IDEAS WRITING TASK 2: FORECAST QUARTER 1 - 2025

1. Directors of large organizations earn much higher salaries than ordinary employees do. Some
people think it is necessary, but others are of the opinion that it is unfair. Discuss both views and give
your opinion.

View 1: High salaries for directors are necessary

1. Directors are responsible for managing the whole company

Directors make crucial decisions that affect the future of the company. These decisions often
involve risk and high stakes. Their high salary is necessary to compensate for the responsibility
and stress that come with the job.
Example: During a financial crisis, a director might need to decide how to save the company
from bankruptcy, a tough job that requires experience and leadership.

2. Directors have specialized knowledge and experience

Directors often have years of experience and qualifications that help them guide the company
effectively. Their specialized knowledge is critical for managing complex situations. This expertise
justifies their higher salary compared to ordinary employees.
Example: A director with an MBA has gained expertise over the years that ordinary employees
do not possess, making them more valuable to the company.

3. High salaries can motivate other employees

Seeing high salaries at the top can inspire employees to work harder. It encourages them to
improve their skills and aim for higher positions within the company. This can lead to greater
productivity across the organization.
Example: A worker might be inspired to take on extra responsibilities if they know it will lead to a
high-paying management role.

View 2: High salaries are unfair

1. Ordinary employees also work hard

Many employees work long hours and perform difficult tasks, yet they earn much less than
directors. Their contributions are crucial for the company’s day-to-day operations. It seems
unfair when their efforts are not properly rewarded.
Example: Factory workers who assemble products or retail staff who deal with customers all day
play a vital role in the company’s success but receive lower pay than directors.

2. The pay gap causes inequality

The large salary difference between directors and employees creates inequality within society.
This gap can lead to frustration and resentment among workers who feel their work is
undervalued. Such disparities can fuel social tension.
Example: If a director drives a luxury car while workers can barely pay rent, it shows how wide
the gap is and can lead to frustration among employees.
 3. Teamwork is key to a company’s success
Companies rely on the efforts of all employees, not just directors. While directors make
important decisions, success is also due to the work of everyone in the company. High salaries
for just one person ignore the teamwork needed for success.
Example: If workers stop working, the company would struggle even if the director is highly
skilled. Therefore, everyone deserves fair pay for their efforts.

2. In many countries, a small number of people earn extremely high salaries. Some people believe that
this is good for the country, but others think that governments should not allow salaries above a
certain level. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

View 1: High salaries are good for the country

1. High salaries drive economic growth

People who earn high salaries tend to spend more money, which boosts demand for goods and
services. This spending helps the economy grow by encouraging businesses to expand and create
jobs.
Example: A wealthy business owner might invest in new projects, providing work for others and
helping the economy grow.

2. Wealthy people pay more taxes

Rich people contribute a significant amount of taxes, which can be used to fund public services.
This helps improve infrastructure, healthcare, and education, benefiting society as a whole.
Example: A CEO’s high tax payments can help improve the local community by funding schools
or building better roads.

3. Wealth creates job opportunities

People with high incomes are more likely to start businesses, which in turn create jobs. These
businesses provide opportunities for other people to earn money and contribute to the
economy.
Example: A wealthy person who owns a large company employs thousands of workers, creating
job opportunities and providing a stable income for many families.

View 2: Governments should limit extremely high salaries

1. High salaries create inequality

When a few people earn enormous salaries, it increases the gap between the rich and the poor.
This inequality can lead to social instability and feelings of injustice among those who struggle to
make a living.
Example: In countries where the rich get richer while the poor stay poor, there can be higher
rates of crime or social unrest, as the poor may feel left behind.

2. Excessive pay can lead to greed

Extremely high salaries can encourage greed, making wealthy individuals focus only on
increasing their personal wealth. This could result in unethical behavior or corporate practices
 that harm others.
Example: A CEO may take a huge bonus while their company cuts jobs, which could damage the
company’s reputation and harm its workers.

3. Limits on salaries can promote fairness

By setting salary limits, governments can ensure that wealth is more evenly distributed. This
would help reduce inequality and allow for a more balanced economy, benefiting everyone, not
just the wealthy.
Example: If salary caps are introduced, it may prevent extreme wealth concentration and
promote a fairer distribution of resources.

3. Some people believe that children who commit crimes should be punished. Others think the
parents should be punished instead. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

View 1: Children should be punished

1. Children need to learn responsibility

Punishing children who commit crimes helps them understand that their actions have
consequences. It is important for children to learn accountability from a young age, so they don’t
repeat mistakes in the future.
Example: A child who steals from a store might be given a warning or a small punishment to
teach them that stealing is wrong.

2. Punishment can be a learning opportunity

When children face consequences for their actions, it can serve as a lesson to improve their
behavior. It encourages them to think before acting, fostering better decision-making in the
future.
Example: A young person caught vandalizing a wall might be required to clean it up, which helps
them understand the harm caused by their actions.

3. Children must face the legal system as a deterrent

If children who commit serious crimes are not punished, they may not take the law seriously.
Punishment can act as a deterrent to prevent them from engaging in more criminal behavior as
they grow older.
Example: A teenager who commits a crime like shoplifting may face a minor legal penalty, which
could deter them from committing larger crimes in the future.

View 2: Parents should be punished

1. Parents are responsible for their children’s behavior

Parents play a significant role in shaping their children’s morals and values. If a child commits a
crime, it could be a reflection of poor guidance or neglect from the parents. Holding parents
accountable could encourage better parenting.
Example: A child who is caught committing a crime might have been influenced by a lack of
supervision or positive role models at home.
 2. Parents’ punishment can improve family dynamics
Holding parents responsible can push them to provide better discipline and control at home. It
can lead to stronger family bonds, where parents take more care in raising their children
properly.
Example: If a parent is fined or faces other consequences, it may encourage them to spend more
time and attention on their child’s upbringing.

3. Punishing parents may prevent further crimes

If parents face consequences for their children’s actions, it could motivate them to prevent their
children from committing crimes in the future. It would send a message that the whole family
needs to act responsibly.
Example: A parent who faces penalties for their child’s crime might be more careful about
teaching their child the importance of following laws.

4. In many parts of the world, famous people are regarded as role models and they have an increasing
influence on the young. Is this a positive or negative development?

