"Understanding Brazil: A Multifaceted Country Analysis of Brazil’s Growth,

Challenges, and Opportunities"

A Country Analysis

Presented to: Mrs. Richelle C. Medina of the

College of Business, Accountancy and Hospitality Management

University of Batangas

Batangas City

In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements in

Economic Development

By

Albito, Samantha Kelly S.

De Guzman, Francis Luther

Villanueva, Retlly Neoh L.

Tabbu, Kristel Marie P.

BSMA2-1

DECEMBER 2024

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 Table of Contents
Title Page
I. Executive Summary……………………………………………………… 4
II. Introduction……………………………………………………………….. 6
History and Geography……………………………………………… 7
Sociocultural…………………………………………………………… 8
III. Natural Resources and Agriculture
Oil Reserves, Iron ore and Agricultural land…………………….. 9
Availability of Sea Ports and Waterways in Brazil……………… 10
Impact of Geography and Topography on Attractiveness……. 10
IV. ECONOMIC RESOURCES AND FACTORS
STAGE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT…………………………. 11
ECONOMIC FACTOR
i. Inflation Rate…………………………………………………… 12
ii. Underground Economy………………………………………. 12
iii. Currency and Exchange Rate………………………………… 14
iv. GNI, GNI per capita and GDP per capita (PPP)……………. 14
Consumer Price Index………………………………………………… 15
Top Trade Products…………………………………………………… 16
Trade and Foreign Investment ……………………………………… 17
Financial Market and Level of Employment ………………………. 18
Hourly Wage ……………………………………………………………… 19
Financial Institution……………………………………………………… 20
Multinational and Domestic Company…………………………………
20
Structural and Economic Reforms……………………………………... 22
V. Social/ Demography Factors………………………………………………. 23
Population………………………………………………………………… 24
Fertility and Mortality Rate……………………………………………. 25
Life Expectancy…………………………………………………………. 26
Education………………………………………………………………… 27
Literacy Rate…………………………………………………………….. 2
Religion…………………………………………………………………….. 28
Urban Development and Growth Rates……………………………… 29

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 Slum Issues and Urban Growth Expectations………................... 30
Economic and Socioeconomic Impacts on Attractiveness……. 30
VI. Political system and political forces in Brazil
Political Ideology………………………………………………………. 31
Type of Government…………………………………………………… 32
Challenges and Challengers…………………………………………. 33
Corruption Level………………………………………………………. 35
Industry association Support……………………………………….. 36
VII. Legal and Trade Analysis
Legal issues that will impact foreign trade……………………….. 38
Safety of Country………………………………………………………. 39
Trade
i. Rules……………………………………………………… 41
ii. Restrictions……………………………………………… 42
iii. Tariffs……………………………………………………… 42
iv. Other Restrictions……………………………………… 44
VIII. Cultural Analysis
a. Describe culture using Hofstede’s dimension……………………. 45
b. Religious Beliefs………………………………………………………… 46
c. Rules for Business Etiquette, Gifts and Foods……………………. 46
d. Shadow or Underground Economy………………………………….. 47
e. Network or Mentor for Business……………………………………… 48
f. Is corruption is a way of life in Brazil?............................................ 48
g. How Dangerous is Brazil………………………………………………..
49
IX. References……………………………………………………………………. 50

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This comprehensive analysis of Brazil examines its multifaceted dimensions,

including its economic, political, social, and cultural aspects, along with the challenges

and opportunities it faces as a leading global player. Brazil, the largest country in South

America, is characterized by its vast natural resources, diverse ecosystems, and a

vibrant cultural heritage. Its economic foundation, driven by sectors like agriculture,

mining, and manufacturing, underscores its significant role within the BRICS group of

emerging economies. Despite achieving a 2.9% GDP growth rate in 2023, challenges

such as inflation, fiscal deficits, and structural inequality persist, demanding sustained

reform efforts.

Politically, Brazil's journey from dictatorship to democracy reflects resilience, yet

corruption and governance issues undermine institutional trust. Socially, programs like

Bolsa Família have contributed to poverty reduction and improved living standards, but

persistent income inequality poses significant barriers to integration and growth.

Culturally, Brazil’s Afro-Brazilian influences and iconic events like Carnival reflect its

dynamic identity, though issues of racial and gender inequality remain prevalent.

Brazil’s urbanization continues to grow, presenting both opportunities and challenges in

housing, infrastructure, and public safety.

Strategic initiatives in trade liberalization, labor market reforms, and sustainable

development align with Brazil's ambitions as a global economic leader. The country’s

rich biodiversity and significant oil reserves offer competitive advantages, while

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partnerships with major economies like China and the United States enhance its

international trade and investment profile. Addressing regulatory complexities,

environmental challenges, and political stability will be critical for unlocking Brazil's full

potential and ensuring sustainable growth in the years ahead. This report provides

actionable insights for stakeholders in policy, business, and development.

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INTRODUCTION

Brazil, the largest country in South America, stands as a global symbol of cultural

vibrancy, natural wealth, and economic potential. Known for its diverse ecosystems,

such as the Amazon Rainforest, and iconic landmarks like Rio de Janeiro’s Christ the

Redeemer, Brazil boasts a rich history that blends indigenous, European, African, and

immigrant influences. With a population exceeding 200 million, it is the fifth most

populous country in the world, and its dynamic society continues to play a significant

role in regional and international affairs. As an emerging market, Brazil holds a critical

position within the BRICS group of economies, making it a focal point for discussions

about global economic growth and sustainable development.

Despite its many strengths, Brazil also faces complex challenges that impact its

growth trajectory. Persistent issues such as income inequality, deforestation, and

political instability have hindered the nation’s potential. At the same time, ongoing

reforms and technological advancements present opportunities for transformative

progress across industries, from agriculture to renewable energy. This analysis delves

into Brazil’s economic trends, socio-political landscape, and environmental strategies to

understand its journey toward sustainable development and its role in the global

economy. By examining both its triumphs and obstacles, we aim to provide a

comprehensive perspective on Brazil’s path forward.

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History

Brazil is a country with a rich history, diverse geography, and a unique

sociocultural identity shaped by global influences. Historically, Brazil was first inhabited

by Indigenous peoples before Portuguese colonization began in 1500. It became a hub

for the transatlantic slave trade, which brought millions of Africans, whose contributions

deeply influenced Brazilian culture. Following independence in 1822, Brazil evolved into

a republic, experiencing economic and political transformations that shaped its modern

identity. Today, it stands as the largest country in South America, balancing its historical

legacy with contemporary challenges.

