ORIGINAL RESEARCH

published: 13 July 2022

doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.926301

Indoor Color and Space Humanized

Design Based on Emotional Needs
Yunkai Xu 1 and Shan Wu 2, 3*
1
School of Textile Apparel and Design, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, China, 2 Faculty of Art Design, Guangdong
Baiyun University, Guangzhou, China, 3 Graduate School, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea

The increase in emotional consumption reflects the increased emotional appeal of people
in modern life. As a place for people’s daily life and consumption, the indoor environment
has been regarded as a symbol of quality of life and esthetic taste. The purpose of this
paper is to study how to analyze and study the color factor and space humanization in
interior design based on emotional needs, and describe the neural network. This paper
puts forward the problem of emotional needs, which is based on the neural network
model, and then elaborates on its concept and related algorithms, and designs and
analyzes the case design and analysis of the humanized design of interior color and space
based on emotional needs. The experimental results show that in the evaluation of the
emotional needs of indoor environment users, the emotional needs of users for the three
Edited by:
Deepak Kumar Jain,
levels are all above 3.00. Users have the highest emotional needs at the usage level,
Chongqing University of Posts and reaching 4.24. It shows that users pay more attention to the practical value of the indoor
Telecommunications, China
environment, and hope to obtain a pleasant emotional experience by meeting the needs
Reviewed by:
of practical value.
Peilin Chen,
China University of Labor Relations, Keywords: emotional needs, interior design, design color, space humanization, neural network model interior
China space design
Jun Zheng,
Baotou Teachers’ College, China
Kangjie Sun,
Shanghai Jiaotong University, China INTRODUCTION
*Correspondence:
Shan Wu The indoor environment has the dual properties of material and spirit. In modern society,
[Link]@[Link] with the increase of work pressure, the alienation of interpersonal relationships, and the
weakening of human emotions, people’s emotions need a channel for relaxation, liberation,
Specialty section: and satisfaction. People are no longer satisfied that the interior environment only focuses on
This article was submitted to meeting functional needs but are more concerned about whether the interior environment
Human-Media Interaction, can meet spiritual and emotional needs.
a section of the journal
How to design a better interior decoration space and express people’s needs for indoor use
Frontiers in Psychology
at the current stage is the problem discussed in this paper. Starting from people’s psychological
Received: 22 April 2022 and behavioral needs, this paper analyzes the relationship between people’s emotional needs
Accepted: 16 June 2022
and interior design. In order to explore the relationship between indoor space and psychological
Published: 13 July 2022
behavior, the color of the design and the humanization of the space have a great impact on
Citation:
the satisfaction of users’ emotional needs. This provides a theoretical reference for interior
Xu Y and Wu S (2022) Indoor Color
and Space Humanized Design Based
decoration, summarizes the expression skills and design factors in the feeling, and improves
on Emotional Needs. the practical significance of the feeling and design.
Front. Psychol. 13:926301. The innovation of this paper is: (1) this paper combines emotional needs with artificial
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.926301 neural networks, and introduces the theory and related methods of neural network in detail.

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Xu and Wu Space Humanized Design

