ENERGY
• LESSON AIM:
• WHAT IS ENERGY?
• SUCCESS CRITERIA:
• DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT OF ENERGY AS THE ABILITY TO DO WORK
• KNOW THAT ENERGY IS MEASURED IN UNITS OF JOULES
• IDENTIFY DIFFERENT FORMS OF ENERGY AND HOW THEY CAN BE STORED AND TRANSFERRED
• KEY WORDS:
• ENERGY KINETIC ENERGY POTENTIAL ENERGY GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY
• CHEMICAL ENERGY ELECTRICAL ENERGY NUCLEAR ENERGY SOUND ENERGY LIGHT /RADIANT ENERGY
• ENERGY TRANSFER THERMAL/HEAT ENERGY ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
• VALUE:
• EXCELLENCE
• HOMEWORK:
• GO THROUGH TEST
ENERGY
• WORK BOOK: PAGE 97-113
• TEXT BOOK: PAGE 122-137
WHAT IS
ENERGY?
• ENERGY IS SOMETHING THAT
CAN MAKE MATTER MOVE OR
CHANGE.
• IT IS THE ABILITY TO DO
WORK.
• ENERGY IS MEASURED IN
JOULES (J).
[Link]
• HTTP://[Link]/
SCIENCE/ENERGY/FORMSOFENE
RGY/
• USERNAME:
ACGPARNELLCOLLEGE
• PASSWORD: TITOKI
• HTTPS://[Link]/
WATCH?V=-
8ATIC3XIXY&AB_CHANNEL=ANA
STASIAS
HOMEWORK
GO THROUGH TEST
ENERGY
• LESSON AIM:
• WHAT IS ENERGY?
• SUCCESS CRITERIA:
• DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT OF ENERGY AS THE ABILITY TO DO WORK
• KNOW THAT ENERGY IS MEASURED IN UNITS OF JOULES
• IDENTIFY DIFFERENT FORMS OF ENERGY AND HOW THEY CAN BE STORED AND TRANSFERRED
• KEY WORDS:
• ENERGY KINETIC ENERGY POTENTIAL ENERGY GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY
• CHEMICAL ENERGY ELECTRICAL ENERGY NUCLEAR ENERGY SOUND ENERGY LIGHT /RADIANT ENERGY
• ENERGY TRANSFER THERMAL/HEAT ENERGY ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
• VALUE:
• EXCELLENCE
• HOMEWORK:
• GO THROUGH TEST
KINETIC ENERGY
• ALL MOVING THINGS HAVE KINETIC ENERGY.
• THE HEAVIER A THING IS AND THE FASTER IT
MOVES THE MORE KINETIC ENERGY IT HAS.
SOUND ENERGY
• A VIBRATING DRUM AND A PLUCKED
GUITAR STRING TRANSFER ENERGY TO
THE AIR AS SOUND.
• KINETIC ENERGY FROM THE MOVING AIR
MOLECULES TRANSFERS THE SOUND
ENERGY TO YOUR EARDRUM.
THERMAL/HEAT ENERGY
• THIS IS WHAT WE CALL ENERGY THAT COMES FROM HEAT.
LIGHT ENERGY
• ENERGY THAT IS CARRIED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.
E.G. LIGHT THAT COMES FROM THE SUN OR A TORCH!
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
• ENERGY CAN BE TRANSFERRED BY
THE MOVEMENT OF ELECTRONS.
CHEMICAL ENERGY
• THIS IS A GOOD WAY OF STORING ENERGY.
• PETROL, BATTERIES AND EVEN FOOD STORE CHEMICAL ENERGY.
GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
• A ROCK ON A MOUNTAIN HAS STORED
ENERGY BECAUSE OF ITS POSITION ABOVE
THE GROUND AND THE PULL OF GRAVITY.
• THIS IS THE ENERGY IT WOULD RELEASE IF IT
FELL.
