Basic Statistical Data Analysis

using Jamovi
Zeren Lucky L. Cabanayan
STAT2100 – Statistical Analysis with Software Application
1st Semester, 2024-2025

1
CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS
Learning Outcomes
After completing this chapter, the students must be able to
• Perform one sample t-test using Jamovi
• Perform independent-samples t-test using Jamovi
• Perform paired-samples t-test using Jamovi
• Perform correlation analysis using Jamovi
• Perform simple linear regression analysis using Jamovi
• Perform chi-square test of association using Jamovi

Basic Statistical Data Analysis using Jamovi | 2

 DEPARTMENT of
school_setting school_type gender pretest posttest school_setting school_type gender pretest posttest
STATISTICS
Urban Public Female 62 72 Suburban Non-public Male 63 76
Urban Public Female 66 79 Suburban Non-public Female 63 78
Urban Public Male 64 76 Suburban Non-public Male 59 77
In this chapter Urban
Urban
Public
Public
Female
Male
61
64
77
76
Suburban
Suburban
Non-public
Non-public
Male
Male
61
65
77
72
we will be using Urban
Urban
Public
Public
Female
Male
66
63
74
75
Suburban
Suburban
Non-public
Non-public
Male
Female
66
67
83
81
Urban Public Female 63 72 Suburban Non-public Female 68 79
School Data in Urban Public Male 64 77 Suburban Non-public Female 63 80
Urban Public Female 61 72 Suburban Non-public Female 63 83
applying the Urban
Urban
Non-public
Non-public
Male
Male
61
64
73
74
Rural
Rural
Public
Public
Male
Male
63
67
78
79
different basic Urban
Urban
Non-public
Non-public
Male
Female
66
60
78
71
Rural
Rural
Public
Public
Male
Male
61
57
76
76
statistical data Urban
Urban
Non-public
Non-public
Female
Male
64
64
77
73
Rural
Rural
Public
Public
Female
Female
72
65
84
78
Urban Non-public Male 63 70 Rural Public Male 56 73
analysis in Jamovi Urban Non-public Male 67 73 Rural Public Female 64 77
Urban Non-public Female 63 71 Rural Public Male 65 80
Urban Non-public Male 64 73 Rural Public Male 65 79
Suburban Public Female 61 75 Rural Non-public Male 64 84
Suburban Public Male 58 78 Rural Non-public Female 62 81
Suburban Public Female 64 82 Rural Non-public Female 58 78
Suburban Public Male 58 77 Rural Non-public Female 63 84
Suburban Public Male 65 87 Rural Non-public Female 68 85
Suburban Public Male 65 80 Rural Non-public Male 66 81
Suburban Public Female 62 75 Rural Non-public Male 68 88
Suburban Public Male 58 73 Rural Non-public Female 66 81
Suburban Public Male 59 74 Rural Non-public Female 68 82
Suburban Public Male 59 74 Rural Non-public Male 68 79

Basic Statistical Data Analysis using Jamovi | 3

 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Comparing two means

There are different situations when you might compare means:
• When you have collected only one sample (you can’t split your outcome into two),
but you have information about a population that you’d like to compare that
sample to.
o In the case where you have access to both a known population mean and standard deviation,
you can use a one-sample z-test.
o In the case where you have access to the population mean, but not the population standard
deviation, you use a one-sample t-test.
• When you do have two samples that you can split your outcome variable by.
o In the case where the two samples do not consist of the same people (e.g., men vs. women),
you can use an independent-samples t-test
o In the case where you have the same group of people sampled twice (e.g., time 1 vs. time 2),
you can use a dependent-samples t-test, also known as a paired t-test.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

One Sample T-test

The one-sample t-test is a statistical hypothesis test used to determine
whether an unknown population mean is different from a specific value.

To do this in Jamovi, just clicked the Analyses tab and

select T-Tests then One Sample T-Test.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Example 1:
Using the school data,
test the claim that the
pretest score of students
is greater than 60. Use
0.05 level of significance.
To do this, just slid
pretest in the Dependent
Variables box. Under
Tests, checked Student’s
(for the traditional t-test).
Then input the Test value
in the Hypothesis.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Since we are testing the

claim that the pretest
score of students is
greater than 60, our
hypothesis would be >
Test value.

