FACULTY OF COMMERCE

MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE
IN
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
(BCME)

MODULE OUTLINE

PROGRAMME DOCUMENT APPROVED BY SENATE

DECEMBER, 2014
6.0 MODULES OUTLINE AND SPECIFICATIONS

6.1 YEAR ONE: SEMESTER ONE

UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC

FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme : Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Fundamentals of Accounting
3. Module Code: FAC 111
4. Level: 0
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: None

12. Module Descriptor

This module introduces students to basic financial accounting techniques and concepts
to enable them acquire accounting skills to handle business transactions. The module
covers bookkeeping techniques, accounting for assets and liabilities and preparation of
basic financial statements.
13. Module Aim
To equip students with accounting skills relevant to handling basic business transactions
and produce financial statements to meet the information needs of different users of
accounting information.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Prepare the books of original entry to capture business transactions.
b) Post transactions to the ledgers.
c) Prepare trial balance.
d) Prepare period end adjustments.
e) Prepare financial statements for sole traders.
f) Explain the principles and concepts on which accounting is based.
g) Apply the Accounting Equation and double entry rules to business transactions.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 2

15. Indicative Content:
a) Introduction:
 Accounting and its economic and legal environments;
 Users of accounting information and their information needs;
 Principles, concepts and conventions underlying the preparation of financial
statements.
b) Accounting Routine:
 Source documents;
 Books of original entry;
 Posting and ledgers;
 Trial balance;
 Statement of financial position;
 Income statement.
c) Year-end Adjustments:
 Accruals and prepayments;
 Accounting for depreciation;
 Irrecoverable debts and allowance for receivables.
d) Specific applications:
 Accounts of sole traders.
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, assignments
17. Prescribed Texts
Weetman, P. (2013). Financial Accounting: An Introduction, 6th Edition. Pearsons.
Wood, F. and Sangster, A. (2008). Business Accounting 1 (IFRS Edition), 11th Edition,
Pearson Education, London.
18. Recommended Texts
Deegan, C. (2011). Financial Accounting Theory, 2nd Edition. McGraw Hill Higher
education
Maynard, J. (2013). Financial Accounting, Reporting and Analysis, 1st edition. OUP
Oxford.
Pizzey, A. (2001). Accounting and Finance. 5th Edition, Continuum, London.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 3

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: General Principles of Law
3. Module Code: LAW 112
4. Level: 0
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: None

12. Module Descriptor

The module equips students with basic legal principles to apply in various situations. It
also deals with the general legal environment that provides students with a firm
grounding of business law.

13. Module Aim

To provide students with basic knowledge and understanding of the general principles
of Law

14. Intended Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module students should be able to:

a) Source legal documents to solve legal problems;

b) Describe situations in which claims for negligence may arise in order to avoid
such claims.

c) Assess the rights and duties of parties to a contract;

d) Analyse Malawi legal system to understand the law in a procedural context;

e) Draft simple contract to facilitate transaction.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 4

15. Indicative Content

a) Sources of Law.

b) Malawi Legal Systems.

c) Contract Law.

d) Tort of negligence

16. Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorials, case studies, group discussions

17. Prescribed Texts

Bradgate, R. (2000). Commercial Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Keenan, D. (2006). Smith and Keenan’s Law for Business. London: Pearson
Sauti-Phiri C. (1989). General Principles of Malawi Law, Malawi College of
Accountancy, Blantyre.

18. Recommended Texts

Goode, R. (1985). Commercial Law, New Edition. London: Pelican.

Kiralfy, A. (1984). The English Legal System. London: Sweet and Maxwell.
Richardson, D. (1983). A Guide to Negotiable Instruments, 7th edition. London:
Butterworth.
Schmitoff, C. & Sarre, D. (1987). Charlesworth’s Mercantile Law, 14th edition.
London: Stevens and Sons.
Sealy, L. & Hooley, R. (2009). Commercial Law: Text, Cases, and Materials. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Treitel, G. (1984). Outlines of the Law of Contract, 3rd edition. London: Butterworth.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 5

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Business Numeracy
3. Module Code: MAT 113
4. Level: 0
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: None

12. Module Descriptor

The module provides the students with the background to meet the mathematical needs
of business. It covers basic mathematics concepts such as sets, functions, indices and
logarithms. In addition, students will also gain knowledge and skills of performing
interest calculations and investment appraisal.

13. Module Aim

To consolidate and develop mathematics concepts that are essential for application in
business environment.

14. Intended Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module students should be able to:

a) Solve problems in finance/business;

b) Classify numbers;

c) Manipulate functions and graph them;

d) Set up equations and inequalities and solve them;

e) Perform financial calculations involving interest;

f) Analyse relevant costs and benefits of an investment project.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 6

15. Indicative Content:

a) Basic Mathematics Concepts

 The fundamentals of mathematics: sets and numbers

 Revision of elementary algebra: Indices and logarithms, equations and
inequalities
 Mappings and functions
 Graphs and interpretation
 Sequences and series
 Matrices

b) The Mathematics of Finance

 Simple and Compound Interest

 Financial appraisal: Present and future values
 Investment appraisal Techniques

16. Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorials, group discussions, assignments

17. Prescribed Texts

Coburn, J. (2007). College algebra. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Francis, L. (2000). Business Mathematics. London: MacDonald and Evans, London.
Harvey, J. (2000). The Arithmetic of Commerce: Intermediate Course. London: Cassel.

18. Recommended Texts

Barnett, R., Michael, Z., & Karl, B. (2008). College Algebra. McGraw-Hill
Don, E. & Lerner, J. (2000). Schaum’s Outline of Basic Business Mathematics.
McGraw-Hill.
Gustafson, R.D. & Frisk P.D. (2007). College Algebra. Cengage Learning College.
Lial, M. L., Hornsby, J., & Schneider, D. I. (2005). College Algebra and Trigonometry.
Boston: Pearson Addison Wesley.
Sisson, P. (2008). College Algebra. Hawkes Publishing
Swokowski, E. W. & Cole (2008). Precalculus: Functions and graphs. New York:
Thomson.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 7

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Introduction to Microeconomics
3. Module Code: ECON 114
4. Level: 0
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Prepared by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: None
12. Module Descriptor
This module introduces the students to basic microeconomic principles, concepts and
theories. It covers techniques, models and tools that economists use to address
microeconomic issues and contemporary economic problems.
13. Module Aim
To develop students’ knowledge in basic microeconomic principles, concepts, theories
and equip students with microeconomic analytical skills and techniques
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Describe how firms minimize production costs to maximize profits.
b) Explain the key concepts and tools that economists use to address the
fundamental economic problem of scarcity.
c) Describe how the market system (D&S), work to ensure efficient resource
allocation.
d) Explain how firms behave in different market structures in order to assess the
firm’s performance.
e) Analyze the impact of change of one economic variable on another economic
variable to assist in forecasting and planning.
f) Illustrate how consumers use indifference theory in making choices to maximize
utility (satisfaction).

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 8

15. Indicative Content

a) An Introduction to Economics and the Economy.

 Limits, Alternatives, and Choices.
 The Market System and the Circular Flow.
 Demand, Supply, and Market Equilibrium.
 Elasticity: Demand and Supply Analysis and the Efficiency of Markets.
b) Microeconomics of Product Markets.
 Consumer Choice and Utility Maximization.
 The Organization and Costs of Production.
 Perfect Competition.
 Monopoly.
 Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly.

16. Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorials, assignments

17. Prescribed Texts

Mankiw, N.G. (2012). Principles of Economics. South Western College Publication,

London.
Samuelson P.A and Nordhaus W.D, (2009). Microeconomics. McGraw Hill.

18. Recommended Texts

Arnold, R. (2011). Microeconomics. Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Baumol, W.J. & Blinder, A.S. (2011). Microeconomics. Mason: South-Western
Cengage Learning.
Boyes, W. & Melvin, M. (2011). Microeconomics. Mason: South-Western Cengage
Learning.
Hall, R. & Lieberman, M. (2010). Microeconomics: Principles and Applications.
Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Lipsey, R.G. & Crystal, A.K. (2007). Economics. Oxford University Press.
Mankiw, N. (2012). Principles of Microeconomics. Mason. South-Western Cengage
Learning.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 9

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Organizational Behaviour I
3. Module Code: OBE 115
4. Level: 0
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Prepared by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: None

12. Module Descriptor

The module is designed to strengthen students’ self-awareness, intellectual growth,

well-being, and improve their understanding of others and understanding of the
relationship between the individual and society. It helps students understand the
meaning, history and organization of work, and the concepts of perception, motivation
and personality.

13. Module Aim

The course aims at developing students’ ability to understand the impact of individual,
group, organizational structure and the wider environment on behaviour in
organizations as a means towards improving organizational efficiency and
effectiveness.

14. Intended Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module students should be able to:

a) Describe their own expectations and values in order to analyze their impact on
personal goals.

b) Apply knowledge of the individual and human development to personal life and
relationships for efficiency and effectiveness in the work place.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 10

15. Indicative Content:

a) Introduction to Organisational Behaviour.

b) Approaches to Management and Organisation.

c) Perception.

d) Motivation.

e) Personality.

f) Intelligence.

g) Learning.

h) Attitudes.

16. Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorials, assignments

17. Prescribed Texts

Luthans, F. & Newstrom, J. (2004). Organizational Behaviour. London: McGraw-Hill.

Mullins L. (2013). Management and Organizational Behaviour, 10th Edition. FT
Publishing International.

18. Recommended Texts

Buchanan, D. And Huczynski, A. and (2013): Organizational Behaviour, 8th Edition.

Pearson.
Robbins, S. (2001). Organizational Behaviour. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Rollinson, D. (2008). Organisational Behaviour and Analysis: An Integrated Approach,
4th Edition. Prentice Hall.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 11

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme : Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: English for Academic Purposes I
3. Module Code: EAP 116
4. Level : 0
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorials hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 50% course work, 50% examination
11. Prerequisites: none

12. Module Descriptor

This module introduces students to the basic cognitive academic language proficiency
and interpersonal skills necessary for communication. It covers study skills and the
writing process.

13. Module Aim

To develop students’ basic cognitive academic language proficiency and interpersonal

skills necessary for communication

14. Intended Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module students should be able to:

a) Demonstrate effective time management skills.

b) Demonstrate understanding of variety of texts.

c) Analyse work of fiction so as to enhance analytical skills in general.

d) Take and make fair notes from oral and written texts.

e) Write well researched and documented essays.

f) Participate constructively in class and group discussions.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 12

15. Indicative Content

a) Study Skills:
 Time management
 Listening for Note Taking
 Reading Techniques:
 Wide Reading: Fiction: Aspects of Literature and Non Fiction
 Examination Skills:
b) The Writing Process – The Academic Essay:
 Planning.
 Sources of Information and Information Gathering.
 Framework for Effective Writing.
 Selecting and Prioritising.
 Drafting the Essay.
 Principles of effective writing.
 Revising and editing.
16. Learning and Teaching Methods
Lecturing, Tutorials, Oral Presentations, Group Discussions, Peer Evaluations, Debates,
Assignments
17. Prescribed Texts
Carson, B. (2005). Think BIG: Unleashing You Potential for Excellence. Michigan:
Zondervan.
Cottrell, S. (2008). The Study Skills Handbook. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lannon, M.J. (2008). The Writing Process. New York: Longman.
18. Recommended Texts
Achebe, C. (1961). Things Fall Apart. London: Heinemann.
Clouse, B.F. (2008 ). Patterns for a Purpose: A Rhetorical Reader. New York: McGraw
Hill.
Crucius, T. W. & Channell, C. E. (2000). The Aims of Argument: A Rhetoric and
Reader. California: Mayfield.
Hacker, D.A. (2006). A Writer’s Reference. Boston: Bedford.
Langan, J. (2002). English Skills with Readings. Boston: McGraw Hill.
McWhoter, K.T. (2009). College Reading and Study Skills. London: Longman.
Obama, B. (2004). Dreams from my Father. Chicago: Broadway.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 13

6.2 YEAR ONE: SEMESTER TWO
UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Business Accounting 1
3. Module Code: ACC 121
4. Level : 0
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: Fundamentals of Accounting

12. Module Descriptor

The module introduces students to financial accounting techniques and concepts to

enable them acquire accounting skills to handle business transactions. The module
covers accounting for non-current assets, bank reconciliations, incomplete records and
preparation of financial statements.

