Philippe Sansonetti
Philippe J. Sansonetti (born 9 April 1949) is a French
microbiologist, professor at the Pasteur Institute and Philippe Sansonetti
the Collège de France in Paris. He is the director of the
Inserm Unit 786 (Microbial colonisation and invasion
of mucosa) and of the Institut Pasteur laboratory
Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire.[3][4][5][6][7][8]
Education
Philippe Sansonetti completed General Microbiology,
General Virology and Immunology courses at the
Institut Pasteur and received his MS degree in
Biochemistry/Microbiology from the University Paris
VII Diderot in 1978 and obtained his MD degree from
the University Paris VI in 1979. After a research
fellowship at the Unité de Bactériologie Médicale
Philippe Sansonetti, in 2014
headed by Léon Le Minor, he undertook a post-
doctoral position in the laboratory of Professor Samuel Born Philippe Joseph Sansonetti
Formal in the Department of Enteric Diseases at the 9 April 1949
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, Paris, France
D.C. He returned to the Pasteur Institute in 1981 to the Alma mater Paris Diderot University
Enterobacteria Unit (Unité des entérobactéries) where University of Paris 6
he started his own research group. In 1989, he created
Awards ForMemRS (2014)[1]
and headed the Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne
Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine
Moléculaire (Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit).
(1994)[2]
He practiced internal medicine at the Institut Pasteur
hospital (1981–1985) before becoming head of its Website [Link]/scientists/philippe-
outpatient clinic (1985–1995) and then becoming its j-sansonetti ([Link]
medical director (1995–1999 and 2004–2007). He was scientists/philippe-j-sansonetti)
chairman of its Departments of Bacteriology and
Mycology (1989–1992) and Cell Biology and Infection (2002–2006).
Sansonetti has held several scientific administration positions at INSERM, French Ministry of Research
and Technology, as well as at the World Health Organization where he was chairman of the Steering
committee on Diarrheal Diseases Vaccine Development.
Work and honours
Research performed by Philippe Sansonetti has mainly been focused on the understanding of several
aspects of the pathogenesis of Shigella, a bacterium causing severe diarrhoea. His work spans a large set
of disciplines in biology and medicine and ranges from molecular genetics, to cell biology, immunology
and the development of vaccines against dysentery. Sansonetti's laboratory has notably shown that
Shigella pathogenesis is imparted by a large virulence plasmid containing a pathogenicity island encoding
a type three secretion system required for entry into epithelial cells; characterised the molecular
mechanisms leading to Shigella epithelial cell invasion and intracellular motility; demonstrated that
Shigella kills macrophages by pyroptosis; identified that intracellular bacteria are detected by Nod
proteins leading to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and identified a pool of Shigella effectors
controlling both innate and adaptive responses. He also actively contributes to the development of
vaccine candidates against the major shigellae causing dysentery in the developing world.
Sansonetti is the author of over 500 publications in peer-reviewed journals and has served as an editor of
several professional publications for many years. He is considered to be one of the founders of the
cellular microbiology field and has launched an eponym scientific publication dedicated to this field. His
achievements in science have been recognised by numerous awards, including:
Jacques Monod prize for excellence in molecular biology
Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine (1994)[9]
Robert Koch Prize
Andre Lwoff Medal by the Federation of European Microbiological Societies
Foreign Member of the Royal Society of London (ForMemRS]] (2014)[1]
Abarca Prize 2022 for his research on Shigellosis or bacillary dysentery.[10]
He was appointed a Knight of the National Order of the Legion of Honour Légion d'honneur and Officer
of the Ordre National du Mérite. He has also been elected Member of European Molecular Biology
Organisation, the French Academy of Sciences, the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, the
American Association for the Advancement of Science the US National Academy of Sciences, and
corresponding member of the French Academy of Medicine. He is also a Howard Hughes Medical
Institute scholar. Since 2008, he has held the position of Professor at the Collège de France, recipient of
the Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Chair. His nomination for the Royal Society reads:
Sansonetti has pioneered the study of molecular pathogenesis of bacterial infections and
cellular microbiology, based on his discovery of the mechanism of cell invasion by Shigella. He
has led the field practically and conceptually, by discovering key processes relevant to many
pathogens and demonstrating the way in which bacteria subvert eukaryotic cells for their
growth. These include actin-dependent entry, cell-to-cell spread, pro-inflammatory apoptosis,
intracellular sensing of bacteria, regulation of host responses by post-translational
modifications, repression of innate immunity genes, and blocking of T-cell migration.