Positive Development:

1. Motivate Young People to Work Hard

○ Famous people often share their stories of how they worked hard to succeed. For
example, athletes talk about waking up early, training for hours, and never giving up.
These stories show young people that success is not just about luck but about effort.
○ A teenager who loves football might start practicing every day after seeing their favorite
player work so hard.
2. Teach Good Values
○ Some celebrities use their fame to spread positive messages. For example, they might
talk about being kind, helping others, or believing in yourself. When young people see
their role models doing good things, they may want to do the same.
○ For instance, if a singer donates to a hospital or volunteers, it could inspire their fans to
help their own communities.
3. Encourage Talent and Creativity
○ Many young people look up to famous singers, dancers, or artists and try to follow their
path. Seeing someone succeed in their passion can motivate them to try new hobbies or
improve their skills.
○ For example, a teenager might start drawing or playing guitar because they admire an
artist they follow. This helps them discover their own talents.
4. Raise Awareness About Important Issues
○ Celebrities often use their platform to talk about problems that matter to the world, like
protecting the environment or helping people who are poor. This can teach young
people to care about these issues too.
○ For example, a famous actor who talks about saving water or planting trees might inspire
their young fans to do the same.
Negative Development:

1. Unrealistic Expectations
○ Many celebrities show only the best parts of their lives on social media—expensive cars,
big houses, and fancy vacations. Young people might believe they need to live the same
way to be happy, which can lead to disappointment.
○ For example, a teenager might feel sad because they can’t buy the same clothes as their
favorite influencer.
2. Bad Examples
○ Some famous people act in ways that are not good for young people to copy. For
example, they might drink too much alcohol, use drugs, or get into fights.
○ If young fans see these actions, they might think it’s okay to behave this way too. For
instance, a teenager might start smoking because their favorite actor does it in movies.
3. Focus on Looks and Money
○ Many celebrities focus a lot on their appearance or their wealth, making young people
believe these are the most important things in life.
○ For example, some influencers only post pictures of expensive clothes or perfect bodies,
which might make young people feel that they are not good enough if they don’t have
the same.
4. Stress and Low Confidence
○ Seeing the perfect lives of famous people can make young people feel like they are
failing or not good enough. They might compare their own normal lives to the unrealistic
world of celebrities.
○ For instance, a teenager might feel insecure because their body doesn’t look like the
photos of a model on Instagram.

5. It is the responsibility of schools to teach children good behavior in addition to providing formal
education. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Agree

1. Schools influence children’s social development

Schools play an essential role in shaping children’s behavior and social skills. In addition to
academic learning, children must learn how to interact with others respectfully.
Example: Teachers can use group activities to teach children the importance of teamwork and
cooperation, helping them develop social skills.

2. Good behavior is essential for future success

Teaching children good behavior in school is crucial for their future. It prepares them to be
responsible citizens who respect others, which is important in both professional and personal
life.
Example: A child who learns to be respectful and disciplined in school is more likely to succeed
in their career and build strong relationships later in life.
 3. Schools are in a unique position to teach values
Schools have the opportunity to teach not only academic subjects but also values like honesty,
empathy, and respect. These values are important for creating a positive society.
Example: A school could hold discussions on ethical behavior and respect for others, helping
children develop important moral values.

6. Some people believe that it is better for language students to study in small classes. Others think
the number of people in the class doesn’t matter. Discuss both these views and give your opinion.

View 1: Small classes are better for language students

1. Individual attention is more effective

In small classes, students can receive more personalized attention from their teacher. This allows
for better guidance and support when learning a new language, especially when dealing with
challenges.
Example: A teacher can notice when a student struggles with pronunciation and can offer
tailored advice to help them improve.

2. Fewer distractions allow better focus

With fewer students, there is less noise and distraction. This creates a more focused
environment where students can concentrate better on language lessons, leading to improved
learning outcomes.
Example: In a small class, students may feel more comfortable asking questions without the fear
of disrupting others, leading to more interaction.

3. Opportunities for more speaking practice

Smaller classes give students more chances to practice speaking and participating. This is
especially helpful for language learners who need to practice speaking in real-life situations.
Example: In a small class, a student might get the chance to speak with the teacher or
classmates more frequently, improving their confidence in speaking the language.

View 2: The number of people in a class doesn’t matter

1. Larger classes can encourage more peer learning

In larger classes, students can learn from each other. They might get different perspectives from
their classmates, which can enhance understanding and deepen knowledge.
Example: A student might learn new language tips from a peer who has a different learning style
or approach.

2. Cost-effective and widely accessible

Large classes are often more affordable and accessible for many people, as they allow schools to
provide language lessons to more students at a lower cost. This can make learning more
inclusive.
Example: A language program with a large class may offer lower fees, enabling more students to
afford the classes and benefit from language learning.
 3. Effective use of resources
In large classes, schools can allocate resources efficiently. Teachers can use technology, group
work, and other strategies that work well in a bigger classroom setting to teach effectively.
Example: Teachers can use digital tools or group activities that allow students to learn through
collaboration in a larger class environment.

7. Some people think secondary school students should study international news as one of their
subjects, while others believe that this is a waste of valuable school time. Discuss both these views
and give your opinion.

View 1: Secondary school students should study international news

1. Helps students become global citizens

Learning about international news can help students understand global issues and develop a
sense of global responsibility. It prepares them to be informed and active members of the world
community.
Example: A student who learns about environmental issues affecting other countries may
become more aware of the need for global cooperation on climate change.

2. Increases awareness of world events

Studying international news allows students to stay informed about what is happening beyond
their own country. This can help them make informed decisions and engage in discussions about
world affairs.
Example: A student who follows global politics might better understand why certain countries
are in conflict, leading to a more well-rounded perspective on international relations.

3. Encourages critical thinking

International news can encourage students to analyze information critically. It teaches them to
question different viewpoints, understand biases, and make their own judgments about what is
happening in the world.
Example: A student might read about the economy of a foreign country and discuss with
classmates the reasons behind economic growth or decline, encouraging critical thought.

View 2: International news is a waste of valuable school time

1. Focus should be on academic subjects

Some argue that secondary school students should focus on core subjects like mathematics,
science, and language arts. These are the essential skills that prepare students for future careers,
making news less important.
Example: Students might need more time to develop their math skills for future professions in
engineering or finance, making current affairs less relevant.

2. Students may lack the maturity to understand global issues

Secondary school students may not yet have the maturity or background knowledge to fully
understand complex international news stories. Teaching them may lead to confusion or
 misunderstanding of important topics.
Example: A student may misinterpret a news report about foreign policy without the necessary
historical context, leading to oversimplified views of global issues.

3. Time for extracurricular activities

By focusing on academic subjects, students have more time for extracurricular activities that
help them develop social and personal skills. These are also valuable for their overall growth and
future success.
Example: If students spend less time on current affairs, they might have more opportunities to
join clubs, sports, or volunteer work, enriching their learning experience.

8. Some people think it is better to have one single legal system throughout the world. Others say
countries should have their own laws. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

View 1: A single legal system for the world is better

1. Ensures global fairness and equality

A single legal system would create fairness across the globe. It would ensure that everyone is
treated equally, no matter where they live. This could reduce conflicts and help people access
justice equally.
Example: If a person commits a crime in one country, they could be judged according to the
same laws as in any other country, making the legal process more consistent.

2. Reduces conflicts between countries

With a single legal system, countries would be less likely to have legal disputes with each other. A
common set of rules would simplify the way nations interact, reducing misunderstandings or
disagreements.
Example: In cases of international crime, having a unified legal system would make it easier to
prosecute individuals who break laws, leading to less tension between countries.