13. Module Aim

To equip students with accounting skills to handle complex business transactions,

prepare financial statements of partnerships and produce financial statements from
incomplete records.

14. Intended Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module students should be able to:

a) Prepare bank reconciliations.

b) Account for acquisitions and disposals of non-current assets.
c) Identify and correct accounting errors.
d) Prepare financial statements from incomplete records.
e) Prepare financial statements of partnerships.
f) Analyse financial statements.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 14

15. Indicative Content

a) Bank Reconciliations.
b) Acquisitions and disposal of non-current assets.
c) Identification and correction of accounting errors.
d) Incomplete records.
e) Financial Statements of Partnerships.
f) Analysis of Financial Statements.

16. Teaching and Learning Methods:

Lectures, Lectures, tutorials, assignments, group discussions

17. Prescribed Text:

Wood F and Sangster A. (2008). Business Accounting 1 (IFRS Edition), 11th Edition,
Pearson Education, London.

18. Recommended Texts

Baker, R., Christensen, T. & Cottrell, D. (2010). Advanced Financial Accounting.

McGraw- Hill/Irwin.
Pizzey A, (2001). Accounting and Finance, 5th Edition, Continuum, London
Spiceland, D.; Sepe, J. and Nelson, M. (2012). Intermediate Accounting. Mc Graw-Hill.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 15

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE MALAWI POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Labour Law
3. Module Code: LAW 122
4. Level: 0
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: General Principles of Law

12. Module Descriptor

The module introduces students to concepts and principles governing different types of
contracts of employment. It includes the body of laws, administrative rulings and
precedents which address legal rights of, and restrictions on employees and their
organizations.

13. Module Aim

To provide students with legal knowledge of the work environment pertaining to the
rights and duties of employers and employees, for legal risk management in an
organisation

14. Intended Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module students should be able to:

a) Describe the significance of compliance with occupational safety and health

legislation.
b) Explain the principles and concept that apply to different types of contracts of
employment to manage the legal risk.
c) Explain the role and significance of industrial relations within an organisation to
manage the collective employment relationship.
d) Assess claims based on Workers’ Compensation Act.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 16

15. Indicative Content:

a) Sources of labour law in Malawi.

b) Historical development fundamental principles and fundamental principles of

labour law.

c) Types of contracts of employment.

d) Termination of contract of employment.

e) Remedies for unfair dismissal.

f) Severance allowance.

g) Freedom of association & trade unions.

h) Trade disputes and resolution.

i) Strike, lockout and injunctions.

j) Composition of the Industrial Relations Court.

k) Jurisdiction of the Industrial Relations Court.

16 Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorials, case studies

17. Prescribed Texts

Chilumpha, C, (2004). Labour Law, Commercial Law Centre, Blantyre.

Deakin, Simon & Morris, Gillian S, (2009). Labour Law (5th Ed), Hart Publishing,
London.

18. Recommended Texts

Banda, R. et al. (eds), (2007). Access to Labour Justice. Durban: LexisNexis

Butterworths.
Honeyball, S. (2011). Great Debates: Employment Law. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Selwyn, N. (2010). Selwyn’s Law of Employment (16th Ed). Oxford: Oxford University
Press,
Sikwese, Rachel S., (2010). Labour Law in Malawi, Lexis Nexis Butterworth, Durban.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 17

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Introduction to Calculus
3. Module Code: CAL 123
4. Level: 0
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-requisites: Business Numeracy

12. Module Descriptor

This module introduces students to calculus based techniques that are extensively used
in the solving of business problems. It covers two branches of calculus: differential
calculus and integral calculus.

13. Module Aim

The module is aimed at equipping students with sufficient mathematics knowledge to
apply calculus techniques to problems in business and management.

14. Intended Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module students should be able to:

a) Calculate limits and derivatives of functions by using first principles as well as

standard techniques.

b) Interpret limits and derivatives geometrically.

c) Apply calculus in physical problems and optimal solution problems in the area
of finance and business.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 18

15. Indicative Content:

a) Limits and continuity.

b) Differentiation: derivatives and their applications to extreme problems, related

rates, rates of change, small changes related to finance such as cost and revenue
functions.

c) Integration: anti derivatives, indefinite and definite integrals and its applications to
finance such marginal functions.

d) Numerical Integration: Trapezium Rule and Simpson’s Rule.

16 Teaching and learning methods

Lectures, tutorials, group discussions

17. Prescribed Texts

Binmore, K. & Davies, J. (2001). Calculus: Concepts and Methods. Cambridge

University Press.
Stewart, J. (2006). Essential Calculus: Early Transcendentals. Thomson Brooks/Cole.

18. Recommended Texts

Ginzburg, A. (2003). Calculus: Problems and Solutions. Dover Publications.

Hughes-Hallet, G., McCallum et. al (2008). Calculus: Single Variable. New York: John
Wiley and Sons.

Silverman Richard, A. (2003). Modern Calculus and Analytic Geometry. Dover

Publications.

Spivak, M. (2006). Calculus. Cambridge University Press.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 19

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module title: Macroeconomics
3. Module Code: ECN 124
4. Level: 0
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: Introduction to Microeconomics
12. Module Descriptor
This module introduces students to the concepts, principles and theories of
macroeconomics and covers the major macroeconomic problems and how government
intervenes on the market using macroeconomic policies.
13. Module Aim
To provide students with a deeper understanding of concepts, principles and theories as
well as impart analytical skills of different macroeconomic issues and problems at
national, regional and global level.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Use Macroeconomic variables to measure micro performance of the economy.
b) Describe major Macroeconomic theories and basic arguments to explain major
economic events.
c) Explain factor payments theories to determine income distribution in an
economy.
d) Explain the role of money and financial institutions in determining national
output.
e) Illustrate the theoretical basis for the design and implementation of fiscal and
monitory policies to influence macro-economic variables.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 20

15. Indicative Content

a) Introduction to Macroeconomics.

b) Concepts and Measurements of National Output.

c) The Keynesian Model.

d) Distribution of Income.

e) Money and Banking.

f) Economic Goals and Policy.

g) Inflation and Unemployment.

h) International Trade and Finance

16. Teaching and Learning Methods

Lecturing, tutorials, group discussions
17. Prescribed Texts
Lipsey, R.G. & Crystal, A.K. (2007). Economics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ragan, C. and Lipsey, R. (2011). Macroeconomics. Pearsons.
18. Recommended Texts
Arnold, R. (2011). Macroeconomics. Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Boyes, W. & Melvin, M. (2011). Macroeconomics. Mason: South-Western Cengage
Learning.
Case, K.E and Fair, R.C. (2006) Principles of macroeconomics South-Western Cengage
Learning Mason.
Curtis, D., Irvine, I. & Begg, D. (2007). Macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Mankiw, N. (2012). Principles of Macroeconomics. Mason. South-Western Cengage
Learning.
Malawi Government. Annual Economic Report. Various Issues.
Mishkin, F.S (2004). The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets.
Boston: Addison-Wesley.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 21

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Organizational Behaviour II
3. Module Code: OBE 125
4. Level: 0
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10 Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: Organisational Behaviour I
12. Module Descriptor
The module is designed to strengthen students’ self-awareness, intellectual growth,
well-being, and improve their understanding of others and understanding of the
relationship between the individual and society. It helps students understand the
working life challenges to the individual and society. The module covers group
dynamics, management and leadership as well as business culture.

13. Module Aim

The module aims to develop students’ ability to understand the impact of groups and
group dynamics and reconcile employee needs and expectations and organizational
goals and objectives as a means to improving organizational efficiency and
effectiveness.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Analyse contemporary social problems and issues that impact on organizations.
b) Apply reasoned reflection on various cultures’ responses to universal human
issues.

15. Indicative Content

a) Groups and Group Dynamics.

b) Management and Leadership.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 22

 c) Managing the Flow of Business Culture.

d) Developing, Living and Maintaining a Healthful Life.

16. Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorials, group discussions

17. Prescribed Texts

Luthans F. (2004). Organizational Behaviour, London: McGraw-Hill.

Mullins L. (2013). Management and Organizational Behaviour, 10th Edition. FT
Publishing International.

18. Recommended Texts

Buchanan D. And Huczynski A. and (2013): Organizational Behaviour, 8th Edition.

Pearson.
Robbins, S. (2001). Organizational Behaviour. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Rollinson, D. (2008). Organisational Behaviour and Analysis: An Integrated Approach,
4th Edition. Prentice Hall.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 23

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module title: English for Academic Purposes II
3. Module code: EAP 126
4. Level: 0
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week): 1
10. Method of Assessment: 50% course work, 50% examination
11. Prerequisites: English for Academic Purposes I
12. Module Descriptor
This module is intended to equip students with effective writing, speaking and reading
skills for effective communication. It covers remedial, achieving worthwhile content,
composing various arguments and oral skills.
13. Module aim
To equip students with effective writing, speaking and reading skills for effective
business communication.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Compose effective arguments.
b) Write effective sentences, paragraphs and essays.
c) Make effective oral presentations.
15. Indicative Content
Remedial
Based on weaknesses noted in the essays and other assignments done in the first
semester
a) Sentence writing skills.
 Sentence development.
 Parallelism, Modification.
 Checking run-on sentences and sentence variety.
b) Achieving Worthwhile Content.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 24

  Credibility, informative value, Completeness, Sensible organisation.
 Readable style.
c) Composing Various Arguments.
 Audience analysis.
 Structuring an argument.
 Ethical considerations.
 Reasoning: the basis of arguments.
 Types of reasoning.
d) Oral Skills
 Aspects and nature of oral presentations
 Oral Presentation of Arguments
 Application of Oral Skills.
16. Learning and Teaching Methods
Lecturing, Tutorials, Oral Presentations, Group Discussions, Peer Evaluations, Debates,
Assignments.
17. Prescribed Texts
Clouse, B.F. (2006). Patterns for a Purpose: A Rhetorical Reader. New York: McGraw
Hill.
Crucius, T. W. & Channell, C. E. (2000). The Aims of Argument: A Rhetoric and
Reader. California: Mayfield.
Hacker, D.A. (2006). A Writer’s Reference. Boston: Bedford.
18. Recommended Texts
Langan, J. (2002). Reading and Study Skills. New York: Longman.
Langan, J. (2002). English Skills with Readings. Boston: McGraw Hill.
Lannon, M.J. (2008).The Writing Process: A Concise Rhetoric, Reader, and
Handbook. New York : Longman.
McWhoter, K. T. (2009). College Reading and Study Skills. London: Longman.
Trimmer, J. F. & Hairston, M. (2007). The Riverside Reader. Boston. Houghton
Mifflin.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 25

