Bissma Najam 70128022
BSRT DEPARTMENT :- DHPT(FAHS)
Assignment
Bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that allows doctors to view the airways and
diagnose or treat conditions of the lungs using a bronchoscope, a thin, tube-
like instrument equipped with a light and camera.
Types of Bronchoscopy
1. Flexible Bronchoscopy
Thin and flexible scope.
Performed under local anesthesia and conscious sedation.
Commonly used for diagnostic and some therapeutic purposes.
2. Rigid Bronchoscopy
Straight and inflexible scope.
Requires general anesthesia.
Used for therapeutic interventions, such as removing foreign bodies or
placing airway stents.
Indications
Diagnostic Indications:
Persistent cough or hemoptysis (coughing up blood).
Unexplained lung infections.
Abnormalities on chest imaging (e.g., mass, infiltrate).
Suspected lung cancer or interstitial lung disease.
Evaluation of airway obstructions or stenosis.
Therapeutic Indications:
Removal of foreign bodies or mucus plugs.
Management of airway bleeding.
Placement of stents for airway obstruction.
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for infection or inflammation.
Contraindications
Severe hypoxemia (low oxygen levels unmanageable during the procedure).
Unstable cardiovascular status or recent myocardial infarction.
Uncontrolled bleeding or clotting disorders.
Severe tracheal stenosis (increased risk of airway compromise).
Patient unfit for sedation or general anesthesia.
Complications
1. Common Complications:
Sore throat and hoarseness.
Bleeding (minor and usually self-limited).
Fever post-procedure.
2. Serious Complications:
Pneumothorax (collapsed lung).
Significant bleeding.
Infection.
Bronchospasm or laryngospasm.
Procedure
1. Preparation:
Patient fasting for 6-8 hours before the procedure.
Pre-procedure evaluation, including blood tests and imaging.
Administration of local anesthetic spray and/or sedatives.
2. During the Procedure:
The bronchoscope is inserted through the nose or mouth.
Visualization of the airways, collection of biopsies, or therapeutic
interventions are performed.
3. Post-Procedure Care:
Observation for complications like bleeding or pneumothorax.
Avoid eating or drinking until the throat numbing wears off.