For additional statistics,

you could also checked
effect size, descriptives
and descriptive plots.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Assumption checks are also

available in Jamovi for one
sample t-test, these are
normality test (Shapiro-Wilk
test) and Q-Q plot. A low p-
value (< alpha) in Shapiro-
Wilk test means violation of
the normality assumption.

If the assumptions are

violated you may used
nonparametric test which is
Wilcoxon rank in the
Student’s option.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Solutions for Example 1:

Step 1: State the null (Ho) and alternative (Ha) hypothesis.
• Ho : 𝜇 = 60 ⟹ The pretest score of students is 60.
• Ha : 𝜇 > 60 ⟹ The pretest score of students is greater than 60.
Step 2: Identify the test to use, the tailed of the distribution and the level of
significance
• The test to use is one sample t-test since the assumptions such as normality test
(Shapiro-Wilk test = 0.232) and Q-Q plot all shows that the assumptions are not
violated (student’s in Jamovi).
• Since the alternative hypothesis is𝜇 > 60, therefore the tail of the distribution is
one-tailed test (> Test value in Jamovi).
• Level of significance: 𝛼 = 0.05
Basic Statistical Data Analysis using Jamovi | 9
 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Step 3: Formulate the decision rule

• Reject Ho if P-value < 𝛼 = 0.05

Step 4: Determine the P-value

• Based on the result of Jamovi, the P-value for one sample T-test is <0.001.

Step 5: Make a decision (whether to reject or not the Ho)

• Since P-value is less than 𝛼 = 0.05 , reject Ho
Step 6: Interpret the results
• At 5% level of significance, there is enough evidence to conclude that the
pretest score of students is greater than 60.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Independent-samples T-test
In this test, we are interested in whether two groups comprising independent
observations differ with each on a single, continuous outcome variable.

To do this in Jamovi, just clicked the Analyses tab and

select T-Tests then Independent Samples T-Test.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Example 2:
Using the school data,
determine whether there is
significant difference in the
pretest of the students for
public and non-public
school. Use 0.05 level of
significance.

To do this, just slid pretest

in the Dependent Variables
box and school_type in the
Grouping Variable box.
Under Tests, checked
Student’s (for the
traditional t-test).
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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Since we are testing

whether there is
significant difference in
the pretest of the
students for public and
non-public school, our
hypothesis would be
Group 1 ≠ Group 2.

For additional statistics,

you could also checked
effect size, descriptives
and descriptive plots.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Assumption checks are also

available in Jamovi, these
are homogeneity test
(Levene’s test), normality
test (Shapiro-Wilk test) and
Q-Q plot. A low p-value (<
alpha) in Shapiro-Wilk and
Levene’s test means
violation of the assumption.

If the assumptions are

violated you may used
nonparametric test which is
Mann-Whitney U in the
Student’s option.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Solutions for Example 2:

Step 1: State the null (Ho) and alternative (Ha) hypothesis.
• Ho : 𝜇1 = 𝜇2 ⟹ There is no significant difference in the pretest of the students for public and non-public school.
• Ha : 𝜇1 ≠ 𝜇2 ⟹ There is significant difference in the pretest of the students for public and non-public school.
Step 2: Identify the test to use, the tailed of the distribution and the level of
significance
• The test to use is independent-samples t-test since the assumptions such
as homogeneity test (Levene’s test = 0.28), normality test (Shapiro-Wilk
test = 0.174) and Q-Q plot all shows that the assumptions are not violated
(student’s in Jamovi).
• Since the alternative hypothesis is 𝜇1 ≠ 𝜇2 , therefore the tail of the
distribution is two-tailed test (Group 1 ≠ Group 2 in Jamovi).
• Level of significance: 𝛼 = 0.05
Basic Statistical Data Analysis using Jamovi | 15
 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Step 3: Formulate the decision rule

• Reject Ho if P-value < 𝛼 = 0.05
Step 4: Determine the P-value
• Based on the result of Jamovi, the P-value for Independent-samples T-test
is 0.057.
Step 5: Make a decision (whether to reject or not the Ho)
• Since P-value is not less than 𝛼 = 0.05 , failed to reject Ho
Step 6: Interpret the results
• At 5% level of significance, there is no enough evidence to conclude that
there is significant difference in the pretest of the students for public and
non-public school.
Basic Statistical Data Analysis using Jamovi | 16
 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Paired-samples T-test
Paired samples t-tests are used when you have a single outcome variable, but
the two groups that you are splitting the outcome variable by consist of the
same people (or sometimes, different people who are highly matched on key
variables).

