CHAPTER 2 OPERATING WEB PART B

Q-1 What is Web Based Application?

Ans : An application that can be accessed via a web browser, over a network connection is called a
web-based application. A web-based application provides the convenience of availability 24x7 across
the world. Examples : E-Ticket Booking, Online Shopping etc.

Q-2 What are the categories of Web Based Applications?

Ans The web-based online applications can be broadly categorized into

i) Applications that require financial online transactions
ii) Applications that provide information and allow interaction via filling forms, posting
query, viewing information, sending email or chatting etc.

ONLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM

An online reservation system allows booking /cancellation of tickets through use of Internet.

Some examples of online reservation systems are :

Airline ticket Railway ticket
Bus ticket Movie ticket
Hotel booking Car/Cab rental
Tour and travel booking etc.

Such reservation systems store information and allow the users to retrieve the information.

for example, the information about all the flights from Delhi to Mumbai like, timings, prices, air flight
provider (Air India, Spice jet etc.) and availability of seats. A user who wishes to fly from Delhi to
Mumbai can check the information about the flight timings, rates, seat availability, etc., and book a
ticket.

Ques – 3 What are the Advantages of Online Reservation System?

Ans : Online reservation systems have advantage for both for the company providing reservation
services and for the consumer who uses it.

Advantages for consumers:

 Convenient: The user/consumer can book tickets anytime from anywhere. Saves time and
energy/effort.
 Price Comparison: User can easily compare price from multiple websites at a single
platform.
 Security : Maintained by site being used by using sign up and giving id password.
 Confirmation of Orders/Reservation : Confirmation of orders/reservation is received hand
to hand so that further activities can be planned accordingly.
 Discount : Given by sites or credit/debit card companies that reduces cost.
 Time Saving:No hassle of standing in queues.

Advantages for Providers:

 Requires Less Staffing: Less man-power is required as every task is done through computers.
 No Spatial Restrictions: No physical space is required even for thousands of customers.
 Global Access: Anyone can access from anywhere around the world.

Ques 4 : Write Precautions that must be taken while Performing Online Transactions.
Ans: 1. Ensure that you are placing order from original and trustworthy sites.
2. Don’t share OTPs, Card Details with anyone.
3. Don’t share your login id password with anyone.
4. Passwords should be complex. Passwords like date of births, names of relatives can be easily
guessed.
Case Study : Steps for Booking Rail ticket
1. Check you have a PC or Mobile and an Active Internet Connection
2. Open IRCTC website
3. If you already have account SIGN IN or else complete SIGN UP process.
4. Login into your account using ID and password.
5. Search for tickets using Start station, End Station and Date etc. It will show train between desired
stations on given date. Availability is shown in terms of Class Such as Sleeper, 3AC, 2AC, 1AC etc.
6. Depending upon availability choose required train and enter Passenger details such as Name,Age,
Gender, Berth/Food Preference, Senior Citizen etc.
7. We have further options like Book only if confirmed ticket is booked or Book only if seats are
allotted in same coach.
8. Submit details and after that choose payment option.
9. Finish the payment process and after that ticket with PNR (Passenger Name Record) no is
generated showing confirmed/RAC/Waitlisted tickets depending on availability of seats.
10. Take print or save the ticket.
11. Take journey on mentioned date or you can cancel in between by paying cancellation charges.

Ques 5: What is E-Governance?

Ans : E-Governance or electronic governance is the use of electronic i.e. information and
communication technology (ICT) tools for governance by the government for the citizens. The ICT
tools include the Internet, Local Area Network (LAN), mobiles, etc. The government has set up ICT
enabled services, like, registration of birth/death certificate, booking of railway tickets, RTI
application submission, etc
The services of the e-governance portal can be broadly classified into two broad categories : to
provide information and to provide online services.
1. To provide information: . india.gov.in (The National Portal of India), goidirectory.nic.in
(Government of India Web Directory)
2. To provide online servies: myaadhar.uidai.gov.in (aadhar services), parivahan.gov.in (Online DL
, Permit etc), digilocker (online documents)
Important Points
NICNET : Launched in 1987 , - the national satellite-based computer network.
DISNIC : District Information System of the National Informatics Centre (DISNIC) program to
computerize all district offices in the country
NeGP : National e-Governance Plan (NeGP)
DEITY: Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DEITY)
DAR&PG : Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DAR&PG)
NeGD: National e-Governance Division (NeGD)

Ques 6: What is Online Shopping?