6.3 YEAR TWO: SEMESTER ONE
UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Business Accounting II
3. Module Code: ACC 211
4. Level: 1
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: Business Accounting 1
12. Module Descriptor
The module introduces students to complex issues pertaining to partnerships and
preparation of financial statements for manufacturing and non- manufacturing limited
companies. It also covers the issue and redemption of shares and debentures.
13. Module Aim
To equip students with accounting skills to handle complex issues involving
partnerships and produce financial statements for limited companies and manufacturing
companies.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Account for the issue of shares and debentures.
b) Account for the redemption of company’s shares and debentures.
c) Explain how to revalue partnership assets.
d) Explain how to dissolve partnerships.
e) Prepare financial statements of limited companies.
f) Prepare financial statements of manufacturing companies.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 26

15. Indicative Content
a) Partnerships:
 Revaluation.
 Dissolution.
b) Limited Liability Companies:
 Introduction.
 Issue of shares and debentures.
 Redemption and re-purchase of company’s own shares and debentures.
 Financial statements in line with IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements.
 Limited companies taking over other businesses.
c) Financial Statement of Manufacturing Companies.
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, group discussions
17. Prescribed Texts
Wood F. and Sangster A. (2008). Business Accounting 1 (IFRS Edition), 11th Edition,
Pearson Education, London.
Wood F. and Sangster A. (2008). Business Accounting 2 (IFRS Edition), 11th Edition,
Pearson Education, London.
18. Recommended Text:
Pizzey A. (2001). Accounting and Finance, 5th Edition, Continuum, London.
Spiceland, D., Sepe, J. & Nelson, M. (2012). Intermediate Accounting. Mc Graw-Hill.
Baker, R., Christensen, T. & Cottrell, D. (2010). Advanced Financial Accounting.
McGraw- Hill/Irwin.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 27

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Cost Accounting
3. Module Code: CAC 212
4. Level: 1
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-requisites: None
12. Module Descriptor
This module introduces the students to concepts, principles and accounting for costs
relating to materials, labour and overheads. It also explains costing techniques that are
used within industrial organisations.
13. Module Aim
To equip students with cost accounting skills for use in different business settings.
14. Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Classify costs for cost accounting purposes.
b) Calculate costs of product or service.
c) Explain techniques for controlling product or service costs.
d) Explain the main costing techniques.
e) Calculate product/service costs using different costing techniques.
15. Indicative course content
a) Introduction to cost accounting:
 Difference between cost and financial accounting.
 Cost concepts and classification.
b) Accounting and control of material costs:
 Material issues and receipts and posting to ledger.
 Inventory control.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 28

 c) Accounting and control of labour costs:
 Payroll, Overtime, Timesheets.
 Posting to ledger.
d) Accounting and control of overheads:
 Allocation and apportionment of overheads.
 Absorption of overheads.
 Activity based cost basis to allocate overheads.
e) Costing techniques:
 Job, batch and service costing.
 Contract costing and Process costing.
f) Cost book keeping:

 Interlocking and integrated accounts.

16. Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorials, assignments, group discussions

17. Prescribed Texts

Drury C. (2012). Management and Cost Accounting, 8th Revised Edition. Cengage
Learning.
18. Recommended Texts
Bhimani, A. Et al (2011). Management and Cost Accounting, 5th Edition. Prentice Hall.
Brag, S.M. (2014). Cost Accounting Fundamentals: Essential Concepts and Examples,
4th Edition. Accounting Tools.
Horngren, C., Datar S. and Foster G. (2006). Cost Accounting: Managerial Emphasis,
13th Edition, Pearson Education, London.
Lucey, T. (2002). Costing. Cengage Learning, London.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 29

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module title: Commercial Law
3. Module Code: LAW 213
4. Level: 1
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisite: General Principles of Law
12. Module Descriptor
This module provides students with an understanding of the principles and concepts that
apply to specific types of contracts and commercial instruments used in business.
13. Module Aim
To provide students with the underlying basic principles that underpin specific types of
contracts and commercial instruments.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Analyse the principles and concepts that apply to different types of contracts and
commercial instruments.
b) Demonstrate competence in managing commercial aspects of the business within
law.
c) Assess risks, rights and obligations in transacting business.
15. Indicative Content
a) Law of Agency.
b) Negotiable Instruments.
c) Contract of Sale of Goods.
d) Law of Insurance:
e) Consumer Credit Agreements.
f) Consumer Protective Law.
g) Competition and Fair Trading.
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 30
16. Teaching and Learning Materials

Lectures, tutorials, case studies

17. Prescribed Texts
Atiyah, P. S. et al, (2005). The Sale of Goods, 11th Edition. Pearson Longman, London.
Goode, Roy, (2010). Commercial Law, 4th Edition. Penguin Books, London
Stone, R. (2011). The Modern Law of Contract, 9th Edition. London: Routledge.
18. Recommended Texts
Ames, J. et al. (2008). The Negotiable Instruments Law: With Comments and Criticism.
London: Bibliobazaar.
Atiyah, P. S. (2010). Sale of Goods, 12th Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Elliott, N. (2007). Byles on Bills of Exchange and Cheques, 28th Edition. London: Sweet
& Maxwell.
Goode, R. (1998). Commercial Law in the Next Millennium. London: Sweet & Maxwell.
Guest, A. G. et al. (2009). Benjamin’s Sale of Goods, 7thEdition. London: Sweet &
Maxwell.
Munday, R. (2010). Agency: Law and Principles. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sealy, L. S. (2008). Commercial Law, 4th Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wade, W. & Forsyth C. (2009). Administrative Law, 9th Edition. London: Routledge.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 31

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Fundamentals of Statistics
3. Module Code: STA 214
4. Level: 1
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-requisites: Business Numeracy
12. Module Descriptor
This module offers the students statistical tools to use in data collection, data
presentation and summary, data analysis and interpretation to facilitate effective
decision making in organizations.

13. Module Aim

This module is aimed at equipping the students with basic statistical tools that will
enable the student to conduct effective data analysis for meaningful decision making.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Translate mathematical symbols in statistics.
b) Apply statistics in the business decision making process.
c) Collect data using different sampling techniques.
d) Convert data into information to enable decision making.
e) Present data in various forms such as tables, graphs and charts.
f) Calculate and interpret summary measures.
g) Interpret graphs and charts.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 32

15. Indicative Content

a) Statistics in the world of business and the role of information technology.

b) Data collection and presentation.

c) Descriptive Statistics: Location measures;

 Central Location: arithmetic mean (average), mode and median.

d) Descriptive Statistics: Dispersion and skewness measures.

e) Introduction to Probability: concepts, properties, rules, computations.

16. Teaching and learning methods

Lectures, tutorials, group discussions

17. Prescribed Texts

Anderson, D., Sweeney, D. & Williams, T. (2011). Statistics for Business and
Economics. Cengage Learning.
Curwin J. & Slater R., (2003). Quantitative Methods for Business Decisions. Chapman
& Hall.

18. Recommended Texts

Francis, A. (2004). Business Mathematics and Statistics. Thomson Learning.

Lind, M. & Wathen (2004). Statistical Techniques in Business and Economics. London:
McGraw-Hill.
McClave, J.T. (2010). Statistics for Business and Economics. Prentice Hall.
Sweeney D.J., Williams T.A., & Anderson D.R. (2006). Fundamentals of Business
Statistics. Thomson Learning.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 33

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Management Information Systems
3. Module Code: MIS 215
4. Level: 1
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-requisites: None
12. Module Descriptor
This module prepares students to make decisions about information technology and
information systems for business organizations. It covers information technology,
systems development life cycle and management and security of information systems.
13. Module Aim
To equip students with skills and knowledge necessary to control information systems
projects in industry.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Distinguish between MIS and Decision Support Systems (DSS)
b) Describe several ways to control data entry process and increase accuracy of the
data input.
c) Describe various output devices and outputs.
d) Analyse the four major phases of the systems Development Life Cycle and the
importance of each phase.
e) Describe the prototype information systems and its effect on the SDLC.
f) Summarise end-user computing effects
g) Analyse potential risks to computer systems and mitigation issues

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 34

15. Indicative Content
a) Introduction to Information Systems
 Information systems: Conceptual Framework
b) Information Technology
 Definition of IT
 IT –Computer Hardware
 IT-Computer Software
c) Systems Development Life Cycle
 Components of Systems Development Life Cycle
 Implementation of Information Systems (Direct, parallel, pilot phased &
change over)
 Application of Information Systems in various functional areas of
Businesses
 Application of systems in selected Industries
d) Information and Computer Security
 Systems control
 Physical controls
 Logical controls
 Computer Auditing

16. Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures and tutorials
17. Prescribed Texts
Laudon K. and Laudon J. (2013). Management Information Systems, 13th edition,
Pearson.
O’Brien, J. and Marakas, G. (2011). Management Information Systems, 10th Edition.
McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

18. Recommended Texts

Laudon, J. and Laudon K. (2009). Management Information Systems: Managing the

Digital Firm, 10th edition, Prentice Hall.
Morley D. and Parker C. S. (2007). Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow,
11th edition. Thomson Course Technology.
Pearlson, K. and Saunders, S. (2009). Strategic Management of Information Systems, 4th
Edition. John Wiley and Sons.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 35

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Business Communication
3. Module Code: COM 216
4. Level: 1
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week): 1
10. Method of Assessment: 50% course work, 50% examination
11. Pre-requisites: English for Academic Purposes II
12. Module Descriptor
The module introduces students to elements of communication theory to enable them
communicate effectively.
13. Module aim
To equip students with skills required for effective communication.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Explain the elements of the communication theory.
b) Apply the principles of the communication theory.
c) Write effective memos, letters, and reports.
d) Present well documented project reports using appropriate visual aids.
15. Indicative Content:
a) Communication Theory:
 The Communication Process, Media and Channels.
b) Non Verbal Communication
c) Visual Communication
d) Barriers to Effective Communication:
 Types of Barriers.
 Overcoming barriers.
e) Business Writing:

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 36

  Principles of Business Writing.
 Business Correspondence.
 Evaluative/Interpretive Writing.
f) Report Writing:

 The report redefined.

 Uses of reports, Considerations, Types and Basic Parts of Reports.

 Technical Reports:

16. Learning and Teaching Methods

Lectures, tutorials, Oral Presentations, Group Discussions, Peer Evaluations, Debates,
Assignments
17. Prescribed Texts
Guffey, M. & Loewy, D. (2009). Essentials of Business Communication. South
Western: Cengage Learning.
Krizan, A.C., Merrier, P., Logan, J. & Williams, K. (2007) Business Communication.
South Western: Cengage Learning.
Roman, K. & Raphaelson, J. (2000). Writing that Works; How to Communicate
Effectively in Business. New York: Harper Collins.
18. Recommended Texts
Axelrod, R. & Cooper, C. (2011). Reading Critically, Writing Well: a Reader and
Guide. 11th Edition. New York : St Martins Press.
Beebe, S. A. (2011). Communicating in Small Groups. 11th Edition. New York:
Longman.
Guffey, M. & Loewy, D. (2010). Business Communication: Process and Product. South
Western: Cengage Learning.
Lucas, S. (2011). The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition. Boston: McGraw Hill.
Osborn, M. & Osborn, S. (2005). Public Speaking. Houghton: Mifflin Company.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 37

6.4 YEAR TWO: SEMESTER TWO
UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Business Accounting III
3. Module Code: ACC 221
4. Level: 1
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: Business Accounting II
12. Module Descriptor
The module introduces students to the preparation of financial statements of clubs,
societies, joint ventures, branches and departments. It also covers valuation of
inventories, accounting for hire purchase transactions and analysis of financial
statements.