3. Easier for international cooperation

A global legal system could enhance international cooperation on important issues like human
rights, environmental protection, and security. Countries could work together under a common
framework to address global challenges.
Example: Nations could collaborate more effectively on issues like climate change, knowing that
they share a common set of legal obligations.

View 2: Countries should have their own laws

1. Respects cultural diversity

Countries have different cultures, values, and traditions, so their laws should reflect these
differences. A legal system that works in one country might not be suitable for another due to
these cultural distinctions.
Example: Laws regarding family life or religious practices may differ greatly between countries,
and it’s important to respect these cultural variations.
 2. Better suited to local needs
Local laws are designed to address the specific needs and problems of a country’s population. A
global legal system may not be able to cater to every unique issue faced by different nations.
Example: A legal system in a country with a large rural population might focus on agricultural
laws, which may not be relevant in a more urbanized country.

3. Supports national sovereignty

Allowing countries to create their own laws helps protect their sovereignty and independence. A
single legal system might limit a country's ability to govern itself according to its values and
priorities.
Example: Countries may wish to maintain control over sensitive matters like immigration, trade,
or environmental policy, which could be restricted by a global legal system.

1. Many employees work just as hard but are paid much less
While directors earn significantly more, many employees also work long hours and contribute a
lot to the company's success. The hard work of regular employees often goes unrecognized, and
the salary gap can feel unfair to those who make vital contributions but are paid much less.
Example: Factory workers and customer service representatives often face long working hours
and physically demanding tasks, but their salaries do not match the importance of their roles in
the company's success.

2. Income inequality can lead to frustration among workers

The large salary gap between directors and ordinary employees can create feelings of inequality
and frustration. If employees see their directors living in luxury while they struggle to pay basic
bills, they may feel undervalued and unmotivated.
Example: If a director is seen driving an expensive car while workers are dealing with low wages
and financial stress, it can create resentment and dissatisfaction among the staff.

3. The success of a company depends on the whole team, not just one person
Companies are successful because of the teamwork and contributions from many employees,
not just the directors. When one person is paid an extremely high salary while others are not
adequately rewarded, it overlooks the importance of every worker's effort.
Example: A company’s success in product development or sales relies heavily on the team
behind the director. If the workers are not rewarded properly, it might lead to low morale,
affecting the overall productivity of the company.

9. The best way to make the road transport of goods safer is to ask drivers to take a driving test
each year. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Agree

1. Regular driving tests ensure that drivers stay updated on road safety rules
Annual driving tests would help ensure that drivers are aware of the latest traffic laws and safety
regulations. It can also reduce accidents caused by ignorance of new road safety measures or
traffic rules.
Example: With new technology in cars and changing road conditions, an annual driving test
would ensure drivers are up to date with current laws and practices.
 2. It could reduce human errors and improve overall driving skills
Over time, drivers may become complacent or develop bad driving habits. By taking a driving
test every year, drivers are reminded of the importance of road safety and proper driving
techniques.
Example: Annual tests could ensure that drivers are not engaging in dangerous behaviors such as
speeding or texting while driving.

3. It may increase public confidence in road safety

If drivers were regularly tested, the public may feel more confident about the safety of goods
being transported. Knowing that drivers are well-trained and regularly assessed would make
people feel safer on the roads.
Example: In industries like logistics, regular driving tests could help customers feel more assured
that their goods will be transported safely and efficiently.

Disagree

1. Annual tests may not be practical for all drivers

Requiring all drivers to take a driving test every year could be time-consuming and costly,
particularly for drivers who already demonstrate good skills and a clean driving record. It may
not be a necessary measure for all.
Example: Experienced drivers with a long history of safe driving might find it unnecessary to take
an annual test, especially if they have no accidents or violations.

2. The real problem might be the state of roads or vehicles, not drivers
Instead of focusing on drivers, improving road infrastructure and vehicle safety might be more
effective in reducing accidents. Poorly maintained roads or outdated vehicles can be a larger
factor in transportation accidents.
Example: In many countries, accidents happen more due to poor road conditions than due to
the drivers’ skills, such as potholes or lack of proper signage.

3. Improved training and better enforcement may be more effective

A more efficient approach could be to improve driver training, increase the penalties for unsafe
driving, and enforce existing laws more strictly, rather than requiring annual tests.
Example: Instead of an annual test, more rigorous penalties for traffic violations might
encourage better driving habits.

10. Large companies use sports events to promote their products. Some people think this has a
negative impact on sports. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Agree

1. Sponsorships can commercialize sports and overshadow the athletes

The increasing influence of companies in sports events may shift the focus from the athletes to
the products being promoted. This can result in athletes becoming overshadowed by corporate
sponsorships and advertisements.
 Example: During major sports events, advertisements for products may be more visible than the
performance of athletes, affecting the enjoyment and integrity of the sport.

2. Sports events become more about profits than competition

When large companies sponsor sports events, the focus can shift from fair competition to
making money. Companies may prioritize their own brand image over the true spirit of
sportsmanship and competition.
Example: The commercial nature of big events like the Super Bowl or the Olympics sometimes
results in excessive advertising and less focus on the actual sports.

3. It may create inequality between sponsored and unsponsored teams

Companies often sponsor popular teams, leading to better facilities, training, and support for
those teams, while less-sponsored teams may struggle. This creates an imbalance, affecting the
fairness of the competition.
Example: Major sports teams with corporate backing can afford advanced training technology,
while smaller, unsponsored teams might lack the same resources.

Disagree

1. Sponsorships help fund and improve sports events

Sponsorships from large companies can provide the financial resources needed to organize
high-quality sports events, improving the overall experience for athletes and fans alike. This can
lead to better venues and more opportunities for athletes.
Example: Sponsorship funds often go toward building state-of-the-art stadiums and providing
athletes with better training and equipment.

2. Sports events can increase public interest and participation

Sponsorship by large companies can boost the visibility of sports, making them more accessible
to the general public and encouraging people to participate in sports.
Example: Global events like the World Cup attract millions of viewers, inspiring young people to
take up the sport.

3. Sponsorships provide financial support for less popular sports

Sponsorships are not always limited to high-profile sports. Companies may also sponsor smaller
or less popular sports, helping them to gain exposure and attract more participants and
spectators.
Example: Smaller sports, such as rugby or tennis, often gain more media attention and
sponsorship due to the investment from large companies.

11. Some people say that what children watch on TV influences their behavior, while others say the
amount of time children spend watching TV influences their behavior. Discuss both views and give
your opinion.
View 1: What children watch influences their behavior

1. Children imitate what they see on TV

Children are impressionable, and they tend to mimic what they see on TV. If they watch violent
shows, they may start to behave aggressively. On the other hand, watching educational
programs may lead to positive behavior and learning.
Example: A child who watches a lot of action movies might start to imitate fight scenes, while a
child who watches a science documentary may develop an interest in experiments.