VIDEO: SWINGING PENDULUM
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY (STRAIN ENERGY)
• A STRETCHED SPRING OR ELASTIC BAND HAS THIS TYPE OF ENERGY.
• THE ENERGY CAN BE CONVERTED TO KINETIC ENERGY.
NUCLEAR ENERGY
• THIS TYPE OF ENERGY IS CREATED
WHEN RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES ARE
SPLIT.
ENERGY
CHANGES
ENERGY CHANGES HAPPEN
WHEN:
• •ENERGY IS TRANSFERRED
(MOVED) FROM ONE OBJECT
TO ANOTHER OBJECT, ENERGY
CAN STAY IN THE SAME FORM.
• •ENERGY IS TRANSFORMED
(CHANGED) INTO OTHER
FORMS, ENERGY IS USUALLY
TRANSFORMED INTO MORE
THAN ONE FORM.
ENERGY REVIEW 1
• GIVE THE ENERGY
TRANSFORMATIONS FOR …….
ENERGY REVIEW 2
• GIVE THE ENERGY
TRANSFORMATIONS FOR …….
ENERGY REVIEW 3
• GIVE THE ENERGY
TRANSFORMATIONS FOR …….
HOMEWORK
WORKBOOK PG 100 – 101
• LESSON AIM:
• THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
ENERGY
• SUCCESS CRITERIA:
• EXPLAIN WHETHER CONSERVATION OF ENERGY IS A THEORY OR A LAW.
• UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A SCIENTIFIC LAW AND A SCIENTIFIC THEORY
• STATE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
• DESCRIBE ENERGY TRANSFERS IN SIMPLE CONTEXTS
• KEY WORDS:
• SCIENTIFIC LAW SCIENTIFIC THEORY
• VALUE:
• EXCELLENCE
• HOMEWORK:
• WORKBOOK PG 102 AND 110
• ENERGY WORD SCRAMBLE WORKSHEET
Is this a scientific law or theory??
[Link]
HOMEWORK
WORKBOOK PG 102 AND 110
ENERGY WORD SCRAMBLE WORKSHEET
• YOU HAVE BEEN GIVEN A SHEET OF PICTURES THAT
REPRESENT ITEMS IN THE LAB
ENERGY • GO TO EACH ITEM AND SEE HOW IT WORKS – DECIDE
TRANSFERS WHAT FORMS OF ENERGY ARE INVOLVED
PRACTICAL • FILL IN THE COLUMNS: INPUT ENERGY (WHAT TYPE OF
ENERGY MAKES IT WORK?) & OUTPUT ENERGY (WHAT
TYPE OF ENERGY IS PRODUCED?)
• LESSON AIM:
• ELECTRICITY GENERATION
ENERGY
• SUCCESS CRITERIA:
• UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
• EXPLAIN HOW A SIMPLE GENERATOR CONSISTS OF A MAGNET MOVING RELATIVE TO A WIRE
• KEY WORDS:
• RENEWABLE RESOURCES
• NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
• FOSSIL FUELS
• VALUE:
• EXCELLENCE
• HOMEWORK:
• ENERGY AROUND THE SCHOOL WORKSHEET
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
Energy cannot be created or destroyed,
just changed in form.
⚫ This means that energy never just
‘disappears’.
⚫ The total amount of energy always stays
the same
The _________________ energy in the
gunpowder is turned into Gerald’s
_________________ energy.
Some of Gerald’s kinetic energy is
_________________ to _________________
potential energy as he gets higher.
Gerald now has less _________________
energy but more _________________ potential
energy than at the start.
Gerald’s _________________ potential energy
is now _________________ to
_________________ energy as he falls
transformed
Gerald’s _________________ energy is
_________________ to _________________
and _________________ energy as he lands.
The _________________ energy in the
gunpowder is turned into Gerald’s
_________________ energy.
Some of Gerald’s kinetic energy is
_________________
transformed to _________________
potential energy as he gets higher.