13. Module Aim

To equip students with accounting skills to produce financial statements to enable them
to handle business transactions pertaining to joint ventures, hire purchase, departments
and branches.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Prepare financial statements of clubs and societies.
b) Prepare financial statements of joint ventures.
c) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of hire purchase.
d) Account for hire purchase transactions in the financial statements.
e) Prepare departmental and branch accounts.
f) Explain the inventory valuation methods.
g) Apply IAS 2 Inventories in valuing inventories.
h) Analyse financial statements.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 38

15. Indicative Content

a) Financial Statements of Clubs and Societies.

b) Joint Ventures.
c) Hire Purchase.
d) Departmental Accounts.
e) Branch Accounts.
f) Inventory Valuation.
g) Analysis of Financial Statements.

16. Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorials, assignments, group discussions

17. Prescribed Texts

Wood F. and Sangster A. (2008). Business Accounting 1 (IFRS edition), 11th Edition,
Pearson Education, London.
Wood F. and Sangster A. (2008). Business Accounting 2 (IFRS edition), 11th Edition,
Pearson Education, London.

18. Recommended Texts

Baker, R., Christensen, T. & Cottrell, D. (2010). Advanced Financial Accounting.

McGraw- Hill/Irwin.
Pizzey A. (2001). Accounting and Finance, 5th Edition, Continuum, London.
Spiceland, D., Sepe, J. & Nelson, M. (2012). Intermediate Accounting. Mc Graw-Hill.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 39

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Cost and Budgetary Control
3. Module Code: CAC 222
4. Level: 1
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week): 3
9. Tutorial hours/week): 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-requisites: Cost Accounting
12. Module Descriptor
This module introduces the students to profit reporting skills required in preparation of
reports for management analysis. It also enables the students to prepare budgets and
analyse the standard costs of products and services.
13. Module Aim
To equip students with information for planning and control in different business
situations
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Explain the nature of financial and management accounting.
b) Explain the variable and absorption techniques for profit reporting purposes.
c) Prepare different types of budgets.
d) Identify factors which affect human behaviour in budgetary planning and
control.
e) Evaluate strengths and weaknesses of alternative budget models.
f) Explain the use of standard costing.
g) Calculate basic variances.
h) Interpret the cause of variances, their interrelationships with another variances
and their relevance to management.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 40

15. Indicative Content
a) Introduction to management accounting:
 Financial versus management accounting.
 Profit reporting for management analysis.
 Variable costing.
 Absorption costing.
b) Budgeting:
 Budget preparation process.
 Preparation of subsidiary and master budgets.
 Cash budgets.
 Flexible and fixed budgets.
 Human aspects to budgeting.
 Alternative approaches to budgeting.
c) Standard costing:
 Purpose of standard costing.
 Types of standard costs.
 Basic variance analysis.

16. Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorials, assignments, group discussions

17. Prescribed Text

Drury C. (2006). Cost and Management Accounting: An Introduction, Thomson

Learning.
Lucey T. (2009): Costing, Cengage Learning, London.

18. Recommended Texts

Davidson, I. (2009). Budgetary Control in Modern Organisation. VDM Verlag.

Horngren C., Datar S. and Foster G. (2006). Cost Accounting: Managerial Emphasis,
13th edition, Pearson Education, London.
McKinsey, J. (2012). Budgetary Control. Ulan Press.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 41

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Taxation
3. Module Code: TAX 223
4. Level: 1
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: None
12. Module Descriptor

The module introduces students to elements of taxation, its functions, types and
principles. It covers tools government uses to collect tax, how to compute tax for an
individual, business (sole trader), partnership, and company, as well as, computation of
various rates and levies that are applicable in Malawi.

13. Module Aim

To equip students with knowledge of Malawi Taxation and the ability to apply this
knowledge in making tax computations

14. Intended Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module students should be able to:

a) Explain the importance of taxation to the economy.

b) Differentiate amongst the various types of taxes.
c) Compute tax for an individual.
d) Compute tax for a sole trader.
e) Compute tax for a partnership.
f) Compute tax for a company.
g) Discuss the tools used to collect tax.
h) List and compute the various rates and levies being collected in Malawi.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 42

15. Indicative Content

a) Introduction to Taxation.
b) Administration of Taxes.
c) Types of taxes.
d) Personal Liability Computation.
e) Taxation of Employment Income.
f) Fringe Benefit Tax.
g) Taxation of Investment income.
h) Capital Allowances.
i) Taxation of Partnerships.
j) Taxation of Incorporated Businesses.
k) Collection of Taxes.
l) Rates and Levies.

16. Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorials, assignments, group discussions

17. Prescribed Text

Kaplow, L. (2010). The Theory of Taxation and Public Economics. Princeton

University Press.

Malawi Government, (1986). The Taxation Act, Chapter 41:01, as amended. Zomba:
Malawi Government Printer.

18. Recommended Texts

Jones, S. & Rhoades – Catanach, S. (2012). Principles of Taxation for Business and
Investment Planning. McGraw Hill.

Lymer, A. (2013). Taxation: Policy and Practice, 20th Edition. Fiscal Publications.

Spiller, B., Ayers, B., Robinson, J. & Outslay, E. (2012). Taxation of Individuals and
Business Entities. McGraw-Hill.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 43

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Business Statistics
3. Module Code: STA 224
4. Level: 1
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-requisites: Fundamentals of Business Statistics
12. Module Descriptor
This module introduces students to statistical tools useful for making inferences about a
population in a climate of uncertainty in business.
13. Module Aim
The module aims at equipping the students with basic statistical tools that will enable
them to make inferences about populations for effective decision making.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Define the terms probability distribution and random variable.
b) Distinguish between discrete and continuous probability distributions.
c) Calculate the mean, variance, and standard deviation of probability distributions.
d) Describe the characteristics and compute probabilities using the Binomial,
Hyper geometric, Poisson, Normal distributions.
e) Conduct significance tests using the Normal, t and Chi-squared distributions.
f) Produce a forecast using the components of a time series.
g) Analyse relationships between variables through regression, correlation analysis
and analysis of variance.
h) Calculate index numbers
i) Interpret index numbers.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 44

15. Indicative Content:

a) Random variables and expected values: discrete versus continuous,

b) Probability Distributions: Discrete and Continuous
c) Sampling and Sampling Distributions: of the mean and proportion.
d) Estimation and Confidence Intervals: of the mean and proportion.
e) Significance tests:

f) Predictive Models:

16. Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorials, group discussions

17. Prescribed Texts

Francis A. (2004). Business Mathematics and Statistics, 6th edition, Thomson Learning.
Keller G. (2005). Statistics for Management and Economics, 7th edition, Thomson
Learning.
Gregory and Ward (1978). Statistics for Business, McGraw Hill, London.

18. Recommended Texts

Lind D.A., Marchal, W.G., and Wathen, S.A. (2005). Statistical Techniques in Business
and Economics, 12th edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Lucey, T. (2002). Quantitative Techniques. Cengage Learning.
Waters, D. (2008). Quantitative Methods for Business. Prentice Hall.
Wegner T. (2007). Applied Business Statistics, 2nd edition, Juta and Company.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 45

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Computer Applications
3. Module Code: CAP 225
4. Level: 1
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-requisites: None

12. Module Descriptor

The module introduces students to computer systems and application packages that are
mainly used in business offices. It covers computer system and its components, word
processing, spreadsheets, internet, databases and power point presentation.
13. Module Aim
To enable students to effectively determine and use appropriate application software
within the packages for the intended work to drive efficiency.

14. Intended Learning Outcomes

By the end of the course students should be able to:

a) Differentiate elements contained in different applications within a package

b) Use appropriate application software within a package for the intended work

c) Troubleshoot problems arising from the usage of IT Packages

15. Indicative Content

a) Computer System and its components
b) Word Processing
c) Spreadsheets
d) Internet and email
e) Internet applications in businesses

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 46

 f) Databases

g) PowerPoint Presentations:

16. Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, lab work, assignments, group discussions

17. Prescribed Texts

Habraken J. (2003). Microsoft Office 2003 All-in-One, 1st edition, Que.

Morley D. and Parker C. S. (2007). Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow,
11th edition, Thomson Course Technology.

18. Recommended Texts

White, R. And Downs, T. (2007). How Computers Work, 9th Edition. QUE.
Clements, A. (2006) Principles of Computer Hardware, 4th Edition. OUP Oxford.
Soh, J. et al (2013) Microsoft Office 365 Administration Inside Out, 1st Edition.
Microsoft Press.
Vanhuss, S., Forde, C., & Woo, D. (2011). Integrated Computer Applications. South
Western.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 47

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Organisational and Managerial Communication I
3. Module Code: COM 226
4. Level: 1
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% coursework, 60% examination
11. Pre-requisites: Business Communication

12. Module Descriptor

The module introduces students to various modes of organizational communication as

well as various types of interpersonal communication within and outside organizations.

13. Module Aim

To equip students with interpersonal, organisational and managerial communication

skills that will enable them communicate effectively.

14. Intended Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module students should be able to:

a) Analyse the flow of information in an organisation in order to implement

effective communication.
b) Demonstrate appropriate interpersonal skills.
c) Evaluate communication patterns in an organisation.
d) Communicate effectively with people from different cultures and levels.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 48

15. Indicative Content

(a) Organisational Communication.

 Functions of Communication in an organisation
 Channels and Flow of Communication in an Organisation
(b) Network Patterns
(c) Intercultural Communication
(d) General Barriers to Organisational Communication
(e) Interpersonal Communication
16. Learning and Teaching Methods

Lecturing, Tutorials, Presentations, Group Discussions, Peer Evaluation, Debates,

Assignments
17. Prescribed Texts
Bovee, C. & Thill, J. (2009). Business Communication Today. Prentice Hall
Guffey, M. & Loewy, D. (2009). Essentials of Business Communication. South
Western: Cengage Learning.
Munter, M. (2005). Guide to Managerial Communication. London: Prentice Hall.

18. Recommended Texts

Andrews, D. (1991). Business Communication. London: Collier Macmillan Publishers.