2. TV shows often depict values and attitudes

The content of TV programs can shape children's values. For example, a show that promotes
kindness and honesty may encourage these traits in children. TV can teach them lessons about
good behavior or poor decisions.
Example: Shows like “Sesame Street” teach children about friendship, sharing, and kindness,
which positively influence their behavior.

3. TV can introduce harmful role models

Some TV shows feature characters who are poor role models, displaying negative behavior like
dishonesty or bullying. These characters may influence children to adopt such behaviors in real
life.
Example: Characters in reality shows who engage in rude or disrespectful behavior could make
children think it's acceptable to behave in similar ways.

View 2: The amount of time spent watching TV influences behavior

1. Excessive TV time can reduce physical activity

When children watch too much TV, they spend less time engaging in physical activities. This can
lead to unhealthy habits such as obesity or poor motor skills development.
Example: A child who spends hours watching TV each day is less likely to participate in sports or
outdoor games, which can affect their health.

2. Long TV sessions can reduce social interactions

Spending excessive time watching TV may limit children's opportunities to interact with family
members or peers. These social skills are important for developing relationships and emotional
intelligence.
Example: A child who spends most of their day watching TV might miss out on family dinners or
playdates, which can impact their communication skills and ability to form connections.

3. Too much TV may lead to poor academic performance

When children watch TV for long periods, they may become distracted and have less time for
homework or studying. This could negatively affect their academic performance and overall
learning.
Example: A child who watches TV before school might have trouble concentrating in class due to
tiredness or lack of focus.
12. Some people think that hosting an international sports event is good for the country, while others
think it is bad. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

View 1: Hosting an international sports event is good for the country

1. It boosts the country's economy

Hosting international events brings in tourists, creating jobs and increasing revenue from
tourism, hospitality, and merchandise sales. This can have a positive impact on the local
economy.
Example: The 2012 London Olympics attracted millions of tourists, which boosted the city's
economy and increased job opportunities.

2. It improves infrastructure
Countries hosting international sports events often invest in improving their infrastructure, such
as building better roads, stadiums, and public transport. These improvements can benefit
residents for years after the event.
Example: The 2008 Beijing Olympics led to the construction of new sports facilities, airports, and
transportation networks, which continue to serve the city today.

3. It promotes national pride and unity

Hosting a global event brings the country together as people unite to support their athletes and
celebrate their culture. It enhances the country's global image and encourages national pride.
Example: The 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States helped promote soccer in the country
and sparked a sense of pride among citizens.

View 2: Hosting an international sports event is bad for the country

1. It can be very expensive

Hosting an international event requires a massive financial investment, and not all of that money
is recouped through tourism or ticket sales. This can put a strain on the country's budget,
especially if it leads to debt.
Example: The 2004 Athens Olympics ended up costing Greece billions of dollars, leaving the
country in financial difficulty.

2. It can cause temporary displacement of local communities

Construction for event venues often leads to the displacement of local communities or
businesses. This can cause disruption and resentment among the people who are affected.
Example: In Brazil, some local communities were relocated to make way for the 2016 Rio
Olympics, which led to protests and dissatisfaction.

3. It may not have long-term benefits

After the event, the infrastructure built for the games may be underused or fall into disrepair.
The initial excitement may fade, leaving the country with little lasting benefit from the
investment.
Example: The 2008 Beijing Olympics left behind a number of underused stadiums and facilities
that have not provided a significant return on investment.
13. Research shows that increasing numbers of people are now living in mega-cities: cities of more
than 20 million inhabitants. Is this a positive or negative development?

Positive

1. Economic growth and job opportunities

Mega-cities often offer numerous job opportunities due to their size and diverse industries. They
attract businesses, creating a vibrant economy and more employment options for residents.
Example: Cities like New York and Tokyo are global financial hubs that offer high-paying jobs,
attracting skilled workers from around the world.

2. Better access to healthcare and education

Large cities typically provide better healthcare and education services, with specialized hospitals,
universities, and research centers. This can improve the quality of life for residents.
Example: In mega-cities like London or Berlin, people have access to world-class medical care
and a wide range of educational institutions.

3. Cultural diversity and opportunities for social interaction

Mega-cities are often melting pots of culture, bringing together people from different
backgrounds. This creates a rich social environment and opportunities for learning about
different cultures.
Example: Cities like Los Angeles or Paris are home to a variety of cultural events, festivals, and
restaurants from all over the world, creating a dynamic social atmosphere.

Negative

1. Overcrowding and strain on resources

With large populations, mega-cities can become overcrowded, leading to pressure on housing,
healthcare, and public services. This can make living conditions difficult for residents.
Example: In cities like Mumbai or Jakarta, overcrowding has led to shortages of affordable
housing and increased traffic congestion.

2. Environmental degradation
Mega-cities often face environmental problems such as pollution, waste management issues,
and the depletion of natural resources. These problems can have long-term negative effects on
both the environment and residents' health.
Example: In cities like Beijing, air pollution is a major issue that affects the quality of life and the
health of citizens.

3. Social inequality
In mega-cities, the wealth gap between the rich and the poor tends to widen. While some
people enjoy luxurious lifestyles, many others live in poverty or face poor living conditions.
Example: In cities like São Paulo or Mexico City, wealthy neighborhoods are often juxtaposed
with sprawling slums, highlighting the stark inequality within these cities.
14. Some people think paying taxes is a big enough contribution to their society, while others think
people have more responsibilities as members of society than only paying taxes. Discuss both views
and give your opinion.

View 1: Paying taxes is a big enough contribution

1. Taxes provide essential government services

By paying taxes, individuals contribute to the funding of vital services such as healthcare,
education, and public safety. This is a direct way to support society's needs and well-being.
Example: Taxes help maintain public schools, healthcare systems, and the police, which benefit
everyone in society.

2. It ensures fairness in resource distribution

Taxes are collected based on income, which helps to redistribute resources more fairly. Those
who earn more contribute more, which can help support those who are less fortunate.
Example: The progressive tax system ensures that wealthier individuals pay more, which can be
used to fund social welfare programs.

3. Tax payments are mandatory, and individuals cannot opt out

Since taxes are compulsory, people have a legal obligation to contribute to society through taxes,
which should be considered sufficient.
Example: Unlike voluntary charitable donations, paying taxes is a legal requirement, making it a
primary way for citizens to contribute to society.

View 2: People have more responsibilities than just paying taxes

1. Active participation in society is important

In addition to paying taxes, people should actively engage in their communities. Volunteering,
participating in local organizations, and contributing to social causes are essential to building a
strong society.
Example: People who volunteer at shelters, donate time to charity, or organize community
events help to create a sense of solidarity and care within society.

2. People should be responsible for protecting the environment

Citizens should also take responsibility for their actions that impact the environment, such as
reducing waste, conserving energy, and supporting sustainable practices.
Example: Individuals can reduce their carbon footprint by using public transportation or
recycling, contributing to environmental protection beyond taxes.