(2) In the face of the emotional needs of the occupants, this factors in multimedia learning research. However, his content
paper analyzes the degree of emotional needs of the occupants is not detailed enough. Sun (2022) introduces neural network
in the indoor environment. Through the evaluation of the modules such as 3D spatial convolutional (3DSC) neural networks
experimental results, it is concluded that in the interior and fuzzy neural networks (FNN), and a deep learning algorithm
environment design, when the designer chooses the color, the of indoor spatial layout design (ISLD) based on the adversarial
first thing to understand is the relationship between the color neural network (ANN) is formed. Zeng and Wang (2017)
and the feeling. Reasonable color matching will make people analyzed and summarized the emotional factors of products
feel positive emotions. Therefore, the first principle of using on the basis of previous research in order to help use the
color in different interior environment designs is to meet the progressive relationship in product design to deepen the four
needs of users. levels of emotional application, and summarized the
manifestations of product emotional design. Based on the above
analysis, the four design levels involved in the realization of
RELATED WORK emotional design products and the hierarchical relationship
between the four levels are summarized. However, his innovation
Emotional needs belong to the spiritual level, and it is a process is not enough. For the relatively special field of industrial
of gaining a sense of identity psychologically. Design is always robots, Zhang et al. (2019) present a novel learning-based
accompanied by the dual qualities of material and spiritual, framework for video content-based advertising, DeepLink, which
and the space combines the dual functions of emotion and aims at linking Sitcom-stars and online shops with clothing
material. Uzun and Yldrm (2018) customized a simplified retrieval by using state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural
version of the popular numerical reasoning game Sudoku, to networks (CNNs).
study the effects of scaffolding demonstrations plus reward
mechanisms on problem-solving behaviors and actions aimed
at leveling up. The results show that the reward mechanism A NEURAL NETWORK-BASED
promotes independent problem solving rather than relying on APPROACH TO EMOTIONAL NEEDS
scaffolds, and the addition of scaffolds and reward mechanisms
encourages experienced players to create new rules, overcome Hierarchy of Emotional Needs
the limitations of existing rules, and develop more complex Emotional Needs
learning strategies. He discusses the need to carefully design Emotion is a value judgment system of people. It judges the
the types of scaffolding presentations for specific instructional good or bad or safety and danger of things and the environment
purposes, and the potential benefits teachers can have in from the true state of people, and makes people produce
analyzing the difficulties individual students face in solving corresponding behavioral responses to seek advantages and
numerical problems. However, his design is not innovative avoid disadvantages. Both positive and negative emotions are
enough. Swasty and Adriyanto (2017) aimed to examine the essential to help people survive better. Introducing emotions
effects of incorporating different emotional design approaches into contemporary design concepts and grasping and using
into multimedia on positive emotions, mental engagement, and human emotions in design can create more humanized and
learning achievement (recall and transfer) among seventh-grade popular design works. The application of emotional design
middle school students. The results show that positive emotions theory in interior design is shown in Figure 1.
generally increase as the number of emotional design features
increases. However, his experiments have many factors. Jing
and Lv (2021) proposed a convolutional neural network model Color Expression
based on multicolor space and builds a convolutional neural Color is an important part of the visual design of a space,
network based on VGGNet (Visual Geometry Group Net) in especially for occupants who have a unique association with
three different color spaces, namely RGB (Red Green Blue), color. Different colors bring different psychological feelings to
LAB (Luminosity a b), and HSV (Hue Saturation Value) color the occupants. For example, seeing red is associated with the
spaces. When Okur (2020) touches consumer buying behavior sun, passion, tradition, and blood. Green is reminiscent of
through emotional design, he finds three important attributes: plants, lake water, environmental protection, and health. Different
emotion, reasoning, and perception. Then, as he further explains color combinations will also bring different psychological feelings,
emotional design, he touches on three levels of design: instinctual, and different color combinations will also change the atmosphere
behavioral, and reflective. To design something is to design of the entire room. Relatively speaking, the richer the color,
emotion, thereby creating vivid and symbolic images of high the more complex the spatial level (Cortés-Villalba et al., 2017).
artistic value. However, its practical significance is not large.
Le et al. (2018) used effort-related physiological measures (i.e., Lighting Expression
heart rate variability) to examine the impact of emotional Light sources are divided into natural light sources and artificial
design principles on an individual’s investment in mental effort. light sources. Artificial lighting is widely used in shopping
The findings are consistent with the affective mediation hypothesis malls. The function of lighting design is divided into three
of cognitive-affective media learning theory, suggesting the categories: basic lighting, accent lighting, and decorative lighting.
potential importance of including affective and motivational Among them, the basic lighting belongs to the top lighting,

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FIGURE 1 | The application of emotional design theory in interior design.

the position is high, and the light distribution is relatively in modern interior design. It can not only separate the space,
uniform, which is convenient for the overall environment of but also play the role of decorating the space. It is loved by
the projection space and meets the general lighting needs. It the majority of designers. Glass is generally transparent and
is the main way of lighting for public and transitional spaces. has a crystalline texture, which symbolizes purity. With the
Accent lighting is very bright and bright enough to grab people’s development of indoor technology, various anti-natural materials
attention at the same time, mainly for highlighting products. have appeared on the market, such as artificial stone, artificial
Compared with the first two kinds of decorative lighting, the wood, etc., even to the extent of being fake, but these artificial
lighting function is not so obvious; usually, the lamps have a materials have also become the main source of indoor air
decorative effect and play a role in decorating the indoor pollution. And natural materials are still irreplaceable in lives
atmosphere (Yu and Xiaoting, 2018). (Francisco and Garcia, 2020).