Beebe, S. & Masterson, J. (2010). Communicating in Small Groups: Principles and
Practices. Pearson.
Beebe, M. & Masterson, R. (2000). Communicating in Small Groups to an Audience.
London: Longman.
Berko, R., Wolvin, A., & Wolvin, D. (2003). Communicating: A Social and Career
Focus. Pearson Education.
Evans, D. (2000). People, Communication and Organizations. Financial Times/Prentice
Hall.
Gamble, T. & Gamble, M. (2002). Communication Works. New York: McGraw Hill.
Griffin, E. (2005). A First Look at Communication Theory. McGraw Hill College.
McCroskey, J. (2005). An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication. Pearson.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 49

6.5 YEAR THREE: SEMESTER ONE
UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship
3. Module Code: FOE 311
4. Level: 2
5. Credit: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented By: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hour/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-Requisites: None
12. Module Descriptor
This module introduces students to general principles and practice of entrepreneurship.
It covers concepts of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial processes, opportunity spotting,
analysis and exploitation.
13. Module Aim
The aim of the module is to equip students with essential principles and theories in
entrepreneurship which will help them perform effectively in business.
14. Intended Outcomes
By the end of the module, students should be able to:
a) Define entrepreneurial and small business ventures.
b) Explain the importance of entrepreneurship to the country
c) Differentiate between entrepreneurial ventures and small business.
d) Explain why big businesses leave gaps in the market.
e) Explain the difference between managing a small and a big business.
f) Analyse the challenges and risks of entrepreneurship.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 50

15. Indicative Content
a) The nature of entrepreneurship
b) The development of entrepreneurship
c) The entrepreneur
d) The entrepreneurial process
e) The window of opportunity
f) Selecting the form of venture:
16. Teaching And Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, assignments
17. Prescribed Texts
Hisrich, (2001). ‘Entrepreneurship’, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
Stokes, D., Wilson, N. and Mador, M (2010). Entrepreneurship, 1st Edition. Cengage
Learning Business Press
18. Recommended Texts
Burns, P. (2006). Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2nd Revised Edition. Palgrave
Macmillan.
Gupta C.B, Khanka S.S. (2003). Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management,
Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi, 4th Edition.
Nieman, G., Hough, J., & Nieuwenhuizen. (2006). Entrepreneurship, Van Schaik
Publishers. Pretoria.
Rwigema, H. & Venter, R. (2004). Advanced Entrepreneurship. Oxford University
Press. Cape Town.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 51

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Business Law for Entrepreneurs
3. Module Code: LAW 312
4. Level: 2
5. Credit: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented By: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-Requisites: General Principles of Law
12. Module Descriptor
This module introduces students to general and specific principles of Business Law that
are essential and applicable in every field of entrepreneurship.
13. Module Aim
The aim of the module is to provide students with essential legal knowledge and skills
required by an entrepreneur, and a broad insight of Business Law in entrepreneurship.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module, students should be able to:
a) Explain the principles and practical application of Business Law in the context
of entrepreneurship.
b) Describe the legal environment in which entrepreneurs and their enterprises
operate;
c) Analyse legal issues and problems;
d) Apply legal problem-solving techniques in resolving such issues and problems.
15. Indicative Content
a) Legal aspects of business organizations:
 Sole proprietor.
 Partnerships.
 Limited companies.
 Co-operatives.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 52

 b) Introduction to Land Transactions:
 Types of land.
 Landlord and tenant issues.
 Land as security.
 Buying and selling freehold/leasehold/customary land.
 Role of estate agents and lawyers.
c) Basic Loan Security Law
 Loan agreements, mortgages, debentures and guarantees;
 Responsibility for cheques, promissory notes, bills of exchange and
Letters of Credit;
 Bills of sale and agricultural securities.
 Security payment: charges (property of private persons & companies)
d) Introduction to Intellectual Property:
 Copyright Trade Marks, Patents, Registered Designs and Trade Secrets;
 Benefits and advantages of intellectual property;
 Licensing agreements, and franchises;
 Piracy, protection and anti-infringement strategies;
 Enforcement of intellectual property rights;
e) Introduction to Insolvency:
 Bankruptcy of sole properties and partners;
 Voluntary and involuntary liquidation of limited companies;
 Receiverships and schemes of arrangement;
 Consequences of insolvency.
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, assignments
17. Prescribed Texts
Bagley, C.E. and Dauchy, C..E. (2007). The Entrepreneur’s Guide to Business Law, 3rd
Edition. Cengage Learning.
Denis Keenan. (2006). Law for Business, 13th Edn, Pearson/Longman, London.
18. Recommended Texts
Charlesworth, G. S., Hudson A., & Frisby S. (2010). Company Law, 17th edition.
Thomson, Sweet and Maxwell.
Goulding, S. (1999). Company Law, 2nd edition. Cavendish publishing (e-book.)
Pacces, A. M., ed. (2010). The Law and Economics of Corporate Governance:
Changing Perspectives. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Tricker, B. (2009). Corporate Governance: Principles, Policy and Practice. Oxford

University Press.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 53

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Principles of Management
3. Module Code: POM 313
4. Level : 2
5. Credit: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecturer hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: None
12. Module descriptor
This module provides students with an understanding of the theory and practice of
management in organizations. It covers the management functions, practices and
philosophies that would assist students in identifying, analyzing and solving
management related problems.

13. Module Aim

To equip students with a range of management principles, techniques and skills needed
for effective and efficient management in the real business world.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Describe management functions.
b) Analyze the business environment to effectively apply the management
principles
c) Apply management principles and techniques to various business situations.
15. Indicative Content
a) Introduction:
 Defining the manager’s job.
 The environment of organisations.
 Social responsibility and managerial ethics
b) Planning.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 54

 c) Organizing.
d) Directing performance
 Leading
 Motivation
 Leadership
 Managing groups
 Controlling
e) Evaluating performance
16. Teaching and learning methods
Lectures, tutorials, assignments, group discussions
17. Prescribed Texts
Chuck, W. (2009). Principles of Management. South Western Publishing.
Robbins, S. & Coulter, M. (2011).Management. Prentice Hall.
18. Recommended Texts
Boone, L. and Kurtz, D. (1992). Management. New York: McGraw Hill.
Cole, G. and Kelly, P. (2011). Management Theory and Practice. Cengage Learning..
Kreitner, R., (2009). Principles of Management. Cengage Learning.
Robbins, S. (2009). Management. Prentice Hall.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 55

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: International Business Management
3. Module Code: IBM 314
4. Level : 2
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-requisites: None
12. Module Descriptor
The module introduces students to basic skills and concepts required to engage in global
business activities which is important to top entrepreneurs and business executives. The
course covers basic foreign markets entry strategies with the emphasis on practical
approaches.
13. Module Aim
The module aims to create entrepreneurial knowledge and skills in students on how to
penetrate and trade in regional and international markets to grow export trade
businesses.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the course students should be able to:
a) Assess cross-border business issues and be in a position to make decisions about
internationalisation of local businesses.
b) Appraise managerial perspectives of global business environments which directly
affect foreign trade and investment.
c) Identify practical factors which impact international business activities in differing
political, legal and cultural environments.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 56

15. Indicative Content
a) Introduction to international business
b) Regional Economic Integration
c) Global Monetary System
d) Global Business Strategies
e) Global Competitive Strategies
f) Global Marketing
g) Global Human Resource Management
h) Global Financial Management
i) Government – Business Relations
j) Global e-business

16. Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorials, assignments
17. Prescribed Texts
Deresky, Helen. (2006). International Management - Managing Across Boarders and
Cultures.
Johansson, Johny K. (2006). Global Marketing - Foreign Entry, Local Marketing &
Global Management.
18. Recommended Texts
Griffin, R.W. and Pustay, M.W. (2012). International Business, 7th Edition. Prentice
Hall.
Hill, C.W.L (2012). International Business, 9th Edition. MwGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Luthans, F. and Doh, J.P. (2011). International Management: Culture, Strategy and
Behaviour, 8th Edition. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 57

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Managerial Economics
3. Module Code: ECN 315
4. Level: 2
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorials hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: Microeconomics
12. Module Descriptor
This module introduces students to management problems from an economic point of
view and focuses on application of economic theory to day-to-day managerial decision
making.
13. Module Aim
To provide students with knowledge and techniques on how business entities operate in
their environments and how decisions should be made to achieve business objectives.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Describe profit maximization techniques
b) Explain variations in market structure and how it affects maximization of profits
c) Analyze pricing strategies used by firms.
d) Explain principles of business decision making under uncertainty.
e) Analyze real world problems and cases using cost and benefit analysis and
marginal analysis.
15. Indicative content
a) Meaning and concepts of managerial economics
b) Supply, demand and market equilibrium
c) Production, cost and profit maximization
d) The Firms and Competitive Strategies
e) Oligopoly models and firm behaviour
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 58
 f) Economics of incomplete information
g) Business Environment and Performance
h) Business Growth Strategies
19. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, group discussions
20. Prescribed Texts
Baye M. (2009). Managerial Economics and Business Strategy, McGraw Hill.
Bruce A. W., Doherty N. A., Mansfield E., and Weigelt K. (2009). Managerial
Economics: Theory, Applications and Cases, W.W. Norton & Company.
21. Recommended Texts
Boyes, W. (2011). Managerial Economics: Markets and the Firms. Mason: South-
Western Cengeng Learning.
Bruce, A., Doherty, N., Mansfield, E., & Weigelt, K. (2009). Managerial Economics:
Theory, Applications and Cases. W.W. Norton & Company.
Froeb, L. & McCann, B. (2010). Managerial Economics and Business Strategy.
McGraw-Hill.
Jones, T. (2005). Business Economics and Managerial Decision Making. John Wiley
and Sons.
Webster, T.J. (2003). Managerial Economics: Theory and Practice. London: Academic
Press London.
Wilkinson, N. (2005). Managerial Economics: Problem Solving Approach. London:
Cambridge University Press.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 59

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Introduction to Marketing
3. Module Code: MAR 316
4. Level : 2
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: None
12. Module descriptor
This module provides students with the basic knowledge for understanding the nature of
marketing, the guiding marketing management philosophies, the marketing
setting/environment, marketing planning and the marketing mix.
13. Module Aim
To provide students with the basic knowledge for understanding of marketing as a
business function.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Differentiate marketing from marketing functions.
b) Demonstrate understanding of the guiding marketing management philosophy.
c) Assess the impact of the environment on marketing performance.
d) Explain the various elements the marketing planning process, and the
importance and challenges of marketing planning.
e) Describe how the concepts of market segmentation, targeting and positioning
are central to marketing thinking.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 60

15. Indicative Content
a) Company orientations toward the marketplace/marketing management
philosophies.
b) Market-driven versus internally driven businesses.
c) Introducing the tools of marketing (the marketing mix).
d) The Marketing Environment.
e) Market Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning.
f) Pricing Strategy.
g) Managing products.
h) Distribution Strategy.
i) Marketing Planning.
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, group discussions and debates
17. Prescribed Texts
Amstrong, G. and Kotler, P. (2013). Marketing: An Introduction, Global Edition, 11th
Edition. Pearson Education.
Jobber D. (2007). Principles and Practice of Marketing, McGraw Hill International
(UK) Limited, England.
18. Recommended Texts
Baker M. J., (2006). Marketing: An Introductory Text, Westburn Publishers Ltd,
Scotland, UK.
Brassington, F. & Pettitt, S. (2006). Principles of Marketing. London: Prentice Hall.
Lamb, C.W.; Hair, J.F. and McDaniel, C. (2012). Marketing, 12th Edition. Cengage
Learning.
Pride, W. & Ferrell, O. (2012). Marketing. Houghton Mifflin Company.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 61

6.6 YEAR THREE: SEMESTER TWO
UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Business Research Methods
3. Module Code: BRM 321
4. Level: 2
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 60% course work, 40% examination
11. Prerequisites: None
12. Module Descriptor
This module provides students with a clear guide on the key elements of the business
research process. Essentially, the module prepares the students for the final year
research project.
13. Module Aim
To equip students with relevant knowledge and skills to undertake business research
projects.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Identify a researchable topic.
b) Conduct relevant literature review.
c) Determine the most appropriate research strategies for a variety of research
scenarios.
d) Select appropriate methods and techniques for data collection and analysis.
e) Develop a full research proposal.
15. Indicative Content
a) The Nature of Business Research.
b) Critical Literature Review.
c) Research Philosophies and Approaches.
d) Research Design.
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 62
 e) Negotiating Access and Research Ethics.
f) Data Collection:
 Sampling;
 Data Collection Methods.
g) Quantitative and Qualitative Data Analysis Techniques.
h) Research Report writing.
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, group discussions, presentations.
17. Prescribed Texts
Collins J. and Hussey R. (2003). Business Research: A Practical Guide for
Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire.
Saunders M., Lewis P. and Thornhill, A. (2012). Research Methods for Business
Students, 6th Edition. Prentice Hall.
18. Recommended Texts
Bell, J. (2007). Doing Your Own Research Project, Open University Press, Berkshire.
Blumberg, B., Cooper D. and Schindler, P. (2005). Business Research Methods,
Berkshire, McGraw-Hill Education (UK) Limited.
Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (2006). Business Research Methods. OUP Oxford.
Collis, J. and Hussey, R. (2009). Business Research: A practical Guide for
Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students, 3rd Edition. Palgrave Macmillan.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 63