3. Promoting social harmony and equality

Society is more than just economic transactions. People should help ensure fairness, fight
discrimination, and promote social inclusion, contributing to a more cohesive community.
Example: Supporting anti-discrimination campaigns or helping marginalized groups can lead to a
more inclusive and equal society.
15. Some people think that children should be given structured lessons to prepare them for adult life,
while others think that children should learn through play. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

View 1: Children should have structured lessons

1. Structured lessons help children develop essential skills

Formal education provides children with the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in adult
life, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication.
Example: Subjects like math and science teach logical reasoning, while languages help children
express themselves effectively in the future.

2. Early preparation is key for future success

Structured lessons can help children build a strong foundation for future academic and career
achievements. This early preparation can give them an advantage later in life.
Example: Learning basic skills such as reading, writing, and arithmetic in early education
prepares children for more complex tasks as they grow older.

3. Discipline and routine are beneficial

Structured lessons provide a sense of discipline and routine that children can carry into
adulthood. This can help them manage time, follow rules, and take responsibility for their
actions.
Example: Having a set schedule for school and homework teaches children the importance of
time management and personal responsibility.

View 2: Children should learn through play

1. Play encourages creativity and imagination

Through play, children can explore their imagination and come up with creative ideas, which is
essential for problem-solving and innovation later in life.
Example: Playing with building blocks or pretend games allows children to think creatively and
develop new ways to approach challenges.

2. Play helps develop social skills

Play allows children to interact with their peers, which helps them develop important social skills
such as cooperation, sharing, and conflict resolution.
Example: Group activities or team sports help children understand how to work together and
navigate social situations in the future.

3. Learning through play is more engaging and enjoyable

When children are allowed to learn through play, they are more likely to remain interested and
motivated. This fosters a love of learning that can last a lifetime.
Example: Educational toys and games make learning enjoyable, which can help children retain
knowledge better than through traditional lessons.
16. In many countries, people are living longer. This has positive and negative effects on society.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Positive Effects

1. Increased experience and knowledge

As people live longer, they bring a wealth of experience and knowledge to society. Older
individuals can contribute to their communities by mentoring younger generations.
Example: Older people can offer valuable life lessons and practical advice, helping younger
individuals make better decisions in both personal and professional life.

2. More active and healthier elderly population

With advancements in healthcare, older individuals are often healthier and more active. This can
lead to a greater sense of independence and contribution to society.
Example: Many elderly people continue to volunteer, work, or engage in hobbies, maintaining an
active role in the community and supporting the economy.

3. Support for the economy through extended workforce participation

As people live longer, they may continue working, which can help support the economy by
maintaining a skilled workforce and reducing pension burdens.
Example: In countries like Japan, older workers continue to contribute to industries such as
technology and healthcare, enhancing the economy.

Negative Effects

1. Increased pressure on healthcare and social services

A growing elderly population can put strain on healthcare systems and social services, leading to
increased demand for healthcare professionals and services.
Example: The elderly often require more medical care, which can result in higher costs for
hospitals and caregivers, as well as longer waiting times for treatment.

2. Higher financial burden on younger generations

As people live longer, they may rely on pensions or savings for longer periods, which can place
financial stress on younger generations who are funding these systems.
Example: Younger workers may face higher taxes to support pensions and healthcare programs
for the elderly, which can affect their own financial stability.

3. Potential for social isolation

Older individuals may experience loneliness and social isolation, particularly if they no longer
work or if their families are far away. This can lead to mental health issues.
Example: Elderly people in nursing homes or living alone may feel disconnected from society,
leading to feelings of loneliness and depression.

17. Some people believe that the government should provide financial support to artists, while others
believe that artists should be self-supporting. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
View 1: Government should provide financial support to artists

1. Art contributes to cultural and social development

Art plays a crucial role in shaping culture and reflecting societal values. Financial support from
the government ensures that artists can continue to contribute to these important areas.
Example: Publicly funded art programs allow artists to showcase their work in galleries or
theaters, enriching cultural heritage and promoting community engagement.

2. Many artists struggle to earn a living

Art is often undervalued, and many artists face financial insecurity due to the unpredictable
nature of their work. Government funding can help artists continue their creative endeavors.
Example: Government grants for artists can help support exhibitions, music projects, and theater
performances that might otherwise lack funding.

3. Artists benefit society as a whole

By supporting artists, the government helps promote creativity and innovation, which can have
wider economic and social benefits. This support can lead to a more vibrant and dynamic
society.
Example: Street art or public sculptures can attract tourists and boost local businesses,
contributing to economic development through the arts.

View 2: Artists should be self-supporting

1. Artists should rely on their market value

Art is a commercial product, and artists should be able to sell their work or services to support
themselves. If their art is valuable, they should be able to generate income from it.
Example: An artist who creates paintings or music should be able to earn money through sales
or performances, without relying on taxpayer funding.

2. Government funds could be better spent elsewhere

Public money is limited, and it may be more effective to allocate funds to essential services like
healthcare, education, or infrastructure rather than supporting artists.
Example: While funding for the arts is important, a large portion of the budget might be better
spent on improving public healthcare or addressing poverty.

3. Self-sufficiency promotes independence and innovation

Artists who support themselves through their work are often more motivated and driven to
create innovative and original pieces. This independence can lead to better artistic outcomes.
Example: Independent artists who rely on their own creativity and resourcefulness may develop
more unique and diverse artistic expressions than those supported by government funding.

18. Some people think that children should be taught how to be good citizens at school, while others
believe this is the responsibility of parents. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

View 1: Schools should teach children to be good citizens

 1. Schools provide a structured environment for learning
Schools are a formal setting where children are already learning important academic and social
skills. Teaching good citizenship can be integrated into the curriculum.
Example: Subjects like social studies or ethics classes can introduce concepts of responsibility,
kindness, and respect, helping children understand their roles in society.

2. Teachers can model positive behavior

Teachers are in a position to guide children, not just academically but also socially. They can
model good citizenship by showing respect, fairness, and responsibility in their actions.
Example: Teachers who volunteer in the community or demonstrate kindness in the classroom
set a good example for students to follow.

3. Schools reach a wide range of children

Schools have access to all children, regardless of their background. This ensures that all children,
not just those from supportive homes, learn important values about being responsible citizens.
Example: In diverse classrooms, students can learn about different cultures, tolerance, and
respect for others, fostering social harmony.

View 2: Parents should teach children to be good citizens

1. Parents are role models and have the most influence

Parents are the primary influence on their children, especially in their early years. They can instill
values of honesty, kindness, and responsibility from a young age.
Example: Children who grow up in a home where parents value respect and cooperation are
more likely to display these qualities in society.

2. Parents can teach citizenship in a more personalized way

Parents know their children's personalities and can tailor lessons about good citizenship to their
individual needs. They can provide real-life examples and help children apply these lessons.
Example: A parent might teach a child about helping others by volunteering together at a local
charity or encouraging the child to respect others' property.

