FOUNDATION YEAR
2023-2024
មុខវិជ្ជា ៖ កាយវិភាគវិទ្យា (Anatomy)
Session 9: Muscular System
បេព័នសាច់ដុំ
CONTENTS
1 Types of muscle
2 Functions of muscle
3 Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
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Learning outcomes (LOs)
At the end of this session, students will be able to:
- Describe the types of muscles
- Describe the functions of the muscular system
- Describe the microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
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Introduction to Muscular System
• Muscle tissue is the only tissue in the body that is
specialized for contraction.
• There are more than 650 skeletal muscles, and they
makes up about 40 percent of a person’s body weight.
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Introduction to Muscular System
•The size and strength of skeletal muscles are
maintained or increased by regular exercise.
•Myology is the study of the structure, function, and
diseases of muscle.
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I. Types of Muscle បេភេទសាច់ដុំ
Three types of Muscular Tissue
Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle Smooth Muscle
- Found attached to -Found in the heart -Found in organs
bones of the skeleton -Involuntary, -Involuntary,
- Voluntary, striated striated, branching non-striated
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In this
lesson, we Skeletal
focus on Muscle
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I. Types of Muscles បេភេទសាច់ដុំ
Skeletal Muscle
● Attached to bone and causes movement of the body
● Known as voluntary muscle because it can be contracted at will
● Appears markedly striated when examined with a microscope
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II. Functions of muscle
1. Produce body 2. Maintain the 3. Heat production
movements posture/body
position
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III. Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscles
Skeletal Muscle Structure
• Consists of bundles of tiny fibers that run
the length of the muscle.
• Most fibers are about 3 cm long and 0.05
mm wide.
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Connective Tissue Components
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Three Connective Tissue Sheaths
Epimysium Perimysium Endomysium
- Surrounds the entire - surrounds fascicles - surrounds
muscle - dense irregular CT individual muscle
- dense irregular fibers
connective tissues
- reticular CT
(CT)
Noted: Nerves and blood vessels enter, exit and branch throughout CT 12
A skeletal muscle cell is called a muscle fiber
A delicate connective tissue called endomysium covers each muscle
fiber.
Muscle fibers are grouped in bundles called fascicles.
Perimysium layer encases the fascicles.
Epimysium layer, surrounds the muscle as a whole and binds
all the muscle fibers together
Connective tissue called fascia surrounds the muscle
outside the epimysium.
Skeletal Muscle Structure 13
Organization of Skeletal Muscle
1. Skeletal Muscle
Is the single skeletal muscle is an
organ made up of a group of
bundled, organized muscle fibers
2. Muscle Fascicle
3. Muscle Fiber
4. Myofibril
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Organization of Skeletal Muscle
1. Skeletal Muscle
Is the one bundle of
muscle fibers
2. Muscle Fascicle
Is a bundle of skeletal muscle 3. Muscle Fiber
fibers
4. Myofibril
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Organization of Skeletal Muscle
• A single skeletal muscle cell is a muscle fiber
• A muscle fiber contains organelles called myofibrils
• Myofibrils are groups of contractile proteins, actin and myosin
arranged in a sarcomere
• Sarcomere arrangement creates the “stripes” seen
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Muscle Cells have Organelles
Specialized to support contraction, high levels of activity
Muscle Fiber (cell)
Capillaryl Myofibril Endomysium
Sarcoplasm
Cross section of
Mitochondrion muscle fiber (cell)
Myosatellite cell
Sarcolemma
Nucleus
Axon of neuron
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Interactive Lecture and Discussion
Understand the types of muscles, their functions, and the
microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle.
● Materials: Paper provide by lecture, markers, projector,
slides with images and diagrams of muscles.
● Activity:
○ Begin with a brief lecture covering the different types
of muscles, their functions, and the microscopic
anatomy of skeletal muscle.
○ Use diagrams and images to illustrate the differences
between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
○ Discuss the functions of the muscular system and
highlight key points.
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Muscle Cells have Organelles
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Sarcolemma: plasma
membrane surrounding
muscle fiber
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Terminal cisternae
Transverse tubules (T-tubule)
Triads
Transverse section of muscle fiber (cell) 20
Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) (smooth endoplasmic
reticulum)
•Surrounds each myofibril
•Releases calcium when muscle fiber is stimulated to contract
Terminal cisternae
Transverse tubules (T-tubule)
Triads
Transverse section of muscle fiber (cell) 21
Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
Terminal cisternae: expanded ends of SR
Transverse tubules (T-tubule)
Triads
Transverse section of muscle fiber (cell) 22
Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
Terminal cisternae
Transverse tubules (T-tubule): deep indentations
of the sarcolemma into the muscle fiber
•Conducts electrical impulse from the sarcolemma
Triads
down into the muscle fiber
Transverse section of muscle fiber (cell) 23
Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
Terminal cisternae
Transverse tubules (T-tubule)
Triads are made up of T-tubules surrounded by 2 Terminal
cisternae of SR.
Functional unit of electrical conduction to calcium release.
Transverse section of muscle fiber (cell) 24
Sarcoplasm
Sarcoplasm: cytoplasm of the muscle fiber
•fluid + organelles: mitochondria, glycogen, myoglobin,
sarcoplasmic reticulum (modified ER) and myofibrils
(modified cytoskeleton)
Transverse section of muscle fiber (cell) 25
Mitochondria: are organelles that make ATP
• Muscle cells have many mitochondria to support their high activity
level
Myofibrils: are the contractile
organelles of the muscle cell
•surrounded by sarcoplasmic
reticulum (stores Ca2+)
•units of thick and thin contractile
proteins; sarcomere arrangement
Transverse section of muscle fiber (cell) 26
Structure of Muscle Fibers
Sarcolemma Myofibrils Sarcoplasmic reticulum
(SR)
Transverse (T) tubules
Myofilaments
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Myosin (thick) filaments
•Tail with split head
•Arranged in bundles with
heads out
•Heads contain ATP binding
site
•Heads bind to and pull on
actin during contraction
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Actin (thin) filament
Tropomyosin – spirals around actin
to blocks actin active site, prevents
myosin binding to actin
Troponin – contains three binding
● Actin molecules bound together sites
into a long twisted strand by -Actin binding site
nebulin protein -Tropomyosin binding site
● Contains active binding site for -Calcium binding site
myosin heads to grab on
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A plate or disc called a Z-disc, or Z-line, serves
as an anchor point for thin myofilaments. The section between the Z-discs is called a sarcomere.
This is where muscle contraction occurs.
Thin (actin) filament
Thick (myosin) filament
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Do you have any question?
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