Modeling Expression Artificial Neural Network

Formal beauty needs to be reflected in space modeling. Formal Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have the ability to store
beauty is the cognition and formal generalization of beauty and use prior knowledge, and also have the ability to analyze
formed in long-term production labor and social life. If the emotional needs, such as self-adaptation, self-learning, parallel
esthetic sense of form is highlighted in the space design, it processing, nonlinearity, fault tolerance, and reasoning
will bring a more perfect visual and psychological experience capabilities. The good properties make neural networks very
to the audience. In the creation of formal beauty, the design suitable for dealing with inaccurate knowledge, such as emotional
needs to be combined with the functional layout, and on the needs analysis, mainly including causal relationships, where
premise of satisfying practical functions, explores the there may be contradictions and errors in the data (Thornquist,
psychological suggestion effect of space modeling on people’s 2017; Bao et al., 2021). In view of this, this paper applies
emotional experiences and psychological feelings (Stark artificial neural networks to emotional needs analysis system,
et al., 2018). connects emotional needs with neural networks, and establishes
emotional needs analysis system through sample training.
Expression of Material
In interior design, the choice of materials not only determines Biological Neural Network Model
the quality of the design, but also affects the visual and sensory No amount of material consumption can bring the emotional
effects of the space. Different materials bring different sensory pleasure obtained spiritually. Excessive material life will also
stimuli to people’s nature, and the texture, color, temperature, bring people a sense of emptiness and decadence. Paying
etc., of the materials will stimulate people’s different associations. attention to the combination of emotion and material and the
In this era of pursuing fashion and trends, fashionable materials happiness of life will be gradually satisfied. The indoor
can better cater to women’s psychology. environment is the place where people spend the most time
The impression of metal materials is usually cold, sharp, living, working, studying, and communicating. The expression
and extremely reflective, which symbolizes good quality. Different of interior design reflects their lifestyle and esthetic concept.
processing technologies make the material have different On the basis of functional requirements, the abstract emotional
properties. Glass is one of the more commonly used materials concept is integrated into the design to make it a perceptible

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Xu and Wu Space Humanized Design

form of expression to obtain the missing emotional needs. Z

X = [ X1,X 2 ,X 3 ,¼,X m ] (1)
This is a new demand for interior design, and it is also an
interior designer Content to be thoughtful about.
The basic structure of the human nervous system is the Defining the weight vector ɛ:
neuron (or nerve cell, as shown in Figure 2), which is the
most basic unit that transmits information to the human e = [e1,e 2 ,e 3 ,¼,e m ]
Z
(2)
body. According to the research data of neurobiologists, the
human brain usually has about 1,010–1,011 neurons (Qu and
Guo, 2019). Nerve cells in the human body are composed ϕ is the neuron’s threshold and θ(·) is the neuron’s activation
of three parts: cell body, axon, and neuron. Axes are used function. Then, the u neuron output vector is:
to output signals to other neurons, and since axes have many
nerve endings, many neurons can receive signals. Dendrites æM ö
are used to receive signals from other neurons. The cell body u = ç å X be b + j ÷ (3)
ç ÷
è b -1 ø
of a neuron is the equivalent of a computer’s CPU, which
processes the signals it receives and then extracts the signals
from the axis. The part of a neuron’s dendrites that connects
with the nerve endings of other neuronal axes is called Learning of Artificial Neural Network
a synapse. Error Correction Learning (Delta Rule)
Let yt ( m ) be the actual output of neuron t at time m when
x ( m ) is input, and dt ( m ) is the expected output, then the
Artificial Neuron Model
error signal is:
The basic unit of artificial neural network is called artificial
neuron, and its model is shown in Figure 3. It is similar to
et ( m ) = yt ( m ) - yt ( m ) (4)
a nonlinear thresholding device with multiple inputs and only
one output.
It has a set of connections, and the weight of each connection Error-corrected learning is based on the minimum value
is represented by a weight. If the weight is greater than zero, of the objective function et ( m ) , so the actual exit of each
the connection is opened, and the connection less than zero neuron to the neural network is statistically closer to the exit
is closed. of the sample.
It has a summation function to obtain the weighted sum The most commonly used objective function is the mean
of the input signals. squared error criterion, defined as:
Non-linear activation mode, commonly used activation
functions θ(·) are sigmoid function, piecewise linear function, æ1 ö
and threshold function, etc., and a threshold ϕ (or bias-θ). K = E ç ået2 ( m ) ÷ (5)
ç2 ÷
Defining the input vector for the neuron: è t ø