To do this in Jamovi, just clicked the Analyses tab and

select T-Tests then Paired-samples T-test.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Example 3:
Using the school data,
determine whether there is
significant difference in the
pretest and posttest of the
students. Use 0.05 level of
significance.
To do this, just slid pretest
and post test in the Paired
Variable box. Under Tests,
we checked Student’s (for
the traditional t-test).

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Since we are testing

whether there is
significant difference in
the pretest and posttest
of the students, our
hypothesis would be
Group 1 ≠ Group 2.

For additional statistics,

you could also checked
effect size, descriptives
and descriptive plots.

Basic Statistical Data Analysis using Jamovi | 19

 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Assumption checks are also

available in Jamovi for
paired-samples t-test, these
are normality test (Shapiro-
Wilk test) and Q-Q plot. A
low p-value (< alpha) in
Shapiro-Wilk test means
violation of the normality
assumption.

If the assumptions are

violated you may used
nonparametric test which is
Wilcoxon rank in the
Student’s option.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Solutions for Example 3:

Step 1: State the null (Ho) and alternative (Ha) hypothesis.
• Ho : 𝜇1 = 𝜇2 ⟹ There is no significant difference in the pretest and posttest of the students.
• Ha : 𝜇1 ≠ 𝜇2 ⟹ There is significant difference in the pretest and posttest of the students.
Step 2: Identify the test to use, the tailed of the distribution and the level of
significance
• The test to use is paired-samples t-test since the assumptions such as
normality test (Shapiro-Wilk test = 0.36) and Q-Q plot all shows that the
assumptions are not violated. (student’s in Jamovi)
• Since the alternative hypothesis is 𝜇1 ≠ 𝜇2 , therefore the tail of the
distribution is two-tailed test (Group 1 ≠ Group 2 in Jamovi).
• Level of significance: 𝛼 = 0.05

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Step 3: Formulate the decision rule

• Reject Ho if P-value < 𝛼 = 0.05
Step 4: Determine the P-value
• Based on the result of Jamovi, the P-value for Paired-sample T-test is
<0.001.
Step 5: Make a decision (whether to reject or not the Ho)
• Since P-value is less than 𝛼 = 0.05 , reject Ho
Step 6: Interpret the results
• At 5% level of significance, there is enough evidence to conclude that there
is significant difference in the pretest and posttest of the students.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Correlation
Correlation analysis is a statistical method used to measure the strength of
the linear relationship between two variables and compute their association.

To do this in Jamovi, just clicked the Analyses tab and

select Regression then Correlation Matrix.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Example 4:
Using the school data, evaluate whether posttest have significant linear
relationship with pretest. Use 0.05 level of significance.

First, create scatterplot for

pretest and post test. To do this,
just clicked the Analyses tab
and select Exploration then
Scatterplot. Then, slid the
pretest in the X-Axis and
posttest in the Y-Axis. Then in
the Regression Line option,
checked Linear.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

To perform correlation in Jamovi, just slid the pretest and posttest in the left
box of Correlation matrix. Then in Correlation Coefficients checked Pearson
since both of the variables are continuous.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Solutions for Example 4:

Step 1: State the null (Ho) and alternative (Ha) hypothesis.

• Ho : There is no significant linear relationship between posttest and pretest.
• Ha : There is significant linear relationship between posttest and pretest.

Step 2: Identify the test to use and the level of significance

• The test to use is Pearson correlation since both of the variables are
continuous
• Level of significance: 𝛼 = 0.05

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Step 3: Formulate the decision rule

• Reject Ho if P-value < 𝛼 = 0.05
Step 4: Determine the P-value
• Based on the result of Jamovi, the value of Pearson correlation is 0.486
and the P-value is <0.001.
Step 5: Make a decision (whether to reject or not the Ho)
• Since P-value is less than 𝛼 = 0.05 , reject Ho
Step 6: Interpret the results
• At 5% level of significance, there is enough evidence to conclude that there
is significant linear relationship between posttest and pretest.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Simple Linear Regression

Simple linear regression is essentially the same as Pearson’s r, but without the
standardized variables. That is, the simple linear regression uses the raw
values of the variables.

