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Operating System Design and

Implementation
Computer Science MCA Operating System

An operating system is a construct that allows

the user application programs to interact with
the system hardware. Operating system by
itself does not provide any function but it
provides an atmosphere in which different
applications and programs can do useful work.

There are many problems that can occur while

designing and implementing an operating
system. These are covered in operating system
design and implementation.

Operating System Design Goals

It is quite complicated to define all the goals
and specifications of the operating system while
designing [Link] design changes depending on
the type of the operating system i.e if it is
batch system, time shared system, single user
system, multi user system, distributed system
etc.

There are basically two types of goals while

designing an operating system. These are −

User Goals
The operating system should be convenient,
easy to use, reliable, safe and fast according to
the users. However, these specifications are not
very useful as there is no set method to
achieve these goals.

System Goals
The operating system should be easy to design,
implement and maintain. These are
specifications required by those who create,
maintain and operate the operating system. But
there is not specific method to achieve these
goals as well.

Operating System Mechanisms and

Policies
There is no specific way to design an operating
system as it is a highly creative task. However,
there are general software principles that are
applicable to all operating systems.

A subtle difference between mechanism and

policy is that mechanism shows how to do
something and policy shows what to do. Policies
may change over time and this would lead to
changes in mechanism. So, it is better to have
a general mechanism that would require few
changes even when a policy change occurs.

For example - If the mechanism and policy are

independent, then few changes are required in
mechanism if policy changes. If a policy favours
I/O intensive processes over CPU intensive
processes, then a policy change to preference
of CPU intensive processes will not change the
mechanism.

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Operating System Implementation

The operating system needs to be implemented
after it is designed. Earlier they were written in
assembly language but now higher level
languages are used. The first system not
written in assembly language was the Master
Control Program (MCP) for Burroughs
Computers.

Advantages of Higher Level

Language
There are multiple advantages to implementing
an operating system using a higher level
language such as: the code is written more
fast, it is compact and also easier to debug and
understand. Also, the operating system can be
easily moved from one hardware to another if it
is written in a high level language.

Disadvantages of Higher Level

Language
Using high level language for implementing an
operating system leads to a loss in speed and
increase in storage requirements. However in
modern systems only a small amount of code is
needed for high performance, such as the CPU
scheduler and memory manager. Also, the
bottleneck routines in the system can be
replaced by assembly language equivalents if
required.

Kristi Castro

Updated on: 22-Jun-2020

24K+ Views

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