Gerald now has less _________________
energy but more _________________ potential
energy than at the start.
Gerald’s _________________ potential energy
is now _________________
transformed to
_________________ energy as he falls
transformed
Gerald’s _________________ energy is
_________________
transformed to _________________
and _________________ energy as he lands.
ELECTRICITY GENERATION
• ELECTRICITY IS A DIFFICULT FORM OF ENERGY – WE CANNOT USE IT IMMEDIATELY – WE FIRST
NEED TO GENERATE IT!
• WE CAN DO THIS IN A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT WAYS, BUT MOST OF THEM COME DOWN TO
THE SAME PRINCIPLE.
• SO HOW DO WE GENERATE ELECTRICITY?
GENERATING ELECTRICITY
MOVING A PIECE OF WIRE IN A MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCES AN
ELECTRIC CURRENT.
MOVING A LOT OF WIRE IN A VERY STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD
PRODUCES A LARGE ELECTRIC CURRENT. THIS IS HOW A GENERATOR
WORKS.
Energy resources can be classified into two groups.
Renewable Non-renewable
Renewable energy resources can be Non-renewable energy
replaced or regenerated and will never resources will eventually run out
run out (at least not for a very long – once used they cannot be
time). used again.
Examples: wind and solar. Examples: coal and oil.
HOMEWORK
ENERGY AROUND THE SCHOOL WORKSHEET
Go around the school and find 9 things that require energy to operate.
Write down the energy input in the table as well as the main energy
output. An example has been done for you.
What is it? Energy input Main energy Waste energy
output
Lift Electrical Kinetic Heat/sound
• LESSON AIM: ENERGY
• ELECTRICITY GENERATION
• SUCCESS CRITERIA:
• DISCUSS THE RANGE OF WAYS WE MAKE ELECTRICITY IN NZ
• KEY WORDS:
• HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
• NUCLEAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER
• VALUE:
• LEADERSHIP AND TEAMWORK
• HOMEWORK:
• WORKBOOK PG 111 - 113
How Electricity is Generated
The electricity is actually generated when steam drives turbines, which in turn
drive generators, that produce the electricity.
Press start to fire up the boiler...
LET’S HAVE A LOOK AT SOME OF THE ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF EACH WAY ELECTRICITY CAN BE
GENERATED…
SO WHAT ENERGY TRANSFERS ARE OCCURRING IN
EACH SITUATION?
WIND POWER
WAVE POWER
TIDAL POWER
HYDROELECTRIC POWER
• WATER CAN PRODUCE ELECTRICITY. IN THIS PROCESS,
THE POTENTIAL ENERGY OF WATER IN A DAM CAN BE
TURNED INTO KINETIC ENERGY WHICH CAN THEN
BECOME ELECTRIC ENERGY.
SOLAR POWER
SOLAR POWER
GEOTHERMAL POWER
BIOMASS
NUCLEAR POWER
HOMEWORK
WORKBOOK PG 111 - 113
84% OF NZ ELECTRICITY IS RENEWABLE,
BUT PROGRESS SLOW ON SOME NEW WIND
FARMS
• HTTPS://[Link]/BUSINESS/116631592/84-OF-NZ-ELECTRICITY-IS-RENEWABLE-
BUT-PROGRESS-SLOW-ON-SOME-NEW-WIND-FARMS
HOW HYDROELECTRICITY WORKS
HTTPS://[Link]/WHO-WE-ARE/OUR-POWER-STATIONS/HYDRO
YOUR TASK:
WILLIAM IS AN AFRICAN SCHOOLBOY. HE MADE A WIND
TURBINE FROM SCRAP MATERIALS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY
FOR HIS HOME.
OUTLINE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING
WIND TURBINES TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY, COMPARED TO
GENERATING ELECTRICITY IN COAL FIRED POWER STATIONS.
