of results. They come in the
form of graphs, charts, drawings, photos, or maps.
Figures provide visual impact and can effectively
communicate your primary finding. Traditionally, they are
used to display trends and patterns of relationship, but they
can also be used to communicate processes or display
complicated data simply. Figures should not duplicate the
same information found in tables and vice versa.
Two-dimensional figure Three-dimensional figure
B. Graph
Graphs: Every graph is a figure but not every figure is a
graph.
Graphs are a particular set of figures that display
quantitative relationships between variables.
Some of the most common graphs include bar charts,
frequency histograms, pie charts, scatter plots, and line
graphs, each of which displays trends or relationships within
and among datasets in a different way.
Some of the most common graphs.
Pie Charts: Pie charts are used to
show relative proportions,
specifically the relationship of a
number of parts to the whole. Use
pie charts only when the parts of the
pie are mutually exclusive
categories and the sum of parts
adds up to a meaningful whole
(100% of something). Pie charts are
good at showing “big picture”
relationships (i.e. some categories
make up “a lot” or “a little” of the
whole thing).
Some of the most common graph.
Bar Graphs: Bar graphs are also used to
display proportions. In particular, they
are useful for showing the relationship
between independent and dependent
variables, where the independent
variables are discrete (often nominal)
categories. Bar graphs can be vertical or
horizontal. In a vertical bar graph the
independent variable is shown on the x
axis (left to right) and the dependent
variable on the y axis (up and down). In
a horizontal one, the dependent
variable will be shown on the horizontal
(x) axis, the independent on the vertical
(y) axis.
Some of the most common graph
XY scatter plots: Scatter plots are
another way to illustrate the
relationship between two
variables. In this case, data are
displayed as points in an x,y
coordinate system, where each
point represents one observation
along two axes of
variation. Often, scatter plots are
used to illustrate correlation
between two variables—as one
variable increases, the other
increases (positive correlation) or
decreases (negative correlation).
Some of the most common graph.
XY line graphs: Line
graphs are similar to
scatter plots in that they
display data along two
axes of variation. Line
graphs, however, plot a
series of related values
that depict a change in
one variable as a
function of another, for
example, world
population
(dependent) over time
(independent).
C. Tables
Tables present lists of numbers or text in columns and can be
used to synthesize existing literature, to explain variables, or to
present the wording of survey questions.
They are also used to make a paper or article more readable by
removing numeric or listed data from the text. Tables are
typically used to present raw data, not when you want to show
a relationship between variables.
…..
Elements of a table include the Legend or Title, Column Titles, and the Table Body
(quantitative or qualitative data). They may also include subheadings and
footnotes.
Title: Tables are headed by a number followed by a clear, descriptive title or
caption.
Column titles: The goal of column headings is to simplify and clarify the
table, allowing the reader to understand the components of the table
quickly. Therefore, column titles should be brief and descriptive and should
include units of analysis.
Table body: This is where your data are located, whether they are numerical
or textual. Again, organize your table in a way that helps the reader
understand the significance of the data.
C. Tables
Tables should be:
Centered on the page.
Numbered in the order they appear in the text.
Referenced in the order they appear in the text.
Labeled with the table number and descriptive title above
the table.
Labeled with column and/or row labels that describe the
data, including units of measurement.
Set apart from the text itself; text does not flow around the
table.
Example of Table
Diagrams
Diagram or Diagrammatica offers a collection of graphic images that present
theoretical arguments via their visual and spatial structure.
Bibliography
http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/figures-and-charts/