3. Citizenship values should be taught in the home environment

While schools play a role in academics, the home is where children develop their moral compass.
Parents can create a nurturing environment that encourages good citizenship.
Example: Parents who encourage family discussions about fairness and justice teach children to
think critically about their role in society.

19. Some people believe that environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve, while others
think individuals can play an important role. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

View 1: Environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve

1. Global issues require government and corporate intervention

Many environmental problems, such as climate change and deforestation, require large-scale
solutions that go beyond individual actions. Governments and corporations must make policy
changes and invest in sustainable practices.
 Example: International agreements like the Paris Climate Accord aim to reduce carbon emissions
on a global scale, which is beyond the reach of individual actions.

2. Environmental damage is caused by large industries

A significant portion of environmental damage is caused by large industries, such as oil
extraction, mining, and agriculture. These industries have a much greater impact on the
environment than individual actions.
Example: Large factories emitting toxic gases or polluting water bodies contribute to
environmental degradation, and individuals cannot address these issues alone.

3. Individuals can only make small-scale changes

While individuals can reduce their personal carbon footprints, their actions might have little
effect on the larger environmental problems. Real change requires collective action at the
national or international level.
Example: An individual reducing their waste might be beneficial, but it doesn't compare to the
impact of reducing emissions from factories or changing government policies.

View 2: Individuals can play an important role in solving environmental problems

1. Individual actions can inspire others to act

When individuals make environmentally conscious decisions, they can inspire others to follow
their lead, creating a ripple effect that can contribute to broader environmental changes.
Example: If a community sees people recycling and reducing waste, it may encourage others to
do the same, gradually making a larger impact on the environment.

2. Every small action counts towards a larger solution

Individuals can make a meaningful difference by taking actions such as reducing waste,
conserving water, or using public transport. These small efforts add up over time and contribute
to improving the environment.
Example: If millions of people choose to drive less, it can significantly reduce carbon emissions
and air pollution in cities.

3. Personal responsibility promotes a more sustainable future

By adopting sustainable practices, individuals demonstrate personal responsibility, which can
lead to a collective shift in society towards more environmentally friendly lifestyles.
Example: People who choose to support eco-friendly companies and products send a strong
message to businesses that sustainability is important to consumers.

20. In many countries, the proportion of older people is increasing. This is putting pressure on social
services. Some people think that older people should be responsible for their own retirement, while
others believe that the government should help them. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

View 1: Older people should be responsible for their own retirement

 1. Self-reliance promotes financial independence
Older people should plan for their own retirement to ensure they are financially independent
when they stop working. This reduces reliance on government resources and promotes personal
responsibility.
Example: Many individuals invest in pension plans or savings accounts throughout their careers
to secure their financial future without relying on government aid.

2. Government resources should be used for those in need

Governments have limited resources, and it is more efficient to allocate support to those who
cannot afford to save for retirement. People who can afford to plan for their own future should
do so.
Example: A healthy individual with a steady income should invest in their retirement rather than
relying on taxpayer-funded support.

3. Personal financial management is important

Being responsible for one's retirement teaches important financial management skills. People
can choose the best savings plans, investments, and lifestyle choices to ensure financial stability
in their later years.
Example: Retirement planning allows individuals to maintain their standard of living when they
no longer work, providing peace of mind.

View 2: The government should help older people with their retirement

1. The elderly may not be able to save enough

Some older individuals may not have had the opportunity to save for retirement due to
economic hardship or lack of financial literacy. In these cases, government support is essential.
Example: Low-income workers or individuals in industries without retirement plans may struggle
to save enough for their later years and need government assistance.

2. Older people have contributed to society

Older individuals have worked for many years and contributed to the economy and society. It is
the government’s responsibility to ensure that they have a dignified and comfortable retirement.
Example: Pension plans or healthcare programs funded by the government can help elderly
citizens live without the fear of poverty or lack of medical care.

3. Growing elderly population requires government action

As the elderly population increases, governments need to plan for the future and ensure there
are sufficient resources to support them. Without such support, many elderly individuals could
face poverty.
Example: Social security systems or government-funded healthcare programs help ensure that
older people have access to the resources they need in retirement.

21. Some people think that the government should provide free healthcare, while others think
individuals should pay for their own healthcare. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
View 1: The government should provide free healthcare

1. Healthcare is a basic human right

Access to healthcare is essential for everyone, regardless of their income level. Governments
should ensure that all citizens have access to medical care without worrying about costs.
Example: In countries with free healthcare systems, such as the UK, citizens can receive
necessary treatments without being burdened by high medical bills.

2. Free healthcare ensures equal access for all

When healthcare is free, it ensures that everyone, no matter their socioeconomic background,
can receive medical attention. This reduces health disparities within society.
Example: People from low-income families can get treatment for serious illnesses or preventive
care without having to choose between healthcare and basic needs.

3. Prevention and early treatment save money in the long run

Free healthcare can encourage people to seek early treatment for health problems, which can
prevent more serious and expensive conditions from developing.
Example: Routine check-ups and vaccinations can prevent diseases from spreading, saving
healthcare costs in the long term.

View 2: Individuals should pay for their own healthcare

1. People should take personal responsibility for their health

Individuals should be responsible for their own health and make conscious decisions about
maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Paying for healthcare encourages people to take care of
themselves.
Example: If people had to pay for medical services, they might be more inclined to make
healthier choices, such as exercising or eating a balanced diet.

2. Free healthcare can lead to higher taxes

In countries that offer free healthcare, the government often raises taxes to fund these services.
This burden falls on everyone, including those who are healthy and do not need medical
services.
Example: In countries with high taxes for healthcare, people without health issues may feel that
they are paying more than necessary for services they don't use.

3. Healthcare costs are becoming unsustainable

As the global population grows and ages, the cost of providing healthcare for everyone becomes
increasingly difficult to manage. It may be more sustainable for individuals to pay for their own
care.
Example: The rising costs of healthcare and medical advancements mean that governments may
not have the resources to fund healthcare for everyone in the long term.

22. Many people believe that learning a second language is essential for success in the modern world,
while others think it is unnecessary. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
View 1: Learning a second language is essential for success

1. Globalization requires communication across cultures

As the world becomes more interconnected, knowing a second language can help individuals
communicate and build relationships with people from different cultures.
Example: Learning English or Mandarin allows people to work in international business, travel,
or engage with a wider range of media and ideas.

2. Language skills open up more job opportunities

Many employers value candidates who speak multiple languages. Being bilingual can give job
seekers an edge in competitive fields such as international trade, tourism, and diplomacy.
Example: A person who speaks both Spanish and English might be hired as a translator or
international marketing specialist, expanding their career options.

3. Learning a language enhances cognitive abilities

Studies show that learning a second language can improve cognitive skills, such as memory,
problem-solving, and multitasking. This can have long-term benefits for intellectual
development.
Example: Bilingual people tend to have better brain function and can switch between tasks more
efficiently than monolingual individuals.