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Creativity and Innovation for Business
3. Module Code: CIB 322
4. Level: 2
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-requisites: None
12. Module Descriptor
The module introduces students to creative techniques for developing new products and
services. It develops students’ capability to creative problem solving and then advances
to develop students’ lateral thinking that helps bring about brilliant and startling ideas
for new products and services for new venture creation.
13. Module Aim
To help restructure students’ thinking approaches to be more critical, curious and
strategic when looking at the world to uncover opportunities which would have never
been taken advantage of.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Generate new ideas for improving existing products, services and strategies.
b) Create new products and services.
c) Generate radical ideas for assessment and making business cases.
d) Analyse problems from the creative perspective to find optimum solutions.
15. Indicative Content
a) Introduction to creativity and Innovation for business:
c) Defining the concepts: creativity and innovation.
d) Types of innovation.
e) Reasons for innovating.
f) Creativity and innovation for entrepreneurs.
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 64
 g) The creative pause.
h) Learning from failure or success.
b) The creative and innovation process:
 Mastering the creative techniques.
 Hunting down problems and opportunities.
 Ideas generation processes and assessment.
 Feasibility studies.
 Business planning.
 Getting innovation to the market.
c) Creative problem solving techniques:
 Reverse brainstorming, Five Whys, appreciative enquiry Appreciation,
Concept Fan, Cause & Effect Diagrams, Reframing Matrices
 Decision Making Techniques: Paired Comparison, Grid Analysis, Force
Field Analysis, Six Thinking Hats, Decision trees, Cost benefit analysis.
 The creative techniques and applications: Scamper, Reversal techniques,
Attribute listing & Morphological Analysis, Provocation, Random input,
Simplex method.
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, group discussions, assignments.
17. Prescribed Texts
Blanchard, Z and Blencke, C. (2010). Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship.
Needle Rat Business.
Douglas Rushkoff., (2005). Get back in the box – Innovation from inside out. Harper
Collins Publishers.
Drucker, P.F. (2006). Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Reprint Edition. Harper
Business.
18. Recommended Texts
Dawson, P. and Andiopoulos, C. (2014). Managing Change, Creativity and Innovation,
2nd Edition. SAGE Publications Ltd.
Havard Business (2003). Managing Creativity and Innovations; Havard Business
Essentials. Havard Business Review Press, London.
Roger von Oech, (2004). A whack on the side of the head – How you can be more
creative. Warner Books.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 65

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Project Management
3. Module Code: PRM 323
4. Level: 2
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: None
12. Module Descriptor
Students will be introduced to concepts and frameworks for managing projects. The
module will cover project planning and monitoring tools and techniques.
13. Module Aim
To equip students with knowledge, skills and techniques of managing projects and also
the ability to apply these in real project management context
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Explain project management related concepts and the project management
framework.
b) Explain the importance of control in the project setup.
c) Analyse the tools and processes for project plan development.
d) Analyse project quality issues, project resource issues, project quality systems
and the management of changes during projects.
e) Analyse the key techniques available for managing finance and project risks.
f) Apply planning and monitoring tools and techniques as part of managing
projects.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 66

15. Indicative Content
a) Introduction to Project Management:
b) Project Management Framework:
c) Planning and Monitoring Tools and Techniques:
d) Management of Project Cost and Risk:
e) Project Team Structuring:
f) Project Control:
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, assignments, group discussions
17. Prescribed Texts
Gray C. and Larson E. (2008). Project Management: The Managerial Process.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Project Management Institute (2008). A Guide to the Project Management Body of
Knowledge. PMBOK Guide, PMI.
18. Recommended Texts
Meredith, J. & Mantel, S. (2008). Project Management: A Managerial Approach. Wiley
and Sons.
Kerzner, H. (2009). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling
and Controlling. John Wiley and Sons.
Schmidt, T. (2009). Strategic Project Management Made Simple: Practical Tools for
Leaders and Teams. John Wiley and Sons.
Horine, G. (2009). Absolute Beginner’s Guide to Project Management. Que Publishers.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 67

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Business Venture Creation 1
3. Module Code: BVC 324
4. Level : 3
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 0
9. Tutorial hours/week: 4
10. Method of Assessment: Opportunity spotting (idea generation) 10%,
Feasibility analysis & Progress reports, 10%,
Oral presentation of Feasibility Report 20%,
Business Feasibility Report 60%
11. Pre-requisites: Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship
12. Module Descriptor
The module engages the students’ creative faculties to think; generate ideas, spot
opportunities and exploit them through business venture creation. It covers opportunity
spotting or idea generation and analysis to conducting feasibility studies.

13. Module Aims

The aim of the module is to give students practical experience and support to turn their
creative ideas into new business ventures.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Identify a specific business opportunity or idea
b) Conduct feasibility studies on the idea (market analyses)
c) Evaluate the feasibility of the business opportunities or ideas
d) Develop Business Feasibility Reports for new business ventures

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15. Indicative Content
No formal instruction will take place but supervisors will provide guidance and support
to students throughout the opportunity / idea spotting and analysis process. Emphasis
will be placed on:
a) Ideas generation or opportunity spotting activities
b) Ideas and opportunities analysis
c) Market feasibility studies and analysis
d) Oral presentations of progress reports
e) Development and presentation of Business Feasibility Reports
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Tutorials, mentoring.
17. Prescribed Texts
Haude, C. (2013). Feasibility Study: Preparation and Analysis, 3rd Edition. PCH
Publications.
Lussier, R., Corman, J. and Kimball, D. (2014) Entrepreneurial New Venture Skills, 3rd
Edition. Routledge.
Zaharuddin, H. (2008). A To Z Entrepreneur in Practice: Business Feasibility Study.
Dian Anugerah Prakasa.
18. Recommended Texts
Barringer, B. and Ireland, D. (2007). Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New
Ventures. Prentice Hall.
Bell J. (2007). Doing Your Research Project, Open University Press, Buckingham.
Saunders M. Lewis P. and Thornhill A. (2003). Research Methods for Business
Students, Prentice Hall, Madrid.
Jankowicz A. (2004). Business Research Projects, Cengage Business Press, London.

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 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Entrepreneurship Theory
3. Module Code: ETH 325
4. Level: 2
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-requisites: None
12. Module Descriptor
The module introduces students to contemporary theories governing entrepreneurship
practice. The course analyses and appraises students to theories that will enable them
understand entrepreneurial best practice.
13. Module Aim
The aim of the module is to provide students with knowledge and understanding of
theories and their application.
14. Intended Outcomes
By the end of this module students should be able to:
a) Describe the behaviour of entrepreneurs in various situations.
b) Identify problems associated with the management of business.
c) Explain theories that influence entrepreneurs’ performance.
15. Indicative Content
An overview of entrepreneurship theories:
a) Resource Based View Theory.
b) Stakeholders Theory.
c) Self Bias Theory.
d) Sunk Investment and resistance to exit theory.
e) Tacit and explicit knowledge theory.
f) Grief over failed venture theory.
g) Start-ups and Venture Capitalist assessment theory.
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 70
 h) Venture Capitalists’ knowledge of successful ventures theory.
i) Cognitive theory for entrepreneurial risk-taking.
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, assignments
17. Prescribed Texts
Kuratko D.F. and R.M. Hodgetts (2007). Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process and
Practice, 7th Edition South- Western.
Shane, S. (2003). A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: The Individual-Opportunity
Nexus. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Ubom, E., (2003). Entrepreneurship, Small and Medium Enterprises: Theory, Practices
& Policies. Lagos, Sendina Limited.
18. Recommended Texts
Hisrich, R. D., & Peters, M. P. (2002). Entrepreneurship. Boston: Irwin/Mc Graw Hill.
Rice, M.P., and Matthew, J.B. (1995). Growing new ventures, creating new jobs:
principles and practices of successful business incubation. Westport, CT:
Quorum Books.
Timmons, J. A (2000). New Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st century.
Burr Ridge: Irwin.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 71

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Performance Management
3. Module Code: MAC 326
4. Level: 2
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours / week: 3
9. Tutorial hours / week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-requisites: none
12. Module Descriptor
This module introduces students to areas pertaining to performance measurement and
recent developments in business management.
13. Module Aim
To provide students with managerial skills to manage performance strategically
14. Intended Learning outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Design performance measurement systems.
b) Explain the impact of performance measurement on human behaviour.
c) Evaluate the use of alternative basis for transfer pricing.
d) Evaluate performance measures relevant to an organisation structure.
e) Evaluate the performance measurement models for improving performance
measurement.
f) Predict and prevent corporate failure.
15. Indicative Content
a) Designing performance measurement systems.
b) Behavioural aspects of performance measurement.
c) Divisional performance:
 Responsibility accounting.
 Evaluating investment centre – ROI.

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  Residual income.
 Economic value added.
 Use of non accounting methods.
d) Transfer pricing
e) Modern Performance Measurement Models:
 Balanced Score Card
 Performance Pyramid
 Building Blocks
f) Predicting and preventing corporate failure
g) Recent developments in management accounting:
 Business process reengineering
 Bench marking
 Just in time systems
 Kaizen
 Back flush accounting
 Throughput accounting
 Target costing
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, assignments
17. Prescribed Texts
Aguinis, H. (2012). Performance Management, 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall.
Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P (1996). The Balanced Score Card: Translating Strategy
into Action, 1st Edition. Harvard Business Review Press.
Parmenter, D. (2010). Key Performance Indicators: Developing, Implementing and
Using Winning KPIs, 2nd Edition. Wiley.
18. Recommended Texts
Cokins, G. (2009”). Performance Management: Integrating Strategy Execution,
Methodologies, Risk and Analysis, 1st Edition. Wiley.
Daniels, A.C. and Bailey, J.S. (2014). Performance Management: Changing Behaviour
that Drives Organisational Performance, 5th Edition. Performance Management
Publications.
Pulokas, E.D. (2009). Performance Management: A New Approach for Driving
Business Results, 1st Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.

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6.7 YEAR FOUR: SEMESTER ONE
UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Financial Management
3. Module Code: FIN 411
4. Level: 3
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11 Pre-requisites: None
12. Module Descriptor
This module introduces students to concepts in the field of finance and focuses on the
relationship of risk to return and the maximisation of wealth of shareholders.
13. Module Aim
To equip students with financial management skills for use in profit making
organisations.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Discuss the role of financial management in organisations.
b) Evaluate the different sources of finance available to business organisations.
c) Calculate cost of different sources of finance.
d) Analyse the risks associated with the different sources of finance.
e) Appraise the techniques to manage the different components of working capital.
f) Analyse challenges of capital budgeting.
g) Evaluate effects of dividend decisions.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 74

15. Indicative Content
a) Introduction:
 Financial objectives of business organisations.
 Stakeholder analysis.
 Agency theory.
 Incentive schemes.
b) Time value of money:
 Compounding and discounting.
 Annuities and perpetuities.
c) Sources of Finance.
d) Cost of capital.
e) Capital structure.
f) Working capital management.
g) Investment appraisal decisions:
h) Dividend policy.
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, assignments, group discussions
17. Prescribed Texts
Brigham, E.F. and Houston, J.F. (2014). Fundamentals of Financial Management,
Concise 8th Edition. Cengage Learning.
Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C. (2013). Financial Management: Theory and
Practice, 14th Edition. Cengage Learning.
Horne, J. & Wachowicz, J. (2008). Fundamentals of Financial Management. Pearson
Education.
18. Recommended Texts
Atrill, P. (2011). Financial Management for Decision Makers, Pearson Education.
Block, S et al (2010). Foundations of Financial Management, 14th Edition. McGraw-
Hill/Irwin.
Brooks, R. (2012). Financial Management: Core Concepts, 2nd Edition. Prentice Hall.
Ross,S., Westerfield, R. & Jordan, B. (2010). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance.
McGraw Hill.
Titman S., Martin J. and Keown A. (2010). Financial Management: Principles and
Applications, International Edition, Pearson Education.

