Unit-4 Menu and Dialog Box
A menu bar on top of the window contains the names of the pull down menus. The clicking on a names opens the name
containing menu items and sub menus. You create a menu bar using Jmenubar class as follows
Jmenu bar menuBar=new Jmenubar();
A menu bar is just a component that you can add any where you like normally it appear at the top of a frame you can add if
there with the set Jmenubar method
frame.set Jmenubar(menu bar);
JMenuBar class declaration
public class JMenuBar extends JComponent implements MenuElement, Accessible
JMenu class declaration
public class JMenu extends JMenuItem implements MenuElement, Accessible
JMenuItem class declaration
public class JMenuItem extends AbstractButton implements Accessible, MenuElement
Java JMenuItem and JMenu Example
import javax.swing.*;
class MenuExample
{
JMenu menu, submenu;
JMenuItem i1, i2, i3, i4, i5;
MenuExample(){
JFrame f= new JFrame("Menu and MenuItem Example");
JMenuBar mb=new JMenuBar();
menu=new JMenu("Menu");
submenu=new JMenu("Sub Menu");
i1=new JMenuItem("Item 1");
i2=new JMenuItem("Item 2");
i3=new JMenuItem("Item 3");
i4=new JMenuItem("Item 4");
i5=new JMenuItem("Item 5");
menu.add(i1); menu.add(i2); menu.add(i3);
submenu.add(i4); submenu.add(i5);
menu.add(submenu);
mb.add(menu);
f.setJMenuBar(mb);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new MenuExample();
}}
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class MenuExample implements ActionListener{
JFrame f;
JMenuBar mb;
JMenu file,edit,help;
JMenuItem cut,copy,paste,selectAll;
JTextArea ta;
MenuExample(){
f=new JFrame();
cut=new JMenuItem("cut");
copy=new JMenuItem("copy");
paste=new JMenuItem("paste");
selectAll=new JMenuItem("selectAll");
cut.addActionListener(this);
copy.addActionListener(this);
paste.addActionListener(this);
selectAll.addActionListener(this);
mb=new JMenuBar();
file=new JMenu("File");
edit=new JMenu("Edit");
help=new JMenu("Help");
edit.add(cut);edit.add(copy);edit.add(paste);edit.add(selectAll);
mb.add(file);mb.add(edit);mb.add(help);
ta=new JTextArea();
ta.setBounds(5,5,360,320);
f.add(mb);f.add(ta);
f.setJMenuBar(mb);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setVisible(true);
} public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if(e.getSource()==cut)
ta.cut();
if(e.getSource()==paste)
ta.paste();
if(e.getSource()==copy)
ta.copy();
if(e.getSource()==selectAll)
ta.selectAll();
} public static void main(String[] args) { new MenuExample(); } }
Java AWT PopupMenu
PopupMenu can be dynamically popped up at specific position within a component. It inherits the Menu class.
AWT PopupMenu class declaration
public class PopupMenu extends Menu implements MenuContainer, Accessible
Java AWT PopupMenu Example
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class PopupMenuExample
{ PopupMenuExample(){
final Frame f= new Frame("PopupMenu Example");
final PopupMenu popupmenu = new PopupMenu("Edit");
MenuItem cut = new MenuItem("Cut");
cut.setActionCommand("Cut");
MenuItem copy = new MenuItem("Copy");
copy.setActionCommand("Copy");
MenuItem paste = new MenuItem("Paste");
paste.setActionCommand("Paste");
popupmenu.add(cut);
popupmenu.add(copy);
popupmenu.add(paste);
f.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
popupmenu.show(f , e.getX(), e.getY());
}
});
f.add(popupmenu);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new PopupMenuExample();
}
}
Keyboard Mnemonics and Accelerators:-In java we can specify keyboard mnemonics for menus by keyboard
specifying a mnemonic letter in the menu item constructor.
JMenuItem CutItem=new JMenuItem(“cut”,”t”);
The keyboard mnemonic is display automatically in the menu by underling the mnemonic letter
For example, in the item defined in above example the label will displayed as cut_ with an underlined letter “t” .T o select a top
Level menu from the menu bar you hit the mnemonic letter.
Accelerators:-The accelerators are keyboard shortcuts that let you select menu items without Ever opening a menu
Eg:-many programs attach the accelerators CTRL+O and CTRL+s to open and save items in the file menu
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.KeyStroke;
public class JMenuItemKeyStroke {
public static void main(final String args[]) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("MenuSample Example");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
// File Menu, F - Mnemonic
JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
fileMenu.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_F);
menuBar.add(fileMenu);
// File->New, N - Mnemonic
JMenuItem newMenuItem = new JMenuItem("New", KeyEvent.VK_N);
fileMenu.add(newMenuItem);
// Edit->Cut, T - Mnemonic, CTRL-X - Accelerator
JMenuItem cutMenuItem = new JMenuItem("Cut", KeyEvent.VK_T);
KeyStroke ctrlXKeyStroke = KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("control X");
cutMenuItem.setAccelerator(ctrlXKeyStroke);
fileMenu.add(cutMenuItem);
frame.setJMenuBar(menuBar);
frame.setSize(350, 250);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
Enabling and Disabling Menu Items:-occasionally a particular menu item should only be selected in certain contexts
for eg when a document is opened for reading only the save and saveAs menu items are not meaningful. We could remove those
items from the menu with the Jmenuremove()method.it os better to decelaritive the menu items that load to temporarily in
appropriate command.
Dialog Boxes:-The JDialog control represents a top level window with a border and a title used to take some form of input
from the user.it inherits the dialog class.
Frame vs Dialog:-Frame and Dialog both inherits Window class. Frame has maximize and minimize buttons but Dialog
doesn't have.
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class DialogExample {
private static Dialog d;
DialogExample() {
Frame f= new Frame();
d = new Dialog(f , "Dialog Example", true);
d.setLayout( new FlowLayout() );
Button b = new Button ("OK");
b.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()
{
public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent e )
{
DialogExample.d.setVisible(false);
}
});
d.add( new Label ("Click button to continue."));
d.add(b);
d.setSize(300,300);
d.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new DialogExample(); }}