View 2: Learning a second language is unnecessary

1. Technology makes communication easier

With advances in technology, translation apps and tools allow people to communicate across
language barriers without needing to learn a second language.
Example: Apps like Google Translate enable users to understand foreign languages instantly,
reducing the need for language skills in some situations.

2. English is a global language

English is widely spoken and often used as a common language in business and international
communication. For many people, learning English may be sufficient to engage globally.
Example: Many multinational companies conduct business in English, so employees in
non-English-speaking countries can often function without knowing another language.

3. Learning a language can be time-consuming and challenging

For some individuals, learning a second language is difficult and may not be a priority. This time
could be better spent developing other skills or pursuing personal interests.
Example: People may prefer to focus on professional skills or hobbies that offer more immediate
benefits rather than dedicating years to language learning.

23. In some countries, there is an increasing trend of people choosing to live alone. What are the
reasons for this, and do you think it is a positive or negative development?

Reasons for Living Alone

 1. Increased independence and freedom
Many people choose to live alone because it allows them to enjoy greater independence. Living
alone provides the freedom to make personal decisions without the influence or interference of
others.
Example: Individuals who live alone can decorate their home as they like, eat meals at their own
schedule, and have complete control over their lifestyle.

2. Changes in social norms

In some cultures, there is less pressure to live with family members or in shared housing.
Societal norms have shifted, and many people now see living alone as a natural choice for
personal growth.
Example: Young professionals or students may choose to live alone as a way to gain life
experience and build their careers or education.

3. Urbanization and smaller family units

As cities grow and more people move to urban areas for work, living alone becomes more
feasible. Smaller family sizes also contribute to the trend of individuals living on their own.
Example: In big cities, it is common for people to live alone due to the availability of
single-person apartments and a fast-paced lifestyle.

Positive Development

1. Encourages personal growth and self-sufficiency

Living alone can help individuals develop important life skills, such as managing finances,
cooking, and problem-solving. These skills build confidence and independence.
Example: A person living alone learns how to budget their expenses, cook for themselves, and
handle challenges without relying on others.

2. Freedom and flexibility in life choices

Living alone provides the flexibility to make choices that suit personal preferences without
compromising for others. This can lead to a more fulfilling and tailored lifestyle.
Example: People who live alone can focus on their hobbies or travel more frequently without
needing to coordinate with a housemate or family member.

3. Promotes mental clarity and peace

Some individuals find living alone to be peaceful and calming, as it allows them time for
introspection and self-care. This can improve mental health and reduce stress.
Example: Living alone can provide a quiet space for people to relax after work or reflect on their
thoughts, which can help in personal development.

Negative Development

1. Potential for loneliness and isolation

Living alone can sometimes lead to feelings of loneliness, particularly if the person does not have
a strong social network or family support nearby.
 Example: Elderly people or young professionals living alone might struggle with loneliness,
which can lead to depression or anxiety.

2. Less social interaction

People living alone may have fewer opportunities for socializing, as they don’t interact with
family members or roommates regularly. This can affect their social skills and relationships.
Example: A person living alone might have fewer chances to develop close relationships, leading
to feelings of isolation and a lack of emotional support.

3. Increased financial burden

Living alone can be expensive because individuals bear the full cost of rent, utilities, and other
living expenses. This may lead to financial strain, especially for young people or those on lower
incomes.
Example: A person living alone might struggle with high rent payments in a city, forcing them to
cut back on other essentials or take on additional work.

24. Some people think that children should have some freedom to make decisions for themselves,
while others believe that parents should make the decisions for them. Discuss both views and give
your opinion.

View 1: Children should have some freedom to make decisions

1. Encourages independence and responsibility

Allowing children to make decisions helps them develop a sense of independence. It teaches
them to take responsibility for their actions and learn from their mistakes.
Example: When children choose their extracurricular activities, they learn about their interests
and how to manage their time.

2. Promotes critical thinking and decision-making skills

Making their own decisions helps children develop problem-solving abilities and learn how to
evaluate consequences. This is important for their personal growth.
Example: When a child decides how to spend their allowance, they practice budgeting and
thinking about the consequences of their spending choices.

3. Builds self-confidence and self-esteem

Giving children the freedom to make decisions can boost their self-esteem and confidence. It
shows them that their opinions and choices matter.
Example: Children who choose their own clothes or plan their day may feel empowered,
knowing their decisions are respected.

View 2: Parents should make the decisions for children

1. Children may not have enough knowledge to make informed decisions

Children often lack the experience or maturity to make good decisions, especially when it comes
to complex issues. Parents can guide them and protect them from poor choices.
 Example: Parents deciding which foods children should eat can help ensure they maintain a
healthy diet and avoid making unhealthy choices.

2. Parents are responsible for their children's welfare

Parents have the responsibility to ensure their children’s safety and well-being. Making decisions
for their children ensures that they are raised in a supportive and nurturing environment.
Example: Parents making decisions about school choices or extracurricular activities ensure that
their children are on the right path to success.

3. Prevents unnecessary mistakes and risks

When parents make decisions for their children, it can prevent them from taking unnecessary
risks or making harmful choices. Parents have more experience and can offer valuable guidance.
Example: Parents deciding when their child is ready to use the internet can protect them from
online dangers, such as cyberbullying or inappropriate content.

25. Some people think that the government should regulate food production, while others believe that
food producers should be free to produce whatever they want. Discuss both views and give your
opinion.

View 1: The government should regulate food production

1. Ensures food safety and quality

Government regulations are necessary to ensure food is safe for consumption and meets health
standards. Without regulation, food products might contain harmful ingredients or be
contaminated.
Example: Regulations on food labeling and hygiene standards help protect consumers from
foodborne illnesses and ensure food quality.

2. Protects consumers from deceptive practices

Without government oversight, food producers might engage in misleading marketing or use
unhealthy additives that can negatively affect consumers’ health.
Example: Government regulations can prevent misleading claims like "low fat" on products that
still contain high sugar content, ensuring that consumers make informed choices.

3. Encourages ethical production methods

Regulations can ensure that food is produced in a way that is ethical and sustainable, such as
promoting humane treatment of animals and reducing environmental impact.
Example: Governments can enforce laws that prevent factory farming and encourage the use of
sustainable farming methods, reducing harm to animals and the environment.

View 2: Food producers should be free to produce whatever they want

1. Encourages innovation and competition

Allowing food producers to act freely encourages creativity and innovation. Producers can
experiment with new flavors and products, improving the variety and availability of food.
Example: The rise of organic and plant-based foods is a result of food producers experimenting
and catering to changing consumer demands.
 2. Increases food availability and choice
If producers are free to operate without restrictions, they can meet diverse consumer needs,
offering a wider variety of food products at different price points.
Example: In markets where producers can freely introduce new products, consumers can access
a wider range of food options, catering to different tastes and preferences.