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 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Strategic Management
3. Module Code: STM 412
4. Level: 3
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: Principles of Management
12. Module descriptor
In this module, students will be introduced to the principles and techniques used to
analyze strategic theories, problems and practices and apply these principles and
techniques to real-life situations through case analysis.
13. Module Aims
To enable students gain knowledge and acquire skills required to analyze complex
management situations from a strategist’s perspective, primarily using the tool of case
analysis.
14. Intended Learning outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Produce vision and mission statements for firms in various industries.
b) Construct matrixes as a basis for strategy formulation.
c) Formulate strategies for firms operating in different industries.
d) Evaluate the effectiveness of the firm’s strategy, including a detailed assessment
of the financial condition of an enterprise.
e) Analyze an industry
f) Evaluate the strategy of firms competing in the industry.

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15. Indicative Content
a) The Nature of Strategic Management
b) The Business Vision and Mission
c) The External Assessment
d) The Internal Assessment
e) Strategies in Action
f) Strategy Analysis and Choice
g) Implementing Strategies: Management and Operations Issues
h) Implementing Strategies: Marketing, Finance/Accounting, R&D, And MIS
Issues
i) Strategy Review, Evaluation, and Control
j) Business Ethics, Social responsibility and Environmental Sustainability
k) Global and International Issues
16. Teaching and Learning methods
Lectures, tutorials, case studies, group discussions and debates
17. Prescribed Texts
David F. R. (2010). Strategic Management: Concepts, 13th Edition. Prentice Hall,
Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Johnson, J., Kevan, S., Whittington, R. (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy.
Financial Times/Prentice Hall.
18. Recommended Texts
Chan, V.S. and Witcher, B.J. (2010). Strategic Management. Cengage Learning
Business Press.
Lynch, R. (2011). Strategic Management, 6th Edition. Prentice Hall.
Hitt, M.,Ireland, D. & Hoskisson, R. (2008). Strategic Management competitiveness
and Globalization: Concepts and cases. Cengage Learning.
Ireland, D., Hoskisson, R. & Hitt, M. (2009). Management of Strategy: Concepts and
Cases. South Western.

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 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Corporate Entrepreneurship
3. Module Code: COR 413
4. Level: 2
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% Examination
11. Pre-Requisites: Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship
12. Module Descriptor
The module introduces students to concepts for the practice of entrepreneurship within
established organisations and corporations. It covers factors for effective
implementation of entrepreneurship in organisations.
13. Module Aim:
The aim of the module is to equip students with the knowledge and skills required to
practice as successful entrepreneurs in organizations.
14. Intended Outcomes:
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Describe the corporate obstacles preventing innovation from existing in
corporations.
b) Explain the corporate entrepreneurship considerations involved in re-
engineering corporate thinking.
c) Analyse corporate entrepreneurial characteristics.
d) Illustrate the interactive process of corporate entrepreneurship.
15. Indicative Content:
a) Introduction to corporate entrepreneurship
b) Why organisations need intrapreneurs
c) The Intrapreneurial Process
d) Implementing Intrapreneurship
e) The concept of culture in entrepreneurship
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 78
 f) Hofstede’s five dimensions of culture and their impact on entrepreneurship
g) Factors hampering intrapreneurship
h) The cases for cross cultural management skills
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, case studies, assignments
17. Prescribed Texts
Burns, P. (2013). Corporate Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship and Innovation in
Large Organisations, 3rd Edition. Palgrave Macmillan.
Hisrich, R. and Kearney, C. (2011). Corporate Entrepreneurship: How to Create a
Thriving Entrepreneurial Spirit throughout Your Company, 1st Edition.
MacGraw-Hill.
Morris, M., Kuratko, D. and Covin, J. (2010). Corporate Entrepreneurship and
Innovation, 3rd Edition. Cengage Learning.
18. Recommended Texts
Hisrich, (2001). Entrepreneurship, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
Morris, M.H. and Kuratko, D.F. (2002). Corporate Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial
development within organisations, London: Greenwood Publishing.
Nieman, G. Hough, J. and Niewenhuizen (2006). Entrepreneurship, Van Schark
Publishers, Pretoria.
Pichot, G. (2000). Intrapreneuring: Why you don’t have to leave the corporation to
become an entrepreneur. New York: Harper and Raw Publishers.
Saxenian, A., (1994). Regional Advantage: Culture and competition in Silicon Valley
and Route. Vol. 128. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA.

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 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme : Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Operations Management
3. Module Code: OPM 414
4. Level: 2
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: None
12. Module descriptor
The module introduces students to the concepts and practice of managing operations in
most types of businesses.
13. Module Aim
To equip students with conceptual knowledge and analytical skills necessary for
decision making on key operational decision areas.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Explain the implications of production systems design on operations
management.
b) Explain the importance of capacity planning and implications of under-capacity
and excess capacity for the firm.
c) Analyse cases and make decisions on facilities location and layout, quality
improvement and management, and cost control through inventory management.
15. Indicative Content
a) Introduction – nature of Production and Operations.
b) Forecasting and capacity planning.
c) Design of production systems.
d) Facility layout and location.
e) Quality management and control.
f) Inventory and Warehousing management.
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 80
 g) Transportation and fleet management.
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, case studies and group discussions
17. Prescribed Texts
Heizer, J. and Render, B. (2013). Operations Management, 11th Edition. Prentice Hall.
Reid, R.D. and Sanders, N.R. (2012). Operations Management, 5th Edition. Wiley.
Slack N., Chambers S., Harland C., Harrison, A., and Johnson R. (2007). Operations
Management, Prentice Hall, London.
18. Recommended Texts
Greasley, A. (2009). Operations Management, 2nd Edition. Wiley.
Russell R. S., and Taylor B. W. (2008). Operations Management: Creating Value along
the Supply Chain, MA (US): John Willey & Sons, MA (US).
Schroeder, R. G, (2000). Operations Management: contemporary concepts. Boston:
McGraw-Hill.
Stevenson ,W. (2014). Operations Management, 12th Edition. McGraw-Hill.

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 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE MALAWI POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Marketing Management
3. Module Code: MAM 415
4. Level: 3
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: Introduction to Marketing
12. Module descriptor
The module introduces students to the use of marketing models to handle marketing and
organisation-wide situations, managing customer relationship, international marketing
and e-commerce.
13. Module Aim
To develop skills, abilities, attitudes, behaviour and competencies in students necessary
for the implementation of marketing management activities
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Analyse marketing concepts, issues and situations,
b) Solve marketing problems in complex and dynamic marketing situations.
c) Develop marketing strategies and tactical plans in the context of environmental
challenges and opportunities.
15. Indicative Content
a) Introduction to Marketing Management
b) Case Study Analysis Review
c) Marketing Models
d) Analyzing Competitors and Creating a Competitive Advantage
e) Marketing of Services
f) Relationship and Internal Marketing
g) Marketing Planning and Control
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 82
 h) International Marketing
i) E-Commerce
j) Customer Care/Service
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, group discussions and debates
17. Prescribed Texts
Kotler, P. and Keller, K. (2011). Marketing Management, 14th Edition. Prentice Hall.
Marshall, G. and Johnston, M. (2014) Marketing Management, 2nd Edition. McGraw-
Hill.
18. Recommended Texts
Jobber D., (2007). Principles and Practice of Marketing, McGraw Hill International
(UK) Limited, England.
Kotler P. and Armstrong G., (2005). Marketing Management, Prentice Hall Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Lamb, C.W., Hair, J.F. and McDaniel, C. (2012). Marketing, 12th Edition. Cengage
Learning.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 83

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: E-Business
3. Module Code: EBS 416
4. Level: 3
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lectures hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Prerequisites: None
12. Module Description
The module introduces students to e-business models and explores the range of business
opportunities and challenges that come with internet and mobile technology.
13. Module Aim
To enable students gain a comprehensive view of contemporary business environment
in order to identify, exploit and manage emergent opportunities and challenges arising
from the dynamic technological environment.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Explain the role and significance of E-business in traditional business strategies
and as a standalone business strategy.
b) Explain the major categories and key elements of a business model, and the role
of revenue models.
c) Analyze conceptual and practical challenges in E-business Applications
Development options.
d) Analyze the implications for marketing of Mobile Commerce, Social Media and
the digital economy.

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15. Indicative Content
a) Introduction to E-business & Role in the current business environment
b) E-business Strategy and models
c) E-Business Applications Development Options
d) The Economics of E-Business (Digital Economy)
e) E-Marketing and Social Media Marketing
f) E-Commerce
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, case studies and group discussions.
17. Prescribed Texts
Laudon, K. and Traver, C. (2014). E-Commerce 2014, 10th Edition. Pearson.
Plant, R. (2000). E-Business and E-Commerce: Formulation of Strategy, 1st Edition.
Prentice Hall.
Turban E., King D., Viehland D. and Lee J. (2008). Electronic Commerce: A
Managerial Perspective, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, USA.
18. Recommended Texts
Chaffey, D. (2011). E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 5th Edition. Prentice
Hall.
Chen S. (2001): Strategic Management of E-business, John Wiley & Sons, London.
McPheat, S., (2011). Developing an Internet Marketing Strategy. The Internet
Marketing Academy & Ventus Publishing ApS. Available at
www.bookboon.com
Taprial, V., & Kanwar, P., (2011). Understanding Social Media. Ventus Publishing
ApS . Available at www.bookboon.com

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 85

6.8 YEAR FOUR: SEMESTER TWO
UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
1. Module title: Human Resource Management
2. Module code: HRM 421
3. Level: 3
4. Credits: 10
5. Presented to: Senate
6. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
7. Lecture hours/week: 3
8. Tutorial hours/week: 1
9. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
10. Prerequisites: None
11. Module descriptor
This module introduces students to the key areas essential to the HR function. It
focuses on the nature and context of HRM, employee resourcing, maintenance and
development of HR as well as managing employee relations.
12. Module Aim
To enable students develop knowledge and skills required to effectively manage an
organization’s key and unique resource – the people.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module, students should be able to:
a) Explain the nature and context of HRM
b) Explain the key components of employee resourcing strategy
c) Explain the importance of developing human resources and the value of creating
a learning organisation
d) Explain the role of trade unions and their significance in today’s organisations
e) Analyse the key principles associated with effective management of employee
performance
f) Analyse issues in international HRM
g) Evaluate various employee participation and involvement strategies

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 86

15. Indicative Content
a) The nature, Models and Context of HRM
b) Job Design and Job Analysis.
c) Human Resource Planning.
d) Recruitment, Selection, Induction.
e) Reward Management.
f) Performance management/Appraisal.
g) Human Resource Development;
 Employee Training.
 Management Development.
 Career Management.
 The Learning Organization.
h) Employee Relations;
 Employee Participation and Involvement.
 Trade Unions.
 Grievance Handling and Disciplinary Procedures.
i) International HRM.
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, group discussions.
17. Prescribed Texts
Armstrong M. (2010). A Handbook of Human Resource Management, Kogan Page,
London.
Mondy, R. W. (2008). Human Resource Management, 10th edition, Pearson
International Edition.
18. Recommended Texts
Carrell M. et.al, (2000): Human Resource Management: Strategies for Managing a
Diverse and Global Work Force. Dryden Press.
Gomez-Mejia, L., Balkin, D. & Cardy, R. (2009). Managing Human Resources.
Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Mondy, W. & Noe, R. (2005). Human Resource Management. Pearson/ Prentice Hall.
Torrington, D., Hall, L. & Taylor, S. (2005). Human Resource Management. Prentice
Hall.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Page 87

 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Business Planning and Development
3. Module Code: BPD 422
4. Level: 3
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-requisites: none
12. Module Descriptor
The module equips students with requisite skills in the designing and development of
business plans.
13. Module Aim
To equip students with knowledge and skills for the designing, planning and developing
business plans.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Apply the fundamentals of business planning, designing, and development.
b) Synthesise business functions/departments and their processes.
c) Develop the business plan.
d) Apply business planning, designing and development skills in different
entrepreneurial scenarios.
15. Indicative Content
a) Introduction:
i) Fundamental of a business plan.
j) Design and develop a business plan.
k) Business Planning Process.
l) Elements and Design of a Business Plan.