Geography

Geographically, Brazil occupies nearly half of South America, bordered by the

Atlantic Ocean and sharing borders with almost all other South American countries

except Chile and Ecuador. Its vast territory includes the Amazon Rainforest, the largest

tropical forest in the world, alongside savannas, wetlands, and mountain ranges. The

Amazon Basin is home to unparalleled biodiversity and plays a critical role in global

climate regulation. This extensive landmass is complemented by a long coastline, It has

a coastline stretching over 7,400 kilometers, featuring world-renowned beaches and

vibrant coastal cities like Rio de Janeiro, which fosters a thriving marine economy and

cultural hubs.

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Sociocultural

Socioculturally, Brazil reflects a blend of Indigenous, African, European, and

more recently, Asian influences. This fusion is evident in its cuisine, music, and

festivals, such as Carnaval. Family and community play a central role in daily life, while

its vibrant arts scene ranges from classical baroque architecture to contemporary street

art. Brazil’s sociocultural identity is also deeply rooted in its music and dance, with

genres like samba, bossa nova, and forró reflecting the country’s fusion of African,

European, and Indigenous traditions. The influence of football (soccer) transcends

sports, acting as a unifying force and a source of national pride, celebrated in both local

communities and global arenas. Additionally, Brazil's hospitality and informal social

culture, characterized by a love for gatherings and celebrations, make it a vibrant and

welcoming nation, emphasizing the value of human connection. Additionally, Brazil has

become a major player in the global market, exporting products like coffee, soybeans,

and beef. However, the country grapples with significant challenges, including income

inequality, deforestation, and efforts to preserve Indigenous cultures.

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Natural Resources and Agriculture

Brazil is abundantly endowed with natural resources, which have been key

drivers of its economic growth and global trade positioning. These resources include

significant reserves of oil, iron ore, and vast agricultural land.

Oil Reserves

Brazil has some of the largest oil reserves in the world, with vast offshore oil

fields, particularly in the pre-salt layer, which is located deep beneath the Atlantic

Ocean. The discovery of these reserves have positioned Brazil as one of the leading oil

producers globally. In 2023, Brazil was the largest oil producer in Latin America,

surpassing Venezuela, and is the 9th largest oil producer in the world.

Iron ore

Brazil is one of the world's top producers and exporters of iron ore, with the state

of Minas Gerais being the primary source. The country is home to vast iron ore

deposits, particularly in the Carajás Mine, which is the largest iron ore mine in theworld.

Brazil is the second-largest exporter of iron ore globally, after Australia, and this sector

is vital to its economy, contributing significantly to export earnings.

Agricultural Land

Brazil’s vast agricultural land is another critical resource driving its economy. The

country is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of agricultural

commodities, such as soybeans, coffee, sugar, beef, and poultry. Brazil is the largest

exporter of soybeans, and its agricultural sector is known for its efficiency and use of

innovative farming techniques. With over 60% of its land suitable for agriculture, Brazil

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has become a global food powerhouse, especially in the production of grains, livestock,

and tropical crops.

Availability of Sea Ports and Waterways in Brazil

Brazil's extensive coastline, spanning over 7,400 kilometers, supports numerous

sea ports, crucial for international trade and economic development. Key ports include

Santos (the largest port in Latin America), Paranaguá, and Rio de Janeiro, which

handle significant exports such as soybeans, coffee, iron ore, and oil. Inland waterways,

like the Amazon River and its tributaries, provide critical transportation routes,

especially in northern regions where road infrastructure is limited. These rivers also

support regional economies through trade and fishing, making Brazil’s waterways

essential for connectivity and economic activity.

Impact of Geography and Topography on Attractiveness

Economic Opportunities: Brazil's geographic diversity, including fertile plains in

the south, mineral-rich highlands, and the vast Amazon Basin, offers opportunities for

agriculture, mining, and forestry. Its rich natural resources attract both domestic and

international investors.

Tourism Appeal: The country's topography enhances its global tourism appeal,

offering stunning natural landmarks such as Iguazu Falls, the Amazon Rainforest, and

vibrant coastal cities like Rio de Janeiro with its iconic beaches and landscapes.

Challenges and Infrastructure: The rugged topography of the highlands and

dense Amazonian terrain presents challenges for infrastructure development but also

fosters interest in sustainable practices. For instance, eco-tourism thrives in areas like

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the Pantanal, while the unique biodiversity draws researchers and environmentalists

worldwide.

ECONOMIC RESOURCES AND FACTORS

STAGE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Brazil is a middle-income economy and one of the largest emerging

markets, frequently associated with the BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and

South Africa). The economy is recovering from global challenges, with a projected

growth rate of 2.5% over the medium term, according to the IMF. Inflation has

decreased to within target levels, allowing for gradual monetary easing to stimulate

economic activity. The government is also focused on improving fiscal responsibility and

eliminating inefficient tax expenditures to strengthen public finances.

Economic development efforts include investments in infrastructure, green

technologies, and social programs to reduce inequality and stimulate growth. Brazil’s

export strength lies in its vast natural resources, particularly in agriculture and energy,

where it is a global leader. Challenges persist, such as high public debt, structural

unemployment, and income inequality, but the country is addressing these through

policy reforms, trade diversification, and sustainable development strategies.

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ECONOMIC FACTOR

i. Inflation Rate

Inflation in Brazil has shown significant fluctuations in recent years, reflecting

both global and domestic economic pressures. In 2023, Brazil's inflation rate was

recorded at 4.6%, a substantial decline from 9.3% in 2022 and 8.3% in 2021.

This marked improvement suggests effective monetary and fiscal policies aimed

at stabilizing the economy. The current inflation rate aligns closer to the central

bank's target, though challenges remain due to global economic uncertainties

and structural domestic issues.

ii. Underground Economy

Brazil's underground economy, which includes unregistered labor and unreported

transactions to evade taxes and regulations, represented 17.8% of the country's GDP in

2022. This equates to approximately R$1.7 trillion, comparable to Sweden's GDP. Over

the years, the size of Brazil's shadow economy has fluctuated, peaking at around 21%

of GDP in 2003 and reaching a low of 16.1% in 2014 due to formal employment growth

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and regulatory simplifications like electronic invoicing. However, economic crises and

labor market changes have contributed to a resurgence of informality since 2015. The

COVID-19 pandemic temporarily reduced the underground economy as formalization

increased, but its recovery has since outpaced the formal economy due to greater labor

market flexibility in informal employment. Structural reforms, including labor market

adjustments and tax simplifications, could reduce informality further in the long term.