3. Reduces government interference

Some believe that the government should not interfere in business practices, as it can increase
costs for producers. Free-market practices allow producers to thrive without unnecessary
control.
Example: Lower regulation might allow small businesses to grow and offer affordable products
without the burden of excessive rules and fees.

26. Some people believe that universities should provide students with specialized knowledge for their
future careers, while others believe that universities should provide a broad education. Discuss both
views and give your opinion.

View 1: Universities should provide specialized knowledge

1. Preparation for specific careers

Specializing in a specific field prepares students for careers that require focused expertise. This
approach helps students develop the skills and knowledge necessary to excel in their chosen
profession.
Example: A medical student needs in-depth knowledge of biology and health sciences to
become a successful doctor, making specialized education crucial for their career.

2. Better job prospects

Students with specialized education are often more competitive in the job market, as they
possess the targeted skills and qualifications employers are seeking.
Example: A computer science graduate with specialized knowledge of programming languages is
more likely to land a job in the tech industry than someone with a broad, general education.

3. Efficiency in learning
Focusing on one area allows students to dive deeper into the subject matter without being
distracted by unrelated courses, leading to quicker mastery of their chosen field.
Example: Engineering students benefit from a curriculum focused on specific areas like electrical
or mechanical engineering, rather than spreading their time across unrelated subjects.

View 2: Universities should provide a broad education

1. Development of well-rounded individuals

A broad education helps students develop a range of skills, such as critical thinking,
communication, and problem-solving, which are valuable in any career.
Example: A graduate with a broad education is more adaptable and can easily transition
between different jobs or industries throughout their career.
 2. Encourages exploration and self-discovery
A broad curriculum allows students to explore a variety of subjects, which may help them
discover interests or career paths they hadn’t considered before.
Example: A student studying a variety of subjects might find that they are more interested in
business or arts than in their original area of study, leading them to switch majors.

3. Adaptability in a changing job market

In today’s rapidly changing job market, having a diverse skill set is essential. A broad education
provides flexibility, allowing students to adapt to various roles and industries.
Example: A student with a background in both computer science and economics can work in
tech, finance, or consulting, offering greater career opportunities.

27. Some people believe that technology has made our lives easier, while others believe that it has
made our lives more complicated. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

View 1: Technology has made our lives easier

1. Improved communication
Technology has revolutionized the way we communicate, making it easier to connect with
people around the world instantly.
Example: Video calls, messaging apps, and social media allow individuals to maintain
relationships and collaborate across distances, improving personal and professional connections.

2. Increased efficiency and convenience

Technology has simplified many tasks, saving time and energy. Many processes can be
automated or completed with the click of a button.
Example: Online banking, shopping, and food delivery services provide convenience, enabling
people to perform everyday activities more quickly.

3. Access to information and education

The internet has made knowledge and learning more accessible, allowing individuals to study
and gain new skills from anywhere in the world.
Example: Online courses and educational resources make it possible for people to learn at their
own pace, providing opportunities for self-improvement and professional development.

View 2: Technology has made our lives more complicated

1. Increased dependence on devices

Technology has made people more reliant on devices, which can lead to difficulties when these
devices fail or are unavailable.
Example: People often feel lost or stressed when their phones or computers stop working, as
they are so dependent on them for communication, navigation, and entertainment.

2. Information overload
With the constant flow of information online, people may feel overwhelmed by the amount of
 data they must process, leading to stress and confusion.
Example: Constant notifications from emails, social media, and news updates can cause
individuals to feel distracted and unable to focus on important tasks.

3. Loss of privacy
Technology has led to concerns about privacy, as personal information is often shared online,
and security breaches have become more common.
Example: Many people worry about the security of their personal data when using online
services, which can lead to stress and reluctance to adopt new technologies.

28. Some people think that public libraries are no longer necessary because of the internet, while
others believe that libraries still play an important role in the community. Discuss both views and
give your opinion.

View 1: Public libraries are no longer necessary

1. Access to information online

The internet offers vast amounts of information, making it easy to find answers to almost any
question without needing to visit a library.
Example: Online databases, digital books, and academic resources are available 24/7, reducing
the need for physical library visits.

2. Convenience of digital formats

Digital books and e-readers allow people to access entire libraries of content on their devices,
making physical libraries less necessary.
Example: E-books and audiobooks can be downloaded on-demand, allowing individuals to read
or listen to books from anywhere without visiting a library.

3. Cost-saving for governments

With the availability of online resources, governments may feel that public libraries are an
unnecessary expense, especially in times of budget cuts.
Example: Governments could redirect funds from library maintenance to other public services,
assuming that the internet provides sufficient access to information.

View 2: Libraries still play an important role

1. Provide a quiet space for study

Libraries offer quiet environments where people can study, read, or work without the
distractions often found at home or in public spaces.
Example: Students and researchers use libraries for focused study sessions and access to
specialized materials not available online.

2. Support for those without internet access

Not everyone has access to the internet or modern technology. Public libraries provide valuable
resources for these individuals, including internet access and printed materials.
 Example: In rural or low-income areas, libraries offer a place where people can use computers
and the internet to apply for jobs or complete homework.

3. Cultural and community hubs

Libraries often host community events, book clubs, and educational programs, making them
important cultural centers that support literacy and lifelong learning.
Example: Libraries organize storytime for children, workshops for adults, and events for seniors,
fostering a sense of community and education.

29. Some people believe that it is better to live in a house, while others think that an apartment is a
better place to live. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

View 1: Living in a house is better

1. More space and privacy

Houses often provide more space, including larger rooms, gardens, and more privacy, making
them more suitable for families or those who value personal space.
Example: A house with a private garden allows for outdoor activities and relaxation, which is
often not possible in an apartment.

2. Freedom to make changes

Homeowners have more freedom to alter their living space, such as remodeling, painting, or
adding new features, compared to renters in apartments.
Example: Homeowners can make changes to their kitchen, garden, or interior design without
needing approval from a landlord.

3. Quiet and peaceful environment

Houses are often located in quieter, suburban areas, providing a peaceful environment away
from the noise and crowds of city life.
Example: People living in houses may enjoy peaceful surroundings, with less traffic and fewer
neighbors, which leads to a more tranquil lifestyle.

View 2: Living in an apartment is better

1. Convenience and amenities

Apartments are often located in urban areas, making them more convenient for work, shopping,
and entertainment. Many apartments also provide amenities such as gyms, pools, and security.
Example: Living in a downtown apartment allows residents to easily access restaurants, shops,
and public transportation.

2. Lower maintenance and costs

Renting an apartment typically means fewer maintenance responsibilities, as issues like
plumbing or repairs are often handled by the landlord. Apartments are also more affordable
than buying a house.
 Example: Renters don’t need to worry about lawn maintenance, roof repairs, or expensive
property taxes, which can make apartments a more economical choice.

3. Safety and security

Apartments are often equipped with security systems such as locked entrances, security guards,