FIGURE 2 | Schematic diagram of neuron composition.

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Xu and Wu Space Humanized Design

FIGURE 3 | Basic neuron model.

Among them, E is the expectation operator. Because when There are two types of networks that apply this rule: discrete
K is used directly as the objective function, it is necessary to Hopfield networks and continuous Hopfield networks.
measure the properties of the whole process. To solve this
problem, we usually replace K with the instantaneous value Competitive Learning
f ( m ) of K at time m, namely: In the competitive learning of the network, each output unit
competes with each other, and finally only one of the strongest
1 can be activated. The rules are represented by the
f (m) = ået2 ( m )
2 t
(6)
following formula:

ìg ( xk - wki ) , If neuron k competes to win

Using the steepest gradient descent method, we get: ” wtk = í (10)
î 0, If neuron k fails to compete
Dwtk ( m ) = g ( m ) et ( m ) xk ( m ) (7)
When the environment in which the learning system is
located is stable (statistical features do not change over time),
Among them, g ( m ) > 0 is the learning step size. in theory, the statistical features of the environment can
The neural network model of this learning rule is very be learned through supervised learning. These statistical features
extensive, such as the simplest perceptron learning algorithm, can be used as an experience by the neural network to remember
which is also the most primitive application of neural network, that the environment is non-stationary (Vaidya and Kalita,
and the most classic application is the back-propagation learning 2021). Usually, supervised learning does not have the ability
algorithm, also known as the BP algorithm. to monitor such changes, and to solve this problem, the network
needs to have a certain adaptive ability.
Hebb Learning
Neuropsychologists believe that “when neurons on both ends BP Neural Network
of a synapse (connection) fire in synchrony (and activate or Interior design is to meet the special needs and emotional
inhibit), the strength of the connection should increase, and needs of some people in a targeted manner. Color and space
vice versa.” It is mathematically expressed as: are the core of space design. Different space types satisfy
different groups of people with the change of color. At present,
Dwtk ( m ) = G ( yt ( m ) ,xk ( m ) ) (8) the consumer groups targeted by interior design are mainly
young people who like romance and sentiment, and the middle
class who pay attention to the quality of life. Therefore, when
Among them, the states of neurons at both ends of wkj
designing emotional needs research, it is necessary to conduct
are yt ( m ) and xt ( m ) , and the most common cases are:
in-depth research and analysis on the psychological behavior
of consumer groups. The following is a brief analysis based
Dwtk ( m ) = g yt ( m ) xk ( m ) (9)
on the BP neural network.
The basic BP network algorithm includes two propagation
Since Dw is correlated with yt ( m ) and xt ( m ) , it is also directions: forward propagation of the input signal and backward
called correlation learning rule. propagation of the output error. That is, when calculating the

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actual network output, it is performed in the direction from The Back-Propagation Process of the Output Error
input to output, but the weights at each network level are calculated The input error propagation process first calculates the output
and reversed from output to input, as shown in Figure 4. error of each neuron layer from the output stage of the network
layer, and then adjusts the weights and thresholds of each
The Forward Propagation Process of the Input Signal neuron layer. According to the step-down method of failure
The input neta of the a-th node of the hidden layer of level, the final output of the modified network can be close
the network: to the expectation.
The standard function of quadratic error for each
N sample p is E p :
neta = åwab xb + ja (11)
b =1
1 L
å ( Z k - uk )
2
Ep = (15)
The output ya of the a-th node in the hidden layer of 2 k =1
the network:

