CH-7 ( COORDINATE GEOMETRY)

DISTANCE FORMULA :

The distance between any two points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is given by
AB =  x 2  x1 2   y 2  y1 2 or AB = difference of absicssae 2  difference of ordinates 2
Distance of a point from origin
The distance of a point P(x, y) from origin O is given by OP = x 2  y 2
NOTE : 1. Any point on x-axis is in form (x,0). 2. Any point on y-axis is in form (0,y).
3. Dist. of point P(x , y) from x-axis is y units & from y-axis is x units.
For e.g. : Find the dist. of point P(2,-3) form x-axis & y-axis.
Sol. : Dist. of point P(2,-3) from x-axis : 3 units , Dist. of point P(2,-3) from y-axis : 2 units

Problems based on geometrical figure :

1. Parallelogram – opposite sides are equal and the diagonals are not equal.
2. Rectangle – opposite sides are equal and the diagonals are equal.
3. Rhombus – four sides are equal and the diagonals are not equal.
4. Square – four sides are equal and the diagonals are equal.
5. Isosceles triangle – Any two sides are equal.
6. Equilateral triangle – All three sides are equal.
7. Right triangle – Sides of triangle satisfies Pythagoras theorem.

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Q1. Show that the points (1, 7), (4, 2), (–1, –1) and (– 4, 4) are the vertices of a square.
Solution : Let A(1, 7), B(4, 2), C(–1, –1) and D(– 4, 4) be the given points.
AB = 1  42  7  22  9  25  34 BC = 4  12  2  12  25  9  34

CD =  1  4 2   1  4 2  9  25  34 DA = 1  4 2  7  4 2  25  9  34

AC = 1  12  7  12  4  64  68 BD = 4  42  2  42  64  4  68

Since, AB = BC = CD = DA and AC = BD, all the four sides of the quadrilateral ABCD are equal
and its diagonals AC and BD are also equal. Therefore, ABCD is a square.
Q2. Find a point on the y-axis which is equidistant from the points A(6, 5) and B(– 4, 3).
Solution : We know that a point on the y-axis is of the form (0, y). So, let the point P(0, y) be
equidistant from A and B. Now , Dist. PA= Dist. PB
0  6 2   y  5 2  0   4 2   y  3 2
36  y 2  25  10 y  16  y 2  9  6 y (By squaring both sides)
61 - 10y = 25 - 6y  4y = 36  y = 9
Required point is (0,9)

Questions for practice

 
1. If A 3, 3 , B 0 ,0  & C 3, k  are vertices of equilateral triangle, then find value of k & its perimeter..
2. If A 4 ,  2 , B 7 ,  2  & C 7 ,9  are the vertice of a ABC then what kind of triangle it is.
3. Show that the points A(1, –3), B(13, 9), C(10, 12) and D(–2, 0) are vertices of a rectangle.
4. Show that the points A(1, 0), B(5, 3), C(2, 7) and D(–2, 4) are vertices of a rhombus.
5. Prove that the points A(–2, –1), B(1, 0), C(4, 3) and D(1, 2) are vertices of a parallelogram.
6. Find the point on x-axis which is equidistant from (7, 6) and (–3, 4).
7. Find the values of y for which the distance between the points P(2, – 3) and Q(10, y) is 10 units.
8. If the point A (2, – 4) is equidistant from P (3, 8) and Q (–10, y), find the values of y. Also find
Distance PQ.
9. Find the distance of the point P (2, -3) from the x-axis .
10. Point A(-1,y) & B(5,7) lie on a circle with center O(2,-3y). Find value of y.
11. Prove that the points (3,0) , (6,4) & ( -1, 3) are vertices of isosceles triangle.