HTTP://[Link]/TALKS/WILLIAM_KAMKWAMBA_HOW_I_
HARNESSED_THE_WIND.HTML
HOMEWORK
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING WIND TURBINES TO GENERATE
ELECTRICITY OVER COAL-FIRED POWER STATIONS
• LESSON AIM: ENERGY
• EFFICIENCY
• SUCCESS CRITERIA:
• INTERPRET SIMPLE DIAGRAMS OR EQUATIONS DEPICTING THE ENERGY FLOW IN A SYSTEM.
• DEFINE AND CALCULATE ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• KEY WORDS:
• EFFICIENCY
• VALUE:
• LEADERSHIP AND TEAMWORK
• HOMEWORK:
• SANKEY ENERGY DIAGRAMS
ENERGY LOSS
ON TRANSFER
• USUALLY, WHEN ENERGY IS
BEING TRANSFERRED OR
TRANSFORMED, THERE ARE
RESULTANT FORMS OF
ENERGY THAT ARE NOT
USEFUL
• THIS IS REFERRED TO AS
UNWANTED OR WASTED
ENERGY
ENERGY CALCULATIONS
• ENERGY IS MEASURED IN JOULES (J) OR KILOJOULES (KJ).
• 1KJ = 1000 J
• EFFICIENCY = USEFUL ENERGY OUT X 100
TOTAL ENERGY IN
WHY ARE THEY CALLED SANKEY DIAGRAMS?
Captain Matthew Henry Phineas Riall
Sankey was an engineer.
In 1898 he was the first person to publish
a diagram that used the width of an arrow
to show the size of the energy flow.
The first ever Sankey diagram shows the
energy flow in a real steam engine
compared with a ‘perfect’ engine.
Sankey diagrams are so useful that you
can buy computer programs to draw them!
Captain Henry Sankey (1853 – 1925)
Sankey Diagram for a filament
bulb 9J
wasted
energy
out
10 J
energy in
1 J
useful
energy
out
Sankey Diagram for a filament
bulb 9J
wasted
energy
out
10 J
energy in
1 J
useful
energy
6J
Sankey Diagram for an energy out
wasted
efficient bulb
energy
out
10 J 4J
energy in
useful
energy
out
1. A light bulb takes in 50 J of energy per second. It transfers 5 J as useful light energy and 45 J as heat
energy. Calculate the efficiency. Show your working.
2. Sketch a quick Sankey diagram of the energy transformation described above. Label your diagram.
3. The efficiency of a second type of lightbulb (also taking in 50 J per second) is 25%. Calculate how much
useful light energy is transferred. Show your working. (Hint you will need to rearrange the efficiency
equation)
HOMEWORK
EFFICIENCY WORKSHEET
• LESSON AIM:
• HEAT TRANSFER
• SUCCESS CRITERIA:
ENERGY
• APPRECIATE THAT THE HOTTER AN OBJECT IS, THE MORE THERMAL ENERGY IT CONTAINS
• IDENTIFY MATERIALS AS GOOD CONDUCTORS AND GOOD INSULATORS OF HEAT
• DESCRIBE CONDUCTION IN TERMS OF THE PARTICLE THEORY
• DESCRIBE HEAT TRANSFER BY CONVECTION IN LIQUIDS AND GASES
• KEY WORDS:
• CONDUCTION, CONVECTION
• VALUE:
• ACHIEVEMENT
• HOMEWORK:
• WORKBOOK PG 103 – 104 AND 107 – 109
TRANSFER OF HEAT:
CONDUCTION
• CONDUCTION IS THE TRANSFER OF HEAT BETWEEN SUBSTANCES THAT ARE IN DIRECT
CONTACT WITH EACH OTHER.
• THE BETTER THE CONDUCTOR, THE MORE RAPIDLY HEAT WILL BE TRANSFERRED. METAL IS A
GOOD CONDUCTOR OF HEAT.