æ N ö The function of the overall systematic error criterion for

ya = f ( neta ) = f ç åwab xb + ja ÷ (12) the training samples of P should be:
ç ÷
è b =1 ø
1 P L
( )
2
The input netk of the kth node of the network output layer: Ep = åå Z p - ukp
2 p =1k =1 k
(16)

q q æ N ö
netk = åwka ya + ik = åwkaf ç åwab xb + ja ÷ + ik (13)
ç ÷ According to the error gradient descent method, the
a =1 a =1 è b =1 ø
correction amount DWka of each weight value of the output
layer, the correction amount Dak of each threshold value of
The output uk of the kth node of the network output layer: the output layer, the correction amount DWab of each weight
value of the hidden layer, and the correction amount Dja
æ q ö of each threshold value of the hidden layer are
uk = g ( netk ) = g ç åwka ya + ik ÷ sequentially adjusted.
ç ÷
è a =1 ø
æ q æ N ö ö
= g ç åwkaf ç åwab xb + ja ÷ + ik ÷ (14) Dwka = - m
ÂE
; Dik = - m
ÂE
; Dwab = - m
ÂE
; Dj a = - m
ÂE
(17)
ç ç ÷ ÷
è a =1 è b =1 ø ø Âwka Âik Âwab Âj a

FIGURE 4 | BP neural network structure.

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EXPERIMENT OF INTERIOR COLOR Due to the constraints of research time and research funds,
AND SPACE HUMANIZED DESIGN the selection of research samples is limited to a certain extent.
The age group of the research objects is mostly young and
BASED ON EMOTIONAL NEEDS middle-aged, the education level is mainly undergraduate, and
According to the emotional need level of indoor environment the income level is mainly the group below 2,800 yuan.
users and the internal environment characteristics related to The results of the questionnaire are summarized, and the
emotional needs, the emotional need system of indoor data are processed to analyze the user’s emotional needs. Table 2
environment users is initially constructed, as shown in Figure 5. reflects the differences in the degree of emotional needs of
users at different levels in the internal environment. The order
is: emotional needs at the use level > emotional needs at the
Survey Questionnaire visual esthetic level > emotional needs at the reflection level.
A total of 198 sample questionnaires were collected in this From the above data, users have the highest emotional needs
survey, and multiple-choice responses to the questionnaire data at the usage level. Users pay more attention to the practical
or responses with less serious suspicions were all rejected. value of the indoor environment, and hope to obtain a pleasant
Among them, there were 198 valid questionnaires, and the emotional experience by meeting the needs of practical value.
recovery rate was 100%. The user’s emotional needs for the three levels are all above
The age is divided into three categories: under 24 years old, 3.00, and users generally have the above three levels of emotional
24–50 years old, and over 50 years old. needs. Therefore, it is reasonable to divide the user’s emotional
The income level (monthly income) is divided into three needs into three levels: use, visual esthetics, and reflection
categories: below 2,800 yuan, 2,800–5,000 yuan, and above (Tynynyka, 2019).
5,000 yuan.
The educational level is divided into three categories: high
school and below, junior college and undergraduate, and Emotional Needs
undergraduate and above. Next, we will analyze the evaluation of the user’s emotional
The composition of the research samples is presented in needs from different angles, as shown in Figure 6.
Table 1. Figure 6A reflects the correlation between changes in user
The collected questionnaires were used for data registration, age and changes in emotional needs. Ascan be seen from
analysis, and data classification, and SPSS14.0 software was Figure 6, as the user’s age increases, the degree of emotional
used for operation. needs increases in both the use level and the reflection level,

FIGURE 5 | The emotional demand system of indoor environment users.

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TABLE 1 | Basic information of the survey samples.

A
Category Classification Number of Proportion (%)
people (person)

Age Under 24 102 50.51

24–50 years old 54 27.27
Over 50 years old 42 21.21
Income level Below 2,800 yuan 111 56.06
(monthly 2,800–5,000 yuan 46 23.23
income) More than 5,000 yuan 41 20.71
Education High school and below 16 8.08
level College and 108 54.55
Undergraduate
Bachelor degree or 74 37.38
above

TABLE 2 | Evaluation of emotional needs of indoor environment users.