Online shopping is an e-commerce application where the customer can purchase goods over the
Internet.
Ques: 7 Write about Online Courses, Tutorials.
Ans : Online courses and tutorials help the user in learning like using software, video game, or a
lesson. In online tutoring, the students and the teachers are at physically different locations,
connected to each other via Internet. e.g. Byjus, Khanacademy, w3schools etc
Online NCERT website http://www.ncert.nic.in/index.html is a NCERT portal that provides online
learning resources in the form of e-books, journals, question papers, children books, etc.
Ques: 8 What is Web based application development?
Ans : Web based application development involves the process of developing web applications. A
web application is a program that is stored on a remote server. It is online and is delivered over the
Internet through a web browser interface. Aweb application may be of different kinds, like, a quiz, a
game, or a bill calculator.
Ques: 9 What is Project ?
Ans : A project is a task that is undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. Some of the
key characteristics of a project are as follows:
 A project has a beginning and an end.
 The extent of the project is defined. It has boundaries.
 A project requires finite resources that are required to complete the project.
 A project has a specific time frame. It has a definite beginning and end dates.
 A project is complete when its end objectives are achieved. The objective is specific and
identifiable.
Ques : 10 What is Project Management?
Ans : Project Management is the process of achieving the objectives of the project through a set of
activities defined within the time frame, to produce the end result. It is the application of
knowledge, skills,tools,and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements.
Ques : 11 Write various phases in Web Application Project.
Ans : The process of development of web based applications is broadly categorized in four phases.
During the development process, one needs to follow the following four main phases of
development:
1) Requirements Definition Phase
2) Design Phase
3) Implementation Phase
4) Testing Phase
Additionally, for all these phases there is a Planning and Monitoring phase.
Ques 12 : What is Project Plan?
Ans : A project plan lists the activities that are required to be monitored during project execution.
For each activity information useful for its monitoring is defined, like, duration, costs, schedule,
resources required, and risk involved.
Ques 13 : Explain various phases in Web Application Project.
Ans : 1) Requirement Definition Phase: In this phase we identify the problem statement for which
the web application is to be developed.
The following issues need to be addressed in this phase.
(a) Feasibility: Is the project feasible?
(i) Check whether the project is technically feasible (is it possible to do it?).
(ii) Check whether the project is economically feasible (is it profitable?).
(iii) If feasible, proceed further, otherwise there is no need to proceed with the project.
(b) Scope: The focus is on "what" the application must do. To define the scope of the application,
(i) Compile a detailed list with a clear description of application features.
(ii) Establish the goals that the solution must achieve.
(iii) Recognizing the limitations that are placed on the project.

2) Design Phase: The focus is on "how" the application is to be designed.

This consists of design of:
(a) A Map of the Web Application Site: It contains essential information about the structure of the
site - the pages and the relationships between them. Thus we have a map with pages and a path
connecting them. We have to simply implement the pages and follow the path to connect them.
(b) Database: Design the application database.
(i) Identify the database tables that will be required in the application.
(ii) Decide the table structures: For each table we need to identity the attributes of the tables, their
data types, the size of the columns in the tables, the relationship between tables.
(c) Page Structure: Design the structure of page. Identify the main sections of the page like header,
main content and sidebar.

3) Implementation Phase: Create backend database, frontend and the connectivity between them.
a) Backend Database: Create the database and write SQL code defining tables, attributes and
relationships, as per the requirement of the application.
b) Frontend: Develop the frontend of the application as per the requirement. Use the Page Structure
and the Page Layout you defined in Design phase to implement the frontend code. Identify the
inputs that are required to be taken from the user in the Front-End of the application. Decide the
kind of buttons you will provide to the user, to minimize the user's typing effort, like, Radio buttons,
checkbox, list and combo box.
c) Data Connectivity: Establish the data connectivity between the Front-End interface and Back-End
Database.
4) Testing Phase:
Test the complete application (Front-End and Back-End) with multiple sample sets of data. Find all
the application bugs and fix them. Test each page of the application and test each feature of the
application.