Here is a graph illustrating Brazil's underground economy as a percentage of

GDP over selected years (2003–2022). The data shows fluctuations, with a decline

during periods of strong formal employment growth, followed by an increase during

economic crises and post-pandemic recovery.

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 iii. Currency and Exchange rate to USD

Brazil's currency is the Brazilian Real (BRL), and as of December 13, 2024, the

exchange rate is approximately 6.036 BRL per 1 USD, reflecting a slight increase from

the previous day's rate of 5.907 BRL. This represents a year-on-year change of around

23.53% compared to a value of 4.886 BRL in December 2023.

The exchange rate shows regular fluctuations influenced by economic policies,

market conditions, and Brazil's trade balance. For comparison, in the past week, the

value of the real to the dollar ranged from 0.164 to 0.170 USD per BRL, showing

relative stability within a narrow margin.

iv. GNI, GNI per capita and GDP per capita (PPP)

For Brazil, the GDP per capita in recent years, based on UN and World Bank

data, is approximately $9,000 to $10,000 USD (nominal GDP per capita) and

significantly higher when adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), ranging around

$15,000 to $17,000 USD. These figures reflect Brazil's middle-income status globally

but also indicate disparities in wealth distribution within the country.

As of 2023, Brazil's GDP per capita at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is

approximately $17,182 in current international dollars. This metric provides a

standardized comparison by accounting for differences in price levels across countries,

reflecting the average income and economic well-being of Brazil's population.

In recent years, Brazil's economy has shown moderate growth, supported by

improvements in employment and wage increases. However, challenges such as

inflationary pressures and fiscal deficits persist. The GDP per capita growth highlights

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Brazil's ongoing development trajectory and its economic position within the global

context.

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Brazil varies depending on the reporting period and specific basket of goods

measured. As of 2023, Brazil's annual inflation rate, reflected by the CPI, is

approximately 4.6%, marking an improvement from higher inflation rates in previous

years (9.3% in2022)

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 The graph above illustrates Brazil's annual change in the Consumer Price Index

(CPI) from 2012 to 2023. The fluctuations reflect variations in inflation rates, with

notable peaks in 2015 and 2022. The dotted gray line indicates the approximate

inflation target of 5%, which Brazil has struggled to maintain in some years due to

economic challenges.

Top Trade Products

• Coffee – Brazil is the world’s leading producer of coffee; it was the

country’s most important single export in the early and mid-20th century.

• Orange Juice - About one-third of the world’s oranges are grown in Brazil

—more than twice the amount produced in the United States, which is the world’s

second major supplier.

• Beef - Brazil has one of the world’s largest livestock populations at more

than 200 million and slaughters more cattle annually than does the United States. The

most extensive grazing lands are concentrated in the South and Southeast, with a

smaller but increasing share in northern states and frontier zones, such as Amazonia.

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Trade and Foreign Investment

Brazil plays a vital role as a major global trading partner, thanks to its abundant

natural resources, diversified industrial base and growing middle class. As the largest

economy in Latin America, Brazil’s trade relationships span across regions, with key

exports including agricultural commodities, minerals, and manufactured goods. Foreign

trade has been critical to the Brazilian economy throughout the country’s existence;

however, exports historically accounted for only a small part of the national income, and

Brazil had difficulty maintaining a favorable trade balance, partly because of its huge

foreign debt payments. The graph below shows the major partner in terms of trading

country of Brazil.

China: China is Brazil’s largest trading partner, with bilateral trade valued at over $100

billion annually in recent years. Brazil exports large quantities of soybeans, iron ore, and

oil to China, while importing manufactured goods and

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electronics. China is particularly important to Brazil’s agricultural and mineral export

sectors.

United States: The U.S. is another key partner, with Brazil exporting oil, aircraft, coffee,

and agricultural products. The U.S. exports machinery, electronics, and chemicals to

Brazil. The U.S. also plays a significant role in foreign direct

investment (FDI) in Brazil, particularly in sectors such as energy, technology, and

finance

European Union: The European Union (EU) is one of Brazil’s largest trading blocs,

with the EU importing Brazilian products like soybeans, coffee, beef, and iron ore. The

EU is also a key investor in Brazil, particularly in areas such as automotive, chemicals,

and renewable energy.

Financial Market

According to recent data, the Brazilian banking system is reported to have

increasingly efficient and sophisticated performance. Moreover, the arrival of fintech has

driven major banks to offer web and mobile options for most of their products and

services. Statistically, in-person banking remains prominent in Brazil with 17,000 bank

branches throughout the country. In conclusion, with the application of digital technology

to Brazil’s financial market elevated their efficiency and performance suitable not only

for local services but also around the world with few correspondent banks lying around

worldwide.

Level of Employment and Unemployment

The employment and unemployment levels in Brazil have experienced shifts,

reflecting broader economic and labor market dynamics. In 2023, Brazil's

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unemployment rate stood at approximately 7.8% of the labor force, a decline from

earlier years, signaling a recovery trend from the impacts of economic challenges and

the COVID-19 pandemic. The youth unemployment rate, which typically remains higher,

was also notable, reflecting labor market entry difficulties for younger workers.

Hourly Wage

The average hourly wage in Brazil varies significantly depending on the industry,

job type, and regional economic conditions. As of 2024, the federal minimum wage is

approximately R$1,412 per month, which translates to an hourly wage of about R$6.41,

based on a 44-hour workweek. However, actual wages in many sectors and regions can

be higher, especially in metropolitan areas like São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, where

skilled positions such as developers, engineers, and managers offer higher pay.

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 Disparities in wages are influenced by factors such as education level, gender,

and race. For instance, professionals with advanced education earn substantially more,

while women and racial minorities often face pay gaps. High-paying industries like

healthcare and technology further skew averages upwards, compared to lower-paying

roles in retail and hospitality sectors

Financial institution

Number of Foreign Banks and Origin According to an assessment made by the

Brazilian Central Bank (BCB), the top 10 banks in Brazil ranked in December 2022 by

net equity, are two state-owned banks: Banco do Brasil (2nd) and Caixa Econômica

Federal (4th); and six are private Brazilian banks: Itaú-Unibanco (1st), Bradesco (3rd),

Safra (7th), BTG Pactual (6th), Sicoob (9th), and Sicredi (8th) . Additionally, two foreign

banks appear in the list: Banco Santander (5th), with headquarters in Spain, and

Citibank (10th), from the United States. Ever since 2018, when Fintechs were regulated

by the National Monetary Council (Conselho Monetário Nacional, CMN), they had a

rapid increase of clients showing Brazilian digital bank, Nubank, is now ranked fourth

with 77.7 million clients, surpassing banks like Banco do Brasil and Santander, with

74.6 million and 64.4million clients, respectively.