Section formula :
The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment joining the points A  x1 , y1  and

 m1 x2  m2 x1 m1 y2  m2 y1 
B  x2 , y2  , internally, in the ratio m1 :m2 are : P(x, y) =  , 
 m1  m2 m1  m2 

Mid-point formula :
The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which is the midpoint of the line segment joining the points
 x1  x2 y1  y2 
A  x1 , y1  and B  x2 , y2  , are : p(x , y) :  , 
 2 2 

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Q. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line segment joining the points (4, – 3) and
(8, 5) in the ratio 3 : 1 internally.
Solution : Let P(x, y) be the required point.
m1 x2  m2 x1 m1 y 2  m2 y1
Using the section formula, x  m1  m2
, y
m1  m2 ,
38  14  35  1 3
we get , x=  7 , y= 3 Therefore, (7, 3) is the required point.
3 1 3 1
Q : In what ratio does the point (– 4, 6) divide the line segment joining the points A(– 6, 10) and
B(3, – 8)?
Solution : Let (– 4, 6) divide AB internally in the ratio k : 1.
m1 x2  m2 x1 m1 y 2  m2 y1 k  8  110
Using the section formula, x  , y we get y  6
m1  m2 m1  m2 , k 1
2
  8k  10  6k  6  8k  6k  6  10  14k  4  k 
7
Therefore, the point (– 4, 6) divides the line segment joining the points A(– 6, 10) and B(3, – 8) in
the ratio 2 : 7.
Q. If A and B are (– 2, – 2) and (2, – 4), respectively, find the coordinates of P such that
3
AP = AB and P lies on the line segment AB. (V. Imp. Ques.)
7
AP 3
Sol. : Given :   AP  3 k , AB  7 k , NOw, AP+PB=AB  3k+PB=7k
AB 7
which gives, PB= 4k,
therefore AP/PB= 3/4  AP : PB = 3 : 4
Now Let P(x,y).
32   4 2  3 4   4 2 
Now using section formula, x , y
3 4 3 4
2  20   2  20 
x , y ,  P  x, y    , 
7 7  7 7 
 Questions for Practice
1. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the join of (–1, 7) and (4, –3) in the ratio 2 : 3.
2. Find the coordinates of the points of trisection (i.e., points dividing in three equal parts) of the
line segment joining the points A(2, – 2) and B(– 7, 4).
3. Find the ratio in which the y-axis divides the line segment joining the points (5, – 6) and
(–1, –4). Also find the point of intersection.
4. Find the ratio in which the line segment joining the points (– 6, 10) and (3, – 8) is divided by
(–4, 6).
5. Find the ratio in which the line segment joining A(1, – 5) and B(– 4, 5) is divided by the x-axis.
Also find the coordinates of the point of division.
6. Find the coordinates of the points which divide the line segment joining A(– 2, 2) and B(2, 8)
into four equal parts.
7. If the points A(6, 1), B(8, 2), C(9, 4) and D(p, 3) are the vertices of a parallelogram, taken in
order, find the value of p.
8. If (1, 2), (4, y), (x, 6) and (3, 5) are the vertices of a parallelogram taken in order, find x and y.
9. If P (9a – 2, –b) divides line segment joining A (3a + 1, –3) and B (8a, 5) in the ratio 3 : 1, find
the values of a and b.
10. If (a, b) is the mid-point of the line segment joining the points A (10, –6) and B (k, 4) and a – 2b
= 18, find the value of k and the distance AB.
11. The centre of a circle is (2a, a – 7). Find the values of a if the circle passes through the
point (11,–9) and has diameter 10 2 units.
12. The line segment joining the points A (3, 2) and B (5,1) is divided at the point P in the ratio 1:2
and it lies on the line 3x – 18y + k = 0. Find the value of k.
13. Find the coordinates of the point R on the line segment joining the points P (–1, 3) and Q (2, 5)
3
such that PR = PQ. ([Link]. Ques.)
5
14. Find the ratio in which the line 2x + 3y – 5 = 0 divides the line segment joining the points (8, –9)
and (2, 1). Also find the coordinates of the point of division.
15. The mid-points D, E, F of the sides of a triangle ABC are (3, 4), (8, 9) and (6, 7). Find the
coordinates of the vertices of the triangle.
16. Find the area of a rhombus if its vertices are (3, 0), (4, 5), (– 1, 4) and (– 2, – 1) taken inorder.
[Hint : Area of a rhombus =1/2(product of its diagonals)]
17. If the point P (2, 1) lies on the line segment joining points A (4, 2) and B (8, 4), then
(a) AP = 1/3AB (b) AP = PB (c) PB = 1/3AB (d) AP = 1/2AB
18. A line intersects the y-axis and x-axis at the points P and Q, respectively. If (2, –5) is the midpoint
of PQ, then the coordinates of P and Q are, respectively.