Emotional needs Sample size N Minimum Maximum Mean B

Use level 198 1.00 5.00 4.24

Visual esthetic level 198 1.00 5.00 4.02
Reflective level 198 1.00 5.00 3.96

while the visual esthetic level of emotional needs generally

shows a downward trend.
The aging of the user, the hearing loss, the weakening of
the sense of smell, the sluggishness of the senses, and the
slowness of movement that accompany the physical aging will
cause the inconvenience of movement. Older users pay more
attention to whether the emotional needs of the indoor
environment can be met, and they hope to obtain a good
emotional experience in the behavioral interaction in the
indoor environment.
The decline in the level of emotional need for visual C
esthetics in older users is related to visual deterioration
caused by aging. With age, changes in the user’s visual organs
cause visual impairment. The most significant change in
vision is the reduction in the diameter of the cornea, which
leads to hyperopia in the elderly. The light transmission
ability of the lens of the eye is obviously weakened and the
texture becomes hard, which makes the color vision of the
elderly deviated to a certain extent, it is difficult to identify
similar colors, and the ability to perceive the environment
deteriorates. The physiological changes of users limit their
access to pleasant visual experience through visual stimuli,
resulting in a decrease in the evaluation of emotional needs
at the visual esthetic level (Shin et al., 2020).
The age of users and the richness of life experience make
them pay more attention to the pleasure at the spiritual level,
hoping to obtain more pleasure from thinking in the indoor
environment, and their emotional needs at the reflection level FIGURE 6 | Evaluation of users’ emotional needs from different angles.
are constantly increasing. (A) Evaluation of emotional needs of users with different ages. (B) Evaluation
of the emotional needs of users with different incomes. (C) Evaluation of the
Figure 6B reflects the correlation between changes in users’ emotional needs of users with different educational levels.
income levels and the degree of emotional needs. It can be seen
from this that there is no obvious correlation between the
improvement of the user’s income level and the evaluation of of emotional needs at the visual esthetic level and reflection
the level of emotional needs at the user level, while the level level is increasing. For users with a good income level, when

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the material needs are better satisfied, they should pay more
attention to the esthetic value of the indoor environment. A
Whether the indoor environment can meet own esthetic needs,
showing own identity, hobbies, status, and other characteristics
is placed in an increasingly important position, and it is hoped
that it will have a pleasant feeling in the process of satisfying
esthetic needs.
Figure 6C reflects the correlation between users’ educational
level and changes in emotional needs. The improvement of
the user’s education level is positively correlated with the level
of emotional needs at the reflection level, and the users with
higher education level pay more attention to the satisfaction
of the spiritual needs of the indoor environment. The correlation
between users’ educational level and emotional needs at the
level of use and visual esthetics is not clear.
According to the survey results, Figure 7 shows the user’s
evaluation of the importance of indoor features at different levels.
According to the survey results, Figure 7A reflects the user’s
B
evaluation of the role of the indoor features “comfort,” “privacy,”
“safety,” and “efficacy” at the usage level in meeting emotional
needs. The order is: comfort > efficacy > privacy > security.
The “safety” feature should be the most basic feature of
the indoor environment. However, from the results of the user’s
evaluation of the importance of the use-level features, the
“safety” feature ranks last in the importance of meeting the
user’s emotional needs. There should be a neglected situation
regarding the role of the user’s “safety” feature in meeting the
emotional needs at the user level. Based on this result, the
author conducted a return visit to some users who rated the
importance of the “safety” feature as low. The results show
that this part of the research subjects are generally relatively
young, and their good physiological condition makes their
activities in the indoor environment without too many dangers
and difficulties. And they believe that “safety” should be one
of the most basic characteristics of the indoor environment, C
and no special emphasis is needed. The “safety” feature does
not have a strong effect on the emotional stimulation of such
users, so they do not have a high evaluation of the importance
of the “safety” feature in the indoor environment (Erol and
Basar, 2021).
However, designers should not ignore the important role
of “safety” in meeting the emotional needs of users when
designing. The guarantee of “safety” in the indoor environment
is the prerequisite for the realization of the other three features.
It is difficult to imagine that users can obtain higher work
efficiency, comfort, privacy, and pleasant emotional experience
in an environment that feels “unsafe.” The “safety” feature
stimulates the user’s sense of security and control, which enables
the user to gain the courage and confidence to move and
“explore” in the indoor environment.
The “comfort” feature plays the strongest role in meeting
the emotional needs at the user level, and the user’s comfort
is often achieved through the satisfaction of physiological needs. FIGURE 7 | Evaluation of the importance of indoor features at
The materials that come into contact with the user in the different levels. (A) Evaluation of the importance of indoor features at the
indoor environment, the physical environment, and the size usage level. (B) Evaluation of the importance of indoor features at
the level. (C) Evaluation of the importance of indoor features at the
of the furniture will affect the user’s physiological state to
reflection level.
varying degrees. When designing, designers should take the