Multinational and Domestic Company

Brazil hosts a mix of prominent multinational corporations and thriving domestic

companies across various industries. Petrobras, Nestle, Volkswagen, Unilever and

Apple are the top 5 multinational company that is present in Brazil. Petrobras operates

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globally as one of the largest oil and gas companies. It partners with international

corporations for exploration and production. This Swiss multinational has been

operating in Brazil for over 100 years and is a major player in the food and beverage

industry, with production plants across the country. Volkswagen, the German

automobile manufacturer has extensive manufacturing operations in Brazil, where it

produces cars for both local and export markets. Unilever, with deep roots in Brazil,

Unilever produces a variety of consumer goods such as detergents, shampoos, and

food products, catering to both urban and rural markets. Apple, though production is

limited, Apple’s presence in Brazil represents a high-end segment of the technology

market.

Vale S.A, Itau Unibanco, Ambev, Magazine Luiza (Magalu) and Natura & Co. Are

the top domestic companies in Brazil. Vale S.A.: One of the world's largest mining

companies, Vale specializes in iron ore and nickel, contributing significantly to Brazil's

[Link]ú Unibanco: The largest financial institution in Latin America, Itaú is

headquartered in São Paulo and serves millions of customers across Brazil and

internationally. Ambev: This brewing company dominates the beverage market in Brazil,

producing iconic brands like Skol, Brahma, and Antarctica. Magazine Luiza (Magalu): A

leading retail and e-commerce company in Brazil, Magalu has successfully integrated

digital platforms to expand its reach. Natura &Co: A cosmetics and personal care

company based in São Paulo; Natura has expanded globally while maintaining a strong

commitment to sustainability.

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Structural Economic Reforms

Labor Market Reforms (2017)

The Brazilian labor market was reformed in 2017 under President Michel Temer.

The Labor Reform Law (Lei da Reforma Trabalhista) aimed to make the labor market

more flexible, reducing the cost of hiring and firing employees and allowing for greater

use of temporary contracts. This was seen as a necessary step to increase employment

and boost economic growth.

Privatization and Privatization Programs

Brazil has also pursued privatization programs, selling off state-owned

companies to reduce the fiscal burden and attract private investment. For example, in

the 1990s and 2000s, large-scale privatizations took place in sectors like

telecommunications, energy, and transportation.

Opening to Trade and Foreign Investment

In line with other emerging market economies, Brazil has pursued greater

integration with the global economy. This has included trade liberalization measures

and attracting foreign investment, particularly in infrastructure and energy sectors.

Cost of Living and Quality of life

We analyze the quality of life in a country in terms of their crime rate, healthcare

services, pollution and traffic. For the overall quality of live index of Brazil, it has an

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index of 116.57 which is just relatively moderate. The factors that influence this data are

the low safety index having 35.43 indicating concerns about the safety in many regions,

second is the moderate level of healthcare index which is equivalent to 59.17

suggesting improvements but challenges in accessibility and quality across regions.

Lastly is Brazil’s cost of living, it is low to the point where it is nearly affordable for

everyone to live in. It has 25.71 cost of living index.

Social/ Demography Factors

Brazil, one of the world's largest economies, has seen significant progress in

reducing economic inequality over the past few decades. Despite this progress, Brazil

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remains one of the most unequal countries globally. It will take 75 years to reach

income equality in the UK and 60 years to meet Spanish standards. The country has

lifted 28 million people out of poverty in the last 15 years, reducing poverty to less than

10% of the population. However, the rich continue to benefit the most, accounting for

61% of economic growth between 2001 and 2015. Brazil's six richest men have the

same wealth as the poorest 50% of the population, and the richest 5 percent have the

same income as the remaining 95%. If Brazil's richest men pooled their wealth, it would

take them 36 years to spend all their money, while 16 million Brazilians live below the

poverty line. Despite these efforts, Brazil still faces a significant gap between the rich

and the rest of the population, and inequality threatens to reverse progress. Addressing

structural causes of inequality, such as an unfair tax system or insufficient social policy

investments, is crucial for Brazil's progress. According in the Statistics of Brazil, In the

third quarter of 2024, Brazil recorded its lowest unemployment rate in recent years, with

just 6.4 percent of the available working-age population out of work. With around 101

million people employed, the country has maintained an employment rate between 57

and 51 percent over recent years. In addition, around 69 percent of the workforce are

employed workers, and a quarter are self-employed. Most employees are between the

ages of 25 and 44, with the largest age group, 25.8 million workers, being between 35

and 44.

Population

As of 2023, Brazil's population is estimated at approximately 216 million people,

making it the largest country in South America by population. It has a relatively young

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population structure, with a median age of 34.7 years. Most of the population resides

near the Atlantic coast, with urbanization levels at about 87.8%. This population is

concentrated in large metropolitan areas such as São Paulo (22.6 million), Rio de

Janeiro (13.7 million), and Brasília (4.9 million). Brazil's population growth rate is

slowing, with a current rate of 0.64% annually.

The graph above illustrates the population growth of Brazil from 2012 to 2023. It

shows a steady increase, with the population growing from approximately 199.2 million

in 2012 to around 215.4 million in 2023. While growth has continued, the rate has

gradually slowed in recent years, reflecting broader demographic trends such as

declining fertility rates.

Fertility and Mortality rate

Brazil's total fertility rate was approximately 1.7 children per woman in 2023.

This rate has declined significantly over the decades, reflecting a shift towards smaller

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family sizes and increased access to education and family planning services. With the

declined fertility rate, the Mortality rate has made significant progress decreasing to

approximately 12 deaths per 1,000 live births as of 2022 in regards with infant mortality

and around 14 deaths per 1,000 live births in regards with under-five mortality rate also

showcasing a downward trend due to improved healthcare and maternal services.

Life Expectancy

In Brazil, life expectancy has increased over time, with women generally living

longer than men. In 2022, the life expectancy for women was approximately 79 years,

while for men it was around 72 years. This gap is attributed to factors like higher

mortality rates among men, especially from violent causes, and health issues. Over the

decades, both male and female life expectancies have risen due to improvements in

healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions. The graph below shows the change and

progress in life expectancy in Brazil overtime.