To do this in Jamovi, just clicked the Analyses tab and

select Regression then Linear Regression.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Example 5:
Using the school data,
create regression
equation to predict
posttest using pretest as
explanatory variable.

To do this, just slid

posttest in the
Dependent Variables box
and pretest in the
Covariates box.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Click the Assumption checks

to evaluate the
performance of the model.
In here there are different
choices but for simple linear
regression we only need to
cheched normality test
(Shapiro-Wilk test), Q-Q
Residuals and Residuals
Plot. A low p-value (< alpha)
in Shapiro-Wilk means
violation of the assumption.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

ANOVA is also important

in evaluating the validity
of the model. To do this,
just click the Model
Coefficients, then
checked ANOVA test.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Solutions for Example 5:

The regression equation is

𝑦ො = 37.17 + 0.64 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡

Interpretation of the slope and the intercept:

• 37.17 is the estimated average value of posttest when the pretest is zero.
• 0.64 is the estimated increase in the average value of posttest as a result of
a one-unit change pretest.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Testing the significance of the slope

Step 1: Ho: 𝛽 = 0 (The slope of the regression equation in the population is zero.)
(There is no relationship between pretest and posttest.)
Ha: 𝛽 ≠ 0 (The slope of the regression line for the population is not equal to zero.)
(There is relationship between pretest and posttest.)

Step 2: Testing the significance of the slope, 𝛼=0.05

Step 3: Reject Ho if P-value < 0.05
Step 4: P-value = <0.001
Step 5: Since P-value is less than 0.05, reject Ho
Step 6: At 5% level of significance, we can conclude that there is
relationship between pretest and posttest.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Evaluate regression equation’s ability to predict:

1. Through Coefficient of Determination or 𝑹𝟐 = 0. 236 or 23.6%
Interpretation: 23.6% of the variation in the posttest is explained, or
accounted for, by the variation in the pretest.
2. Through plots
• Shapiro Wilk test (P-value = 0.603) means that the normality assumption is
not violated.
• Q-Q Residuals and Residuals Plot also shows that the assumptions are not
violated.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Chi-Square Test of Association

The chi-square test of association (sometimes called the chi-square test of
independence) helps to determine whether two or more categorical variables
are associated.

To do this in Jamovi, just clicked the Analyses tab and

select Frequencies then Independent Samples.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Example 6:
Using the school data,
determine whether sex
is related to school
type. Use 0.05 level of
significance.
To do this, just slid sex
in the Rows box and
school_type in the
Columns box.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

In the Statistics option,

checked 𝜒 2 for the Tests
and Group 1 ≠ Group 2
for the Hypothesis.

For Plots, just checked,

Bar Plot to show the
graphical presentation of
the variables.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Solutions for Example 6:

Step 1: State the null (Ho) and alternative (Ha) hypothesis.

• Ho : Sex and school type are not related.
• Ha : Sex and school type are related.

Step 2: Identify the test to use and the level of significance

• The test to use is Chi-Square Test of Association since the goal is to find
the relationship among qualitative variables.
• Level of significance: 𝛼 = 0.05

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Step 3: Formulate the decision rule

• Reject Ho if P-value < 𝛼 = 0.05
Step 4: Determine the P-value
• Based on the result of Jamovi, the P-value for Chi-Square Test of
Association is 0.602.
Step 5: Make a decision (whether to reject or not the Ho)
• Since P-value is not less than 𝛼 = 0.05 , failed to reject Ho
Step 6: Interpret the results
• At 5% level of significance, there is no enough evidence to conclude that
sex and school type are related.

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 DEPARTMENT of
STATISTICS

Some useful videos

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TeM09OH6Apk
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKarLkiwEIQ
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdzRaUG-zcM
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpmCS_VUw7I
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1DN_mPjon8
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVvi5mSRK8c

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