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Xu and Wu Space Humanized Design

stimulation of users’ comfortable physiological feelings as a conducive to allowing users to create delicious stimulation
key consideration to meet the emotional needs of users. through contact and feel a warm dining environment. Considering
Figure 7B reflects the user’s evaluation of the importance the practicality, since the kitchen is an environment with a
of “richness,” “orderliness,” and “novelty” indoor features that fire source, in the color matching process, it should be considered
meet the emotional needs of visual esthetics, and the order that it affects the user’s feeling through color, and use medium
is novelty > richness > orderliness. and high brightness colors for logical color matching.
Figure 7C reflects the user’s evaluation of the role of “cultural,” As a more private setting than the bedroom—the bathroom,
“individualized,” and “fashionable” indoor characteristics at the which is usually smaller and mostly cool toned. Using brighter
reflective level in meeting the emotional needs of the reflective colors in smaller spaces can produce wider views and brighter
level, and the order is fashion > cultural > personality. effects. In terms of design, designers can use the textures of
different materials to improve the feeling of uniform tones,
provide a safe and comfortable user environment, and at the
Interior Color Design and Space same time meet the privacy and emotional needs of users.
Humanized Design Most of the time, people have high emotional needs for
In interior environment design, when designers choose colors, the security, privacy, and sense of domain of their living
the first thing to understand is the relationship between color environment. The physical security of most groups is closely
and feel. Reasonable color matching will make people feel positive related to the security of their living indoor environment, while
emotions. Therefore, the first principle of using color in different the psychological security is directly related to the privacy
interior environment design is to meet the needs of users. and sense of domain of the indoor environment. To improve
The indoor environment is mainly composed of living room, the physical security of the occupants, it is necessary to do
bedroom, kitchen, bathroom, and other spaces. The living room a good job in safety design; to improve the psychological
is the main area, which has various functions such as leisure, security of the occupants, it is necessary to enhance the privacy
entertainment, meeting guests, and activities. Therefore, designers and the occupant’s sense of domain through the reasonable
can mainly use warm colors according to people’s common separation of the indoor space.
emotional principles in color, so as to provide users with warm Generally speaking, women spend more time at home
and harmonious emotional support and create a warm than men. If want to make the occupant’s life no longer
atmosphere. At the same time, it is necessary to reasonably lonely and boring, it is necessary to bring more functional
distribute the proportion of main colors and monochrome in enjoyment to the occupant in the limited indoor space, so
the whole environment space. In general, when using colors as to enrich the life and reduce the loneliness in the process
such as yellow, orange, red, etc., as the main color, the color of living alone. Therefore, the functional design of the interior
of the sheet should choose green and similar low-light colors should be more diversified. In the limited indoor space, it
to create a warm environment. In daily life, warm colors in is particularly important to expand the space and enhance
the living room are more common. Bright colors not only the efficacy.
give a warm feeling, but also reflect the hospitality of the In the indoor environment, comfort is simply a feeling that
host. According to user needs, it can be roughly divided into is beneficial to the survival function of the human body formed
hot (red as the main color, green and purple as the auxiliary after the human body is stretched and relaxed. It requires that
colors), cheerful (yellow and blue as the main colors, green the indoor space environment should comply with the principles
and warm gray as the auxiliary colors), comfort (blue is the of convenience and pleasantness in use, reasonable and effective
main color, warm gray is the secondary color), dynamic (orange operation, safe and barrier-free behavior, and scientific visual
and red are the main colors, yellow is the bed linen color), response. According to the needs of the occupants’ physical
and other main types of living room colors. characteristics and living habits, the space form and the shape,
The main function of the bedroom is to rest, and the color, and scale of the furniture and equipment should
choice of color also varies by age. For the elderly, blue-gray, be determined to meet the occupants’ flexible and stretched
brown, white, and other colors are generally recommended. use requirements. Scientific and reasonable arrangement and
Since choosing a mature and stable color can easily make installation of various furniture facilities and sanitary ware,
users feel quiet and comfortable, for young people, it is kitchen utensils, and other household equipment can achieve
generally recommended to use warm colors, such as yellow, the best use effect and operation function (Zhang et al., 2020).
pink, white, etc. Because the choice of bright colors is conducive At the same time, thermal factors, glare, noise, and air freshness
to conveying a warm and romantic feeling, the color selection in the indoor environment also have a great impact on human
of children’s rooms should usually be close to the innocent comfort. Therefore, scientific control of the indoor physical
character of children, and use more colors and higher color environment is also particularly important for the improvement
brightness. Designers should also choose colors reasonably of indoor comfort.
based on factors such as users’ personal needs and cultural With the rapid development of science and technology, the
heritage (Lan et al., 2019). application of smart home makes up for indoor shortcomings
As a frequently used functional space, the kitchen should and deficiencies in living life from different angles and in
be matched with colors to facilitate the user’s meal. The main many ways. It improves the comfort, convenience, and safety
color is yellow, orange, and other stimulating colors, which is of the indoor environment, enabling occupants to obtain the