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Education

In Brazil, schooling is free and compulsory for students at the primary ages 7-14

and in secondary education for student ages 15-17, but only three-fifths of the Brazilian

have only four years of schooling or less. Approximately nine-tenths of children aged 7–

14 are enrolled in school, it shows that Brazil has made significant improvement in

education, with near-universal enrollment in primary education. It is an increase in past

research saying that only half of that age group is attending school. However,

secondary-school enrollments increased dramatically in the late 20th century, and the

number of annual graduations in the mid-1990s was twice that of the previous decade.

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Secondary schools have low overall enrollment rates in part because many students are

compelled to earn wages at an early age (the federal census records child labourers as

young as 10). Other students complete only a short-term vocational program rather than

a full three- to four-year curriculum. In addition, most secondary schools are in large

towns, particularly in the Northeast, and rural households with children in city schools

incur a considerable financial burden paying for room and board. Many people pursue a

high-school equivalency diploma through evening courses after they enter the

workforce. University attendance rose dramatically in the 21st century in Brazil, but it

remained limited compared with that in most developed countries. Although the number

is growing, only a small portion of Brazilians aged 18–24 attended universities.

Challenges remain in secondary and higher education, where there is notable disparity

in quality across regions.

Literacy Rate

The country has a literacy rate of about 93%, and the government has made

efforts to expand access to public universities, although there is still a significant gap in

education quality, particularly in rural areas. In primary education, the dropout level has

decreased, but there is a disparity between urban and rural areas. In secondary

education, the number of enrollees has increased. Below is the graph showing the

number of enrolled students in Brazil from 20025 up to 2023.

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 From 2005 to 2023, the number of undergraduate students enrolled in

universities and other higher education institutions in Brazil has increased. In 2023,

more than 9.9 million undergraduate students were enrolled in Brazilian universities, up

from 4.6 million students in 2005.

Religion

About 64% of the Brazilian people adhere to Roman Catholicism, which ceased to be

the official religion after the proclamation of the republic in 1889. After independence,

which loosed the formerly close links between church and state, the predominance of

Catholics among the immigrants of the 19th and 20th centuries contributed to the lasting

presence of that religion. Much of the rest of the population is Protestant, including

fundamentalist and Pentecostal groups. It has also increased numbers of believers of

Eastern Orthodoxy, Buddhism, Shinto and Islam. The data below shows the percentage

of Brazil’s religious affiliation.

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Urban Development and Socioeconomic Conditions in Brazil

Urban Development and Growth Rates

Brazil is highly urbanized, with approximately 87% of its population living in urban

areas. Urban growth rates are around 1.2% annually, driven by rural-to-urban migration

and the concentration of economic activities in cities. Large metropolitan areas such as

São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro continue to grow, though unplanned expansion has

caused infrastructure strains and disparities in urban development.

Slum Issues and Urban Growth Expectations

Brazil faces significant challenges with informal settlements, known as favelas,

which house about 6–9% of the urban population. Inadequate housing overall affects

about 41% of urban residents. The shortage of housing units remains a persistent

problem, with an estimated deficit of 6.5 million homes, despite having 8 million empty

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units. Slum upgrading efforts, such as those in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, have had

mixed success. Projections indicate ongoing urban population growth in major cities,

intensifying the need for sustainable urban planning

Economic and Socioeconomic Impacts on Attractiveness

Brazil's economic and social inequalities directly influence its attractiveness for

investment and living standards. The country’s rapid urbanization has exacerbated

inequality, particularly in access to housing, sanitation, and basic services. While Brazil

has a large consumer market and strong urban infrastructure in major cities, challenges

like high crime rates, informal labor, and environmental degradation reduce its appeal.

Nevertheless, continued improvements in urban policies and infrastructure investment

offer significant opportunities for development and foreign engagement

Political system and political forces in Brazil

Political Ideology

Political Ideology in Brazil is diverse, it has a wide range of political perspective

from different spectrum, but there are three major ideology Liberalism, Conservatism,

and Socialism and Marxism.

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Liberalism (Economic and Social)

 Example: Fernando Henrique Cardoso (President from 1995 to 2003) and his

Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB). Cardoso implemented economic

reforms that emphasized free markets, privatization of state-owned companies,

and fiscal discipline. His government pushed for neoliberal policies like trade

liberalization and reducing public debt.

Conservatism (Social and Fiscal)

 Example: Jair Bolsonaro (President from 2019 to 2023) and his political base.

Bolsonaro represents right-wing conservatism, advocating for traditional family

values, religious influence (especially Evangelical Christianity), and a tough

stance on crime. His policies focused on deregulation, privatization, and reduced

government intervention in the economy, with strong opposition to progressive

social movements.

 Social conservatism in Brazil also aligns with Evangelical Christian groups,

which have grown influential in politics, particularly supporting Bolsonaro's

presidency.

Socialism and Marxism

 Example: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (Lula) and the Workers' Party (PT). Lula's

government (2003-2011) was marked by policies aimed at reducing poverty,

improving income distribution, and promoting social welfare. He implemented

programs like Bolsa Família, a direct financial aid program for low-income

families. The PT is generally associated with left-wing ideologies, emphasizing

labor rights, wealth redistribution, and state intervention in the economy.

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  The Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL) also represents more radical left-wing

positions, supporting social justice and anti-capitalist policies.

Type of Government

Brazil operates as a federal republic with a presidential system of government.

The country is divided into 26 states and a federal district, with each state having its

own government, constitution, and laws. The central government in Brasília exercises

authority over national matters, while the states manage local issues. This federal

structure allows for a balance of power between the central government and the states,

promoting decentralization and local governance. The Brazilian political system is based

on democratic principles, with a separation of powers among the executive, legislature,

and judiciary.

The executive branch is headed by the President, who is both the head of state

and the head of government. The President is elected for a four-year term and has

significant powers, including overseeing foreign policy, defense, and national

administration. Brazil’s National Congress is bicameral, consisting of the Chamber of

Deputies and the Federal Senate, which are responsible for creating laws, approving

the national budget, and overseeing the executive branch. The judicial branch is

independent, with the Supreme Federal Court serving as the highest court, ensuring

that the laws and the Constitution are upheld. This system provides a framework for

governance while also ensuring checks and balances between different branches of

government.

Challenges and Challengers

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Stability

Political instability is a significant challenge in Brazil, often fueled by polarized

political debates, economic challenges, and corruption scandals. The country has

experienced frequent political crises, such as the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff in

2016, which undermined confidence in its democratic institutions. Frequent political

polarization, especially between left-wing and right-wing factions, has led to instability

and difficulty in implementing long-term policies.

