Title of Project: Electrical Vehicle Thermal Management
Name & Registration no of Students:
Sudipti Mandal (1901106360),
Sandeep Dehury (1901106331),
Gantala Asish Kumar (2021106022)
Name of Supervisor: Mrs. Samikshya Mishra
ABSTRACT
Electric vehicle thermal management refers to the control of temperature in
various components of an electric vehicle (EV), including the battery, motor,
power electronics, and passenger cabin. Proper thermal management is crucial
for the safety, efficiency, and performance of an EV.
The main challenge in EV thermal management is to maintain a consistent
temperature range in different components, despite variations in external
conditions and internal loads. This requires a combination of passive and active
cooling/heating techniques, as well as sophisticated control algorithms.
One of the most critical components of an EV is the battery, which must be kept
within a narrow temperature range to ensure optimal performance and
longevity. Battery thermal management systems (BTMS) typically use a
combination of liquid or air cooling/heating, along with sensors and control
algorithms to maintain the desired temperature range.
Other components that require thermal management include the motor, power
electronics, and cabin heating/cooling systems. Depending on the design of the
EV, these components may share a common cooling/heating system with the
battery, or have separate systems.
Overall, EV thermal management is a complex and rapidly evolving field, with
many different approaches and technologies being developed and refined. As
EVs become more common and their performance expectations increase,
effective thermal management will become increasingly important.
Problem Statement:
One of the major challenges in the widespread adoption of electric vehicles
(EVs) is managing the thermal characteristics of the battery pack and electric
drive system. The battery pack generates a considerable amount of heat during
charging and discharging cycles, and the electric drive system generates heat
during operation. This excess heat can lead to reduced performance, decreased
battery life, and even safety hazards.
Therefore, the efficient thermal management of the EV is critical to ensure
optimal performance, range, and reliability. The thermal management system
must ensure that the battery pack and electric drive system are maintained
within a narrow operating temperature range. This temperature range is
typically between 20°C to 40°C. The thermal management system must also be
lightweight, cost-effective, and energy-efficient, as it directly impacts the
overall efficiency and range of the EV.
The current solutions for EV thermal management include passive cooling, air
cooling, liquid cooling, and hybrid cooling. However, each of these solutions
has its limitations, including weight, cost, complexity, and energy efficiency.
Additionally, there is a need for further research and development to improve
the thermal management of EVs, particularly in extreme weather conditions.
The cost of expansion valve is too higher therefore which we are trying to make
a system which will be cost effective , by replacing the valves with condenser
cum heat transfer model, Which will also increase the life of the coolant
Objective:
Temperature Management of Electric Vehicles (EVs)
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Condenser cum Evaporator Heat Transfer
Importance of Thermal Model In EVs:
The battery pack is one of the most important components of an electric vehicle,
and its performance and lifespan are significantly impacted by temperature.
High temperatures can cause irreversible damage to the battery, while low
temperatures can reduce its efficiency and capacity. Similarly, the motor and
power electronics also generate heat during operation, which can impact their
performance and lifespan. Therefore, maintaining optimal temperature
conditions for these components is essential to ensure the longevity and
reliability of an EV.
Components of a Typical Thermal Management System:
A typical EV thermal management system consists of several components,
including:
1. Heat Exchangers: Heat exchangers are used to transfer heat between
different fluids in the system. They can be air-to-liquid or liquid-to-liquid
exchangers, and are used to regulate the temperature of the battery,
motor, and power electronics.
2. Cooling Pumps: Cooling pumps are used to circulate coolant or
refrigerant through the heat exchangers and the components that require
cooling.
3. Refrigeration System: A refrigeration system can be used to actively cool
the battery pack and other components when required. This is typically
used in high-performance EVs, where the components generate a lot of
heat and require active cooling.
4. Thermal Insulation: Thermal insulation is used to minimize heat transfer
between different components in the system, and to maintain the
temperature of the components within their optimal range.
5. Temperature Sensors: Temperature sensors are used to monitor the
temperature of different components in the system, and to provide
feedback to the control system to adjust the cooling or heating as
required.
Simulation:
The outcome of the waveform comparison is analyzed are shown below for
different values like of the batteries, condenser, chiller, evaporator etc. To
determine and control the temperature for the battery.
Results and Wave-forms:
Simulation results from Condenser cum Evaporator Heat Transfer
Condenser Case
Evaporator Case
References:
1. "A Review of Electric Vehicle Thermal Management Systems" by N. Zhang
and X. Wang
2. "Electric Vehicle Thermal Management System Design and Performance
Analysis" by Y. Zhou, Z. Wang, and Q. Zheng
3. "Thermal Management Strategies for Electric Vehicles: A Review" by J.
Han, Y. Liu, and X. Wang
4. "Design and Optimization of Liquid Cooling System for Electric Vehicle
Battery Pack" by M. Chen, Y. Yang, and Z. Liu
Signature of Supervisor Signature of Students