• CONDUCTION OCCURS WHEN A SUBSTANCE IS HEATED, PARTICLES WILL GAIN MORE ENERGY,
AND VIBRATE MORE.
• THESE MOLECULES THEN BUMP INTO NEARBY PARTICLES AND TRANSFER SOME OF THEIR
ENERGY TO THEM. THIS THEN CONTINUES AND PASSES THE ENERGY FROM THE HOT END
DOWN TO THE COLDER END OF THE SUBSTANCE.
CONDUCTORS &
INSULATORS
• CONDUCTORS PASS HEAT
(THERMAL) ENERGY ALONG THEM
QUITE EASILY DUE TO MOVEMENT
OF ELECTRONS.
• INSULATORS DO NOT CONDUCT
HEAT EASILY.
• HTTPS://[Link]/
WATCH?V=WV7GZCKEGDU
CONVECTION
• THERMAL ENERGY IS TRANSFERRED FROM HOT PLACES TO COLD PLACES BY
CONVECTION. CONVECTION OCCURS WHEN WARMER AREAS OF A LIQUID OR GAS
RISE TO COOLER AREAS IN THE LIQUID OR GAS.
• COOLER LIQUID OR GAS THEN TAKES THE PLACE OF THE WARMER AREAS WHICH
HAVE RISEN HIGHER. THIS RESULTS IN A CONTINUOUS CIRCULATION PATTERN.
• WATER BOILING IN A PAN IS A GOOD EXAMPLE OF THESE CONVECTION CURRENTS.
• ANOTHER GOOD EXAMPLE OF CONVECTION IS IN THE ATMOSPHERE. THE EARTH'S
SURFACE IS WARMED BY THE SUN, THE WARM AIR RISES AND COOL AIR MOVES IN.
LAND AND SEA
BREEZES
HOMEWORK
WORKBOOK PG 103 – 104 AND 107 – 109
• LESSON AIM:
• HEAT TRANSFER
• SUCCESS CRITERIA:
ENERGY
• DESCRIBE FACTORS AFFECTING HEAT TRANSFER BY RADIATION
• DESCRIBE WAYS OF REDUCING HEAT TRANSFER IN THE CONTEXTS OF A VACUUM FLASK AND BUILDING/ HOME
INSULATION
• KEY WORDS:
• RADIATION
• VALUE:
• ACHIEVEMENT
• HOMEWORK:
• HEAT TRANSFER QUESTIONS
RADIATION
• RADIATION IS A METHOD OF HEAT TRANSFER THAT DOES NOT RELY UPON ANY
CONTACT BETWEEN THE HEAT SOURCE AND THE HEATED OBJECT AS IS THE CASE
WITH CONDUCTION AND CONVECTION.
• HEAT CAN BE TRANSMITTED THOUGH EMPTY SPACE BY THERMAL RADIATION OFTEN
CALLED INFRARED RADIATION. THIS IS A TYPE ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION. NO
MASS IS EXCHANGED AND NO MEDIUM IS REQUIRED IN THE PROCESS OF RADIATION.
• EXAMPLES OF RADIATION IS THE HEAT FROM THE SUN, OR HEAT RELEASED FROM THE
FILAMENT OF A LIGHT BULB.
QUICK QUIZ: HEAT TRANSFER
2.
1.
3.
4. Write a sentence to explain what is happening in terms of particles in Q2.
[Link] is an example of
HOT WATER RISES
COLD WATER SINKS
6. This is an example of
7. Write 1 or 2 sentences to explain what is happening in terms of air particles.
8. This is an example of
RADIANT HEAT
• HEAT AS RADIATION COMES OFF THE SUN (IS EMITTED) AND NEEDS NO PARTICLES TO TRANSFER.
IT CAN BE ….
• TRANSMITTED THROUGH CLEAR OBJECTS (E.G. WINDOWS)
• ABSORBED BY OBJECTS. BLACK, DULL OBJECTS ARE VERY GOOD AT ABSORBING RADIANT HEAT.