Bribery (Transparency International)

Brazil has significant issues with corruption. According to Transparency

International's Corruption Perceptions Index, Brazil often scores poorly in terms of

corruption levels. The Operation Car Wash (Lava Jato) scandal revealed widespread

bribery involving major companies, politicians, and state-owned enterprises, damaging

the credibility of Brazil’s political and business institutions.

Impact of Government and Political forces on the Feasibility on doing business in

Brazil

Positive Impact:

 Large Market: Brazil is the largest economy in South America, with a

population of over 200 million people. This creates opportunities for

businesses in sectors like agribusiness, energy, technology, and

infrastructure.

 Trade Agreements: As a member of Mercosur and other international

trade bodies, Brazil has access to markets in neighboring countries and

beyond, making it an attractive destination for foreign investors.

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  Investment in Infrastructure: The Brazilian government has invested in

infrastructure projects, creating opportunities for businesses involved in

construction, logistics, and energy.

Negative Impact:

 Regulatory Complexity: As mentioned earlier, Brazil’s legal and regulatory

environment is complex, and the country is known for high levels of

bureaucracy. This can slow down business processes, create uncertainty,

and increase operational costs.

 Corruption: Political corruption and bribery scandals create a challenging

business environment. Foreign investors may be discouraged by the possibility of

having to engage in unethical practices or face legal challenges.

 Political Polarization: Political instability, caused by shifting leadership, changes

in government priorities, and ideological battles, can lead to erratic economic

policies. For example, frequent changes in government and conflicting economic

policies between administrations can make it difficult for businesses to plan long-

term investments.

Corruption Level

Brazil's corruption level is assessed annually using the Corruption Perceptions

Index (CPI) by Transparency International, which rates countries on a scale from 0

(highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). In 2023, Brazil scored 38, indicating significant

challenges in combating corruption and maintaining transparency. This places Brazil

35
below the global average of 43 and highlights systemic issues in governance, public

procurement, and judicial independence.

Corruption in Brazil is often linked to political scandals, misuse of public funds,

and inefficiencies in judicial systems. Efforts to tackle corruption have included high-

profile investigations, such as "Operation Car Wash," which exposed widespread

corruption in the oil and construction sectors. However, enforcement remains

inconsistent, and political interference continues to undermine progress

Here is a graph illustrating Brazil's CPI scores from 2012 to 2023, highlighting

fluctuations and the country's ongoing struggle to combat corruption effectively.

It shows a declining trend, with the score stabilizing at 38 in recent years. This

indicates persistent governance challenges and the need for stronger anti-corruption

measures. Despite global average benchmarks (43), Brazil continues to struggle in

improving its transparency and reducing public sector corruption

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 Historically, Brazil's Political and Legal aspect has changed significantly

throughout the years, transitioning from a military dictatorship to a democratic

government in 1985 much likely influenced from the United States. This form of

constitution provides strong protection for liberties such as access to health care,

employment and childcare.

Industry association Support

Industry associations are associations that speak for a particular economic

sector, promoting shared values and encouraging collaboration between companies.

Diverse associations in Brazil work to address regulatory issues, foster industrial

growth, and raise the level of competitiveness of Brazilian goods and services

internationally. With an emphasis on important industries, effective case studies, and

issues that require attention, this article explores the diverse support that these

associations offer. The National Industry Confederation (CNI) is the main representative

of the Brazilian industry. It is the highest body of the industry trade union system and,

since its foundation in 1938, it has defended the interests of the national industry. It also

acts as the main interlocutor with the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary, besides

several entities and organizations in Brazil and abroad. It represents 27 state

federations of industry and 1.280 trade unions, to which almost 700 thousand industries

are affiliated. It is directly in charge of the Industrial Social Service (SESI), the National

Service of Industrial Training (SENAI) and Instituto Euvaldo Lodi (IEL). Together, these

three organizations form the Industry System, which has yet to assemble the state-level

industry federations and trade unions. Since its establishment, CNI has played a leading

37
role in society, promoting debate and building consensus on key national issues.

Especially concerning those matters that have strong influence on the development of

Brazilian industry and economy. Apex-brasil trade sector projects with the mission of

fostering Brazilian exports, we develop and support activities to develop companies’

exporting abilities, thus contributing to the promotion of Brazilian industries on the

international market. The Trade Sector Projects work with business sectors or

productive chains, comprising some of Apex-Brazil's main initiatives for stimulating the

exports of Brazilian products. The Brazilian Footwear Industries Association (Abi

Calçados) is the entity that represents the national industry, the fifth largest producer of

footwear in the world, the largest in the West. Founded in 1983, Abi Calçados, is

headquartered in Novo Hamburgo/RS, has in its membership companies of all sizes

and that account for more than 65% of the total pairs of shoes produced in the country.

The entity represents an industry that directly employs more than 280 thousand people.

Its mission is to represent, defend, develop and promote the Brazilian footwear industry,

with respect, excellence and results

According to the International Trade Organization, Brazil is the largest healthcare

market in Latin America, spending 9.47% of its GDP on healthcare, which represents

US$161 billion and an employment rate between 51% and 57% according to statista.

Although Brazil maybe performing prosperously, Brazil’s government still faces

polarized politics including a weak central state and an erosion of trust in the ruling

class. Mostly because of how governments struggle to maintain peace and security in

Brazil's vast territory particularly the Amazon and Favelas. With corruption a persistent

38
problem in the state, this has led to their justice system being slow due to an

amendment allowing any case to be appealed to the Supreme Court and an

overburdened justice system. In addition, Brazil's corruption can also be derived from

operation car wash (2014-19) an investigation that exposed corruption at state-owned

oil firm Petrobras and contracting companies. The prosecution, led by Judge Sergio with

former Brazilian president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (Lula) jailed for accepting services

from companies involved in the scandal

Legal and Trade Analysis

a. Explain any legal issues that will impact foreign trade

Complex Tax Systems

Brazil's tax system is complex due to high taxes and tariffs on imported goods

and services from the US and other markets. The country applies federal, state, and

local taxes to imports, which can double the cost of imported products. Although tax

simplification legislation is expected to be approved by Congress, the system remains

complex until it is implemented. The implementation phase is expected to begin in 2026

and continue through 2032. The complexities of Brazil's domestic tax system, including

multiple cascading taxes and tax disputes among states, pose challenges for

companies operating in and exporting to Brazil. The U.S. Commercial Service offers

industry specialists and contacts to help U.S. exporters navigate the bureaucracy

surrounding taxes and Tariffs

Non-traffic Barriers –

39
 U.S. exporters face a complex regulatory system, inadequate intellectual

property protection, and unique standards with limited recognition of international

standards. They must navigate federal, state, and local regulations, often meeting

different standards and technical requirements. Even if a company has successfully

tested and met US requirements, it may still be necessary to re-test and re-certify

products to meet Brazilian requirements.

