In the modern era, mathematics has expanded far beyond its classical roots to encompass a wide
range of disciplines and applications. The 18th and 19th centuries witnessed the rise of pure
mathematics, with figures like Carl Friedrich Gauss, Évariste Galois, and Bernhard Riemann exploring
topics such as number theory, group theory, and differential geometry. These developments laid the
groundwork for modern physics and the study of spacetime. The 20th century brought an explosion
of mathematical innovation, with the advent of computer science, game theory, and cryptography.
Mathematicians like Alan Turing, John von Neumann, and Kurt Gödel transformed fields ranging from
logic to computation, influencing everything from artificial intelligence to cybersecurity. Today,
mathematics continues to evolve, serving as the foundation for advancements in technology, data
analysis, and the exploration of the universe. It remains a universal language, uniting cultures and
disciplines in the quest to understand and solve the mysteries of existence.