THE OBJECT’S TEMPERATURE WILL INCREASE.
• REFLECTED BY OBJECTS. SHINY, LIGHT COLOURED OBJECTS ARE VERY GOOD AT REFLECTING
RADIANT HEAT. THE OBJECT’S TEMPERATURE WILL NOT CHANGE QUICKLY.
HOMEWORK
HEAT TRANSFER WORKSHEET
ENERGY
• LESSON AIM:
• HEAT LOSS
• SUCCESS CRITERIA:
• DESCRIBE WAYS OF REDUCING HEAT TRANSFER IN THE CONTEXTS OF A VACUUM FLASK AND BUILDING/ HOME
INSULATION
• KEY WORDS:
• INSULATION
• VALUE:
• ACHIEVEMENT
• HOMEWORK:
• 2020 CT2
HEAT LOSS FROM OUR HOMES
HEAT LOSS IN A HOME
[Link]
USING THE SUN’S ENERGY TO HEAT HOMES
• IF YOUR HOUSE CAN BE HEATED BY THE
SUN, LESS FUEL/ELECTRICITY WOULD BE
NEEDED.
• THIS SAVES ?????
• GLASS WINDOWS ARE QUITE GOOD
AT ALLOWING HEAT (INFRA RED
RADIATION) TO PASS THROUGH INTO
HOMES – THEY ALSO ALLOW FOR HEAT
TO BE CONTAINED / TRAPPED IN A
ROOM.
Heat energy also leaves the house by Heat lost through the roof by
radiation through the walls, roof and conduction and convection currents in
windows. the ceiling space
Insulation like Pink Batts
Heat lost through gaps in
doors by convection
Heat lost
Double-glaze through walls
windows by conduction
Heat lost through
windows by
conduction and via
Well-sealed wooden
gaps in windows by
floors; Expol under floor
convection
Carpets instead of floor tiles Heat lost through floors by conduction
THERMOS FLASK – HOW DOES IT REDUCE HEAT
LOSS?
Reduce heat loss by
radiation Reduces conduction of heat,
Radiation reduced as infrared convection currents can’t escape
radiation is reflected off surface.
Reduce heat loss by conduction
and convection c
No conduction or convection as no Or could be keeping a cold
particles in vacuum drink cool.
Reduce heat loss by conduction
Reduce heat loss by conduction
If silvered metal reflects radiation
if plastic poor conductor
HANGI
Where is heat being
transferred by
CONDUCTION,
CONVECTION and
RADIATION in the
hangi?
Answers:
Conduction – between hot
stones; between small hot stones
and air above stones; from top
air to branches and meat;
between touching pieces of
food.
Convection – in hot steam region
Radiation – mainly from hot
stones (although any hot object
will radiate heat)
[Link]
THERMOS MAKING COMPETITION
• USING THE MATERIALS PROVIDED YOU HAVE 10 MINUTES TO CREATE THE BEST THERMOS USING A
BEAKER AS YOUR FRAMEWORK. THINK ABOUT REDUCING HEAT LOSS BY CONDUCTION,
CONVECTION AND RADIATION.
• POUR HOT WATER INTO YOUR THERMOS AND NOTE DOWN THE TEMPERATURE.
• LEAVE THE THERMOS TO SIT FOR 10 MINUTES.
• WHILE YOU ARE WAITING WRITE A SENTENCE ABOUT EACH PART OF YOUR THERMOS AND JUSTIFY
WHY YOU USED THAT PART. RELATE TO CONDUCTION, CONVECTION AND RADIATION.
• RECORD THE TEMPERATURE OF YOUR HOT WATER AFTER 10 MINUTES.
• THE GROUP THAT HAS HAD THE SMALLEST TEMPERATURE CHANGE WILL BE THE WINNER!!