b. Safety of Country

Terrorism

Brazil faces a relatively low threat. There have been no significant terrorist

attacks targeting civilians or infrastructure in recent years. However, security measures

are heightened during major international events, such as the World Cup or the

Olympics, where large crowds and international attention may attract potential threats

Index in Brazil increased to 1.99 Points in 2023 from 0.60 Points in 2022. Terrorism

Index in Brazil averaged 1.24 Points from 2002 until 2023, reaching an all time high of

2.69 Points in 2006 and a record low of 0.29 Points in 2005.

Crime

Brazil's crime rate is moderate to high, scoring 65.09 on the 2023 Organized

Crime Index. It ranks as the 4th country in South America for organized crime presence.

40
Property crimes in Brazil saw a decline from 2017 to 2020 but spiked again in 2021 and

2022, reaching approximately 348,540 and 386,500 incidents respectively. São Paulo

topped the list for car thefts and break-ins in 2022, followed by Rio de Janeiro. In 2023,

seven of the ten cities with the highest violent crime rates were in northeast Brazil, with

Feira de Santana ranking as the most violent city. However, Brazil recorded its lowest

number of Intentional Lethal Violent Crimes since 2010, saving nearly 2,000 lives.

Tourists are at risk of becoming victims of opportunistic offenses, especially in major

cities like Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and satellite cities of Brasilia. To protect

themselves, avoid keeping valuables in easily accessible places and cooperate calmly

with criminals, even if they are armed.

Tourist/Foreigner safety

The Brazilian government has taken steps to enhance public safety, including

increasing police presence in high-crime areas and enacting legislative measures to

improve emergency responses. However, the effectiveness of these initiatives is still

under scrutiny, as challenges such as gang violence and urban crime continue to affect

public security. For tourists, safety perceptions are often mixed. While some feel secure

in popular tourist spots with visible law enforcement, others worry about the risks of theft

or violence. Initiatives aimed at improving tourist safety, such as special tourist police

and awareness programs, play a critical role in enhancing Brazil's image as a travel

destination and fostering international confidence.

c. Trade

i. Rules

41
 Brazil is a founding member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and has

been involved in 16 cases under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism since 1996.

Its main trade policy objective is to implement trade agreements negotiated in the

1990s, such as the Uruguay Round and MERCOSUR, and improve market access

conditions for Brazilian products. Brazil has actively participated in the negotiations on

Financial Services and Basic Telecommunications, making offers to improve its

Uruguay Round commitments. In 2000, Brazil informed the WTO Council on Trade in

Services of its decision not to ratify the Fourth Protocol on Basic Telecommunications

and submitted a new schedule of commitments for consideration by WTO Members.

Brazil is also focusing on deepening integration in South America, as the region's

largest economy and trader. One of Brazil's major trade objectives is the completion of

MERCOSUR, including sectors excluded from free trade, the progressive elimination of

exceptions to the Comprehensive Economic Agreement (CET), coordination of

economic policies, and integration in new areas. Brazil's main single trading partner is

the United States.

ii. Restrictions

42
 Brazil, a member of the Mercosur trading bloc, has its own regional standards

organization that issues and harmonizes standards. Technical committees recommend

standards in selected areas, which each country must ratify before adoption. Several

Mercosur standards have been adopted, and Brazil is negotiating several Free Trade

Agreements (FTAs) through Mercosur, including one with the European Union, which

has not yet entered into force. Brazil is implementing reforms to improve the business

climate, including a 2021 "Doing Business" law, new transfer pricing regulations, and a

Congress measure to simplify the tax structure. These measures aim to simplify the

process of opening a business, facilitate foreign trade, and expand minority shareholder

powers. However, further reform is needed to address Brazil's restrictive labor laws.

Companies entering the Brazilian market should seek local partners and customs

brokers to navigate the complex legal, regulatory, and tax systems.

Iii. Tariffs

Brazil's imports are subject to several taxes and fees, including the Import Duty

(II), Industrialized Product tax (IPI), and Merchandise and Service Circulation tax

(ICMS). These taxes are usually paid during the customs clearance process. The

Mercosul Common External Tariff (CET) was implemented by Brazil and its Southern

Common Market partners, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, on January 1, 1995.

Import duty (II) is a federally-mandated product-specific tax levied on a CIF (Cost,

Insurance, and Freight) basis. In most cases, Brazilian import duty rates range from 10

percent to 35 percent. IPI is a federal tax levied on most domestic and imported

manufactured products, assessed at the point of sale by the manufacturer or processor

in the case of domestically produced goods and at the point of customs clearance in the

43
case of imports. The GOB levies the IPI rate by determining how essential the product

may be for the Brazilian end-user.

The ICMS is a state government value-added tax applicable to both imports and

domestic products. The ICMS tax on imports is assessed ad valorem on the CIF value,

plus import duty, plus IPI. Although importers have to pay the ICMS to clear the

imported product through customs, it is not necessarily a cost item for the importer

because the paid value represents a credit to the importer. When the product is sold to

the end user, the importer debits the ICMS, which is included in the final price of the

product and is paid by the end [Link]'s customs regime allows for ex tariff imports

of foreign and U.S. manufactured goods under some circumstances. This tax reduction,

called 'ex tariff' or 'ex tarifário,' consists of a temporary reduction on import duties of

capital goods, information technology, and telecommunications (BIT) when there is no

domestic equivalent production. The Ministry of Economy coordinates the ex-tariff

program, which can only be requested by local companies with import/export

registration with Customs. If this status is granted, the import tariff can be temporarily

lowered to 2 percent for up to two years.

44
 iv. Other restrictions

Memberships (i.e., EFTA, NAFTA, etc.)

Mercosur (Southern Common Market):

Brazil is a founding member of Mercosur, a regional trade bloc that includes

Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Venezuela (with Bolivia's membership under

process). This bloc facilitates the free movement of goods, services, and factors of

production between members and applies common external tariffs to non-member

countries. This agreement also allows Brazil to negotiate collectively with external trade

partner.