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Xu and Wu Space Humanized Design

most intelligent living experience and feel relaxed, convenient, create spaces. It should pay attention to the choice of building
and pleasant in their living life. and interior decoration materials, color matching and humanized
design of space, the perception of the environment through the
senses, and the planning of emotional care. This work attempts
DISCUSSION to analyze emotional needs and the current state of interior
space design, and refer to the psychological characteristics of
Through the study of emotional design literature works, this people’s behavior in order to trigger emotional needs and design
paper has initially mastered the relevant basic knowledge, and thinking for themed interior spaces. Let people’s needs not only
analyzed how to research the color factors and space humanization stay on the level of material needs, but also pay more attention
in interior design based on emotional needs. The concept and to spiritual needs, so that people can relax, maintain, imagine,
algorithm of artificial neural networks are expounded, the and perceive the interior, the theme of interior design has been
learning method is studied, the BP neural network is explored, further developed, and promoted the development and rise of
and the applicability of emotional needs in interior design is emerging industries.
analyzed through experiments.
Designers must consider many factors when designing a
space, such as space layout, material selection, technology, DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
engineering cost, practical value, etc. However, many designers
are more concerned with the functioning of the space than The original contributions presented in the study are included
the emotional appeal. The success of space design depends in the article/supplementary material; further inquiries can
not only on the convenience of the space, but also on the be directed to the corresponding author.
importance of the design, which only has emotional and spiritual
resonance to maximize the design spirit. Therefore, the emotional
factor in the design is more important than the practical factor. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Through the experimental analysis, this paper shows that
through the classification of the survey data, the user’s evaluation SW guided the research directions and ideas. YX writing, static
value of the importance of the internal environment features to analysis of data, and experimental operation. All authors
meet the emotional needs is above 3.00 and about 4.00, respectively. contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
Users believe that reported indoor environmental characteristics
will play a more important role in satisfying emotional needs.
FUNDING
CONCLUSION This study was supported by Guangdong Quality Engineering
and Teaching Research and Teaching Reform Project
The purpose of design is to meet the physical and psychological “Environmental Design Characteristic Major” of (CXQX-ZI201802),
needs of users and must be the driving force behind human a key cultivation and construction discipline in Guangdong
design. Emotion is an important factor that constitutes the human Province the project “Design Art” (Guangdong Education Research
psychological cognitive system. Interior decoration-themed spaces Letter 2012.13), and the key scientific research platform project
that adapt to emotional needs should make full use of psychology, of “Green Environment Art Design Research Center” (2440314)
environmental behavior, and innovative design techniques to of Guangdong Baiyun University.

Lan, T., Wen, F., and Huang, M. (2019). Virtual simulation experiment design
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