Collectively his work has provided the most complete and unified view of a bacterial-controlled
disease process.[1]
References
1. Professor Philippe Sansonetti ForMemRS ([Link]
hilippe-sansonetti/), Royal Society
2. Louis-Jeantet Prize ([Link]
-philippe-j-sansonetti/)
3. Sansonetti, P. J. (2004). "War and peace at mucosal surfaces". Nature Reviews.
Immunology. 4 (12): 953–64. doi:10.1038/nri1499 ([Link]
PMID 15573130 ([Link] S2CID 13320019 ([Link]
[Link]/CorpusID:13320019).
4. Philippe Sansonetti's publications ([Link]
54727) indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
5. Van Der Goot, F. G.; Tran Van Nhieu, G; Allaoui, A; Sansonetti, P; Lafont, F (2004). "Rafts
can trigger contact-mediated secretion of bacterial effectors via a lipid-based mechanism" (h
ttps://[Link]/10.1074%2Fjbc.M406824200). The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (46):
47792–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M406824200 ([Link]
PMID 15364928 ([Link]
6. Girardin, S. E.; Boneca, I. G.; Viala, J; Chamaillard, M; Labigne, A; Thomas, G; Philpott, D.
J.; Sansonetti, P. J. (2003). "Nod2 is a general sensor of peptidoglycan through muramyl
dipeptide (MDP) detection" ([Link] The Journal of
Biological Chemistry. 278 (11): 8869–72. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200651200 ([Link]
74%2Fjbc.C200651200). PMID 12527755 ([Link]
7. Girardin, S. E.; Boneca, I. G.; Carneiro, L. A.; Antignac, A; Jéhanno, M; Viala, J; Tedin, K;
Taha, M. K.; Labigne, A; Zähringer, U; Coyle, A. J.; Distefano, P. S.; Bertin, J; Sansonetti, P.
J.; Philpott, D. J. (2003). "Nod1 detects a unique muropeptide from gram-negative bacterial
peptidoglycan". Science. 300 (5625): 1584–7. Bibcode:2003Sci...300.1584G ([Link]
[Link]/abs/2003Sci...300.1584G). doi:10.1126/science.1084677 ([Link]
1126%2Fscience.1084677). PMID 12791997 ([Link]
S2CID 1320864 ([Link]
8. Viala, J; Chaput, C; Boneca, I. G.; Cardona, A; Girardin, S. E.; Moran, A. P.; Athman, R;
Mémet, S; Huerre, M. R.; Coyle, A. J.; Distefano, P. S.; Sansonetti, P. J.; Labigne, A; Bertin,
J; Philpott, D. J.; Ferrero, R. L. (2004). "Nod1 responds to peptidoglycan delivered by the
Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island". Nature Immunology. 5 (11): 1166–74.
doi:10.1038/ni1131 ([Link] PMID 15489856 ([Link]
[Link]/15489856). S2CID 2898805 ([Link]
05).
9. Louis-Jeantet Prize ([Link]
-philippe-j-sansonetti/)
10. " "El Abarca Prize resalta el protagonismo de la Medicina en la sociedad" " ([Link]
[Link]/secciones/privada/-el-abarca-prize-resalta-el-protagonismo-de-la-medicin
a-en-la-sociedad--5626). Redacción Médica (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-02-13.
Retrieved from "[Link]