World Trade Organization (WTO):

Brazil is an active member of the WTO, which governs international trade rules

and resolves trade disputes globally. As a WTO member, Brazil adheres to the

organization's trade policies, allowing it to engage in free trade under internationally

recognized standard

BRICS:

Brazil is part of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), a group of

emerging economies that promotes economic cooperation. BRICS countries often

engage in trade agreements and policies to advance collective interests, including

infrastructure, investment, and trade facilitation

45
Other Bilateral and Multilateral Agreements:

Brazil also enters into various free trade agreements with other regions and

countries, but it is not a member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) or

NAFTA (which was replaced by the USMCA in 2020). Brazil is negotiating agreements

with countries like the European Union and the United States, focusing on reducing

trade barriers and enhancing economic ties

Cultural Analysis

a. Describe culture using Hofstede’s dimension

Brazil’s cultural traits can be understood through Hofstede’s dimensions, which

highlight key aspects of its societal and business practices. The country scores high in

power distance, indicating that hierarchy is deeply ingrained in its culture. People accept

unequal power distribution in organizations, families, and society, and in business,

decisions are typically made by top management, with subordinates following orders

without much debate. Brazil is also a collectivist society where group loyalty and family

connections are paramount. Personal relationships and trust are critical in business

dealings, and networking plays a significant role in career advancement and

negotiations. Additionally, Brazil leans slightly toward femininity, emphasizing quality of

life, caring for others, and work-life balance. Team collaboration is preferred, and

interpersonal harmony is valued over aggressive competition in the workplace.

Brazilians also have a high need for rules, planning, and security to manage

uncertainty, preferring structured environments with clear instructions and predictable

business procedures. Risk aversion is common, and companies often conduct

46
extensive due diligence before committing to new ventures. With a short-term

orientation, Brazilian culture focuses on immediate results, traditions, and enjoyment of

life over long-term planning. Furthermore, Brazil scores high on indulgence, reflecting a

culture that celebrates leisure, festivals, and social connections, making interpersonal

interactions dynamic and vibrant.

b. Religious Beliefs

Religion also plays a central role in Brazilian culture, with approximately 64% of

the population identifying as Roman Catholic, a legacy of Portuguese colonization.

Catholicism significantly influences Brazilian traditions, festivals, and cultural identity. A

growing segment of the population (22%) identifies as Protestant, including Evangelical

and Pentecostal groups, while other minority religions such as Spiritism, Buddhism,

Judaism, Islam, and Candomblé—an Afro-Brazilian faith—are also practiced. Religious

practices, such as attending mass and participating in processions, remain integral to

daily life. Festivals like Carnival, rooted in Catholic traditions, have evolved into cultural

celebrations that blend religious and secular elements.

c. Rules for Business Etiquette, Gifts and Foods

In business etiquette, building personal connections is crucial. Brazilians prefer

conducting business with individuals they trust, so investing time in relationship-building

is essential. Greetings often include handshakes and direct eye contact, with close

acquaintances exchanging kisses on the cheek or pats on the back. Communication is

typically indirect, with an emphasis on politeness and diplomacy to avoid confrontation.

Although punctuality is valued, meetings may not always start on time, and flexibility is

appreciated. Gift-giving is not central to business culture but is seen as a gesture of

47
goodwill, with appropriate gifts including chocolates, fine wines, or small decorative

items, while black or purple wrapping should be avoided as these colors signify

mourning. Business meetings often extend into lunches or dinners, which focus on

relationship-building rather than discussing details. Brazilians enjoy hearty meals such

as **feijoada** (bean stew with pork) and **pão de queijo** (cheese bread), and dining

etiquette includes waiting for the host to start eating, enjoying the leisurely pace of the

meal, and complimenting the food. Understanding these cultural nuances is essential

for fostering meaningful connections and navigating the complexities of doing business

in Brazil.

d. Is there a shadow or underground economy? If so, what impact does that have

on business, especially foreign business coming to this country?

According to ETCO, in 2022 the weight of the shadow economy of Brazil in GDP

was measured at 17.8% which can be monetarily be valued close to R$ 1.7 trillion reais.

Furthermore, the impact was said to be reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic where

market labor performance to which most of the shadow economy was composed of was

interrupted. During the 201/2016 crisis regarding the decline of Brazils market labor

performance led to the growth of informal employment thus stimulating the successive

increase of the Underground Economy Index between 2015 and 2019. It can be

interpreted, that businesses find ways to reduce cost by participating in shadow

economic activities such as informal hiring and evading taxes which is beneficial to

reduce costs. This prompted the Brazilian government to simplify norms and regulations

such as labor reform which continues to stimulate formalization reducing its cost and

48
PIX, an online payment app to facilitate the use of efficient and formal payment

mechanisms.

e. Do you need to be part of a network or have a mentor or advisor to pave the

way for your business? Are there ways to have special consideration?

Although not legally required, CEO David Nish of Unilever encountered decisions

and management situations he hadn’t encountered in the past which were made much

clearer by someone who had been down on similar roads before whom was named

Niall FitzGerald a former chairman of Unilever. With that mentioned, mentoring can be

deemed beneficial as it help novices learn the ropes to facilitate accultiration,

performance and career progress of new entrants. According to Business Queensland a

website held by the Queensland Government stated that networking raises business

profile, share new ideas and increases sales. Now with networking an important role to

enhance your marketing program, it enables you to explore opportunities with

customers, employees, investors and stakeholders.

f. Is corruption a way of life in this country? How does Transparency

International rate this country and why did they receive the rating?

According to Transparency International, Brazils corruption perception index with

0 being highest rate of corruption and 100 the lowest rate of corruption scores at 36

which ranks 104th out of 180 countries. It is stated that countries located in Latin

America are common to recieve this rating because of the frequent removal of judges

and prosecutors without merit through opaque and illegal instances, thus undermining

49
judiciary influence and fostering injustice throughout society. This system in return only

applies to the interest of the ruling government and elite class, thus ensuring impunity

for the corrupt and hampers recovery for stolen assets.

g. How dangerous is this county for living?

According to [Link], in summary violent crime such as murder, armed

robber, and carjacking is common in urban areas, day and night due to widespread

gang activity and organized crime. In addition, sedatives and drugs placed in drinks are

common in nightclubs and bars in Brazil. With criminal activities prevalent in this

country, the [Link] has given the following guidelines to minimize risks in

falling victim to criminal activity such as avoiding travel into areas within 150km of

Brazil’s land borders, avoiding travel to informal house developments due to high rate of

criminal activity and avoiding drinks from strangers with the inclusion of avoiding

nightclubs and bars.

50
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