CS_RS11-IIIa-3
LESSON 2: The Characteristics and Process of Research
QUARTER 1 | S.Y. 2024-2025
Characteristics of Research assumptions, generalizations,
predictions, or conclusions.
1. Empirical 10. Timeliness
• The researcher acquires empirical • The research must work on a topic
evidences (e.g. facts, dataand that is fresh, new, and interesting to
information) generated through the present society.
observation and experimentation. 11. Relevance
• Research is based on firsthand • Its topic must be instrumental in
experience or observation by the improving society or in solving
researcher. problems affecting the lives of people
2. Logical in a community.
• Research is based on valid 12. Clarity
procedures and principles. It is • Research must succeed in expressing
guided by the rules on logical its central point or discoveries by
reasoning. using simple, direct, concise, and
3. Cyclical correct language.
• Research is cyclical because it 13. Original
originates with a question or a • The research output must be original
problem and ends with another and a product of novel ideas.
problem.
4. Analytical
Research Process
• Research utilizes proven analytical
procedures in gathering the data,
whether historical, descriptive, and
experimental and case study.
• Careful analysis and interpretation of
data is necessary in order to establish
why something behaves in such a
manner or how it came to be.
5. Critical
• Research exhibits careful and precise
judgment.
6. Methodical or Systematic Step 1: The researcher begins with selecting a
• Research is conducted in a general problem which is interesting and aligned
with one’s specialization.
methodical manner without bias
using systematic method and Step 2: Reviewing related literature allows the
procedures. researcher to explore further the chosen problem.
• It follows a certain method or Literature review can reveal what has been studied.
procedure in order to obtain objective Results of similar researches may also surface. The
results. researcher may also identify the research GAP, the
7. Replicability missing piece of a puzzle in a study.
• The research design and procedures Step 3: After a thorough literature review, the
are replicated or repeated to enable researcher is now ready to formulate a specific
the researcher to arrive at valid and research problem, question or hypothesis.
conclusive results. Step 4: Data gathering follows. Researcher needs
8. Accuracy to make sure that the specific research problem and
questions are the main focus of collecting data.
• The research must give correct or
accurate data, which the footnotes, Step 5: When the data are made available, these
notes, and bibliographical entries have to be carefully analyzed and presented.
should honestly and appropriately Step 6: The researcher interprets the findings and
documented or acknowledged. formulates conclusions and recommendations.
9. Objectiveness
• The research must deal with facts,
not with mere opinions arising from