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 b) The Working Business:
 Optimality and sub-optimality.
 Synthesis of coherent functions of the business (marketing, finance,
accounting, legal etc).
 Application of entrepreneurial process.
 Relevance of team and networking and their strategies.
 Primary and secondary research in business establishment.
 Significance of communication skills in business.
 Sensitivity analysis in business plans.
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, case studies, travel, internship
17. Prescribed Texts
Bangs, D.H (2002). The Business Planning Guide, 9th Edition. Kaplan Publishing.
Maynard, T.H. and Warren, D.M. (2010). Business Planning. Aspen Publishers.
Sorensen, H. (2012). Business Development: A Market Oriented Perspective, 1st
Edition. Wiley.
18. Recommended Texts
Drake, J.D. (2011). Business Planning: Closely held Enterprises, 3rd Edition. West.
Harvard Business School, (2007). Creating a Business Plan: Expert Solutions to
Everyday Challenges. Havard Pocket Mentor Services.
Osterwalder, A. and Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business Model Generation: A Handbook for
Visoneries, Game Changers and Challengers, 1st Edition. John Wiley and Sons.
Spurlock, S.S. (2013). Business Development: A Practical Guide for Small Professional
Services Firm. Create Space Independent Publishing Platform.
.

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 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Business Venture Creation 2
3. Module Code: BVC 423
4. Level : 3
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 0
9. Tutorial hours/week: 4
10. Method of Assessment: Market studies reports 10%
Oral presentation 30%
Business Plan 60%
11. Pre-requisites: Business Venture Creation 1
12. Module Descriptor
The module challenges students to develop business plans based on the feasibility
studies on ideas and or opportunities spotted in the previous module. The module
involves conducting of further market studies and developing business plan for new
ventures or growing existing businesses.
13. Module Aim
This module aims to move the students closer to realising their creative ideas and
exploit opportunities through business venture start-ups.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Conduct market studies and analysis following on from the feasibility reports.
b) Develop Business Plans for start-ups or growing existing businesses.
c) Engage in connecting with business support stakeholders to realise their
business plans.

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15. Indicative Content
No formal instructions will take place but supervisors and mentors will provide
guidance and support to students throughout the venture planning process. Emphasis
will be placed on:
a) Market studies and analysis.
b) Resource and Business planning for start-up.
c) Development of Business Plans for Start-up.
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Tutorials and mentoring
17. Prescribed Texts
Barringer, B. and Ireland, D. (2007). Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New
Ventures. Prentice Hall.
Lussier, R., Corman, J. and Kimball, D. (2014) Entrepreneurial New Venture Skills, 3rd
Edition. Routledge.
18. Recommended Texts
Abrams, R. (2010). Successful Business Plan: Secrets and Strategies, 5th Edition.
Planning Shops
Mc Keever, M. (2012). How to Write a Business Plan, 11th Edition. NOLO.
Staff of Entrepreneur Media (2010). Start Your Own Business, 5th Edition. Entrepreneur
Press.
Sutton, G. (20120 Writing Winning Business Plans, Reprint Edition. RDA Press LLC.

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 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Health, Safety and Welfare Management
3. Module Code: HSW 424
4. Level : 3
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-requisites: None
12. Module Descriptor
This module introduces students to principles and management of health, safety and
welfare in the work place.
13. Module Aim
The aim of the module is to provide students with knowledge and understanding of
health, safety and welfare Law and its application in the management of various
industrial situations.
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Demonstrate an understanding of essential aspects of health, safety and welfare
law that impact on entrepreneurial enterprises;
b) Comply with health, safety and welfare matters and issues in enterprises;
c) Promote health, safety and welfare laws in enterprises.
15. Indicative Content
a) General Introduction to the Law of Health and Safety;
 Common law torts and duties.
 Statutory laws and regulations.
 Civil and criminal liability for breach.
b) Health and Safety at Work:
 Employer rights and responsibilities;

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  Employee rights and responsibilities;
 General and particular duties.
c) General and Safety Health Requirements at Work:
 Safety requirements, duties, and obligations concerning the prevention
and control of accidents and injuries arising from.
 Fire and electricity hazards.
 Manual and mechanical handling and lifting equipment.
 Tools and machines.
 Working and walking surfaces, and floors.
 Transporting and handling hazardous chemicals, materials and waste.
d) Health, Safety and Welfare in Factories, Offices and Shops;
 Provision and use of work equipment and personal protective equipment.
 Food and product safety, materials handling and product recalls.
 Ventilation and prevention of industrial and public health diseases.
e) Enforcement of Health and Safety Laws and Regulations;
 Incident and accident investigation, recording, and reporting.
 Reporting of injuries, diseases, and dangerous occurrences.
 Compensation for injuries at work:
 Civil remedies.
 Rights against insurers.
 Limitation of actions.
 Prosecution for criminal offences.
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, assignments.
17. Prescribed Texts
Boyle, T. (2008). Health and Safety: Risk Management, 3rd Edition. Routledge.
Hughes, P. et al (2009). Introduction to Health and Safety at Work, 4th Edition,
Butterworth – Heinemann, Oxford.
18. Recommended Texts
Chadder, P. and Duncan, M. (2014). Health and Safety at Work Essentials, 8th Edition.
Lawpack Publishing Ltd.
Roughton, James, (2002). Developing an Effective Safety Culture, Butterworth –
Heinemann, Massachusetts.
Stranks, J. (2005). Health and Safety Law, 5th Edition. Prentice Hall.

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 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Small Business Management
3. Module Code: SBM 425
4. Level: 3
5. Credit: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented By: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours/week: 3
9. Tutorial hours/week: 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-Requisites: None
12. Module Descriptor
The module introduces students to key aspects in managing small business enterprises.
It covers the objectives and challenges of owning small businesses, staffing and
succession planning, purchasing and marketing strategies for small businesses.
13. Module Aim
To impart knowledge and understanding of small business Management and get an
insight of how these small businesses can change people’s lives.
14. Intended Outcomes
After completion of this module students should be able to:
a) Explain how to avoid some mistakes prevalent in small business management.
b) Examine strategies that contribute to successful management of a small business
either as a manager or owner
c) Appraise sources of finance for the small businesses.
d) Analyse the benefits of healthy small businesses in Malawi.
e) Evaluate the methods an entrepreneur can enter the market environment
15. Indicative Content
a) Understanding the concept of Small business:
 Defining small business.
 Classification of small enterprises in various countries.
 Reasons for small business existence in an economy.

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  Importance of SMEs to the country.
 The development of SME policy in Malawi.
b) Managing the Small Business:
 Challenges facing small business management.
 Applying the Principles of Management.
 Factors that make managing small business difficult.
c) Managing the Micro Business:
 Skills needed to run a micro business.
 Planning to increase the potential for success of a micro business.
 Mistakes made and problems experienced by micro business owners.
d) SME Enabling Environment:
 Business support required by emerging SME owners.
 The role stakeholders in developing the small business sector.
e) Growth and Failure of small businesses:
 Stakeholders’ theory.
 Cultural influence on small business operations.
 Globalisation and barriers to business social responsibility (BSR) for
small businesses.
a) Networking in Small Business:
 The Importance and principles of networking.
 Entrepreneurial networks and access to resources.
 Types of networks.
16. Teaching and Learning Method
Lectures, tutorials, group discussions
17. Prescribed Texts
Deakins, D. & Freel, M. (2009). Entrepreneurship and Small Business Firms, London:
McGraw-Hill.
Nieman, G. (2006). Small Business Management Van Schark Publishers, Pretoria.
18. Recommended Texts
David, H. (2004). Entrepreneurship: New Venture Creation. New Delhi: Prentice Hall.
Newberry, T. (2004). Success is Not an Accident. Mumbai: Magna Books Ltd.
Stokes, D. & Wilson, N. (2002). Small Business Management and Entrepreneurship,
London: Cengage Learning EMEA.

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 UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI – THE POLYTECHNIC
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT
1. Programme: Bachelor of Commerce in Entrepreneurship
2. Module Title: Risk Management
3. Module Code: RIM 426
4. Level: 3
5. Credits: 10
6. Presented to: Senate
7. Presented by: Faculty of Commerce
8. Lecture hours /week: 3
9. Tutorial hours /week) : 1
10. Method of Assessment: 40% course work, 60% examination
11. Pre-requisites: None
12. Module Descriptor
The module introduces students to principles of risk management as a corporate
decision making process. Students will develop an understanding of theories and
frameworks associated with the management of all risks affecting a business setting.
13. Module aim
To equip students with knowledge and skills for creating a conceptual framework for
analyzing risk and making decisions in a corporate setting
14 Intended learning outcomes
By the end of the module students should be able to:
a) Explain the drivers behind an organization's appetite and consequent policy for
managing risks.
b) Explain the various tools and techniques for identifying, measuring and
communicating risk.
c) Describe the various frameworks and codes enshrining good governance
practices.
d) Develop risk response strategies to particular risks.

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15. Indicative content
a) Nature and impact of risk.
b) Principles of risk management.
c) Tools and techniques for managing risk.
d) General risk management.
e) Financial risk management.
f) Enterprise risk management.
16. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures, tutorials, assignments
17 Prescribed Texts
Coleman S. (2004) A Practical Guide to Risk Management, Prentice Hall, New York.
Hopkin, P (2012). Fundamentals of Risk Management: Understanding, Evaluating and
Implementing Effective Risk Management, 2nd Edition. Kogan Page.
Jorion, P. (2007). Financial Risk Manager Handbook, John Wiley and Sons.
18 Recommended Texts
Frenkel, M., Hommel U., Dufey, G. and Rudolf M. (2007). Risk Management, Springer.
Jorion, P. (2007). Value at Risk: The New Benchmark for Managing Financial Risk, Mc
Graw-Hill Professional.
Jeynes, J. (2002). Risk Management: 10 Principles, Butterworth- Heinemann.
Vose, D. (2008). Risk Analysis: A Quantitative Guide, 3rd Edition. John Wiley and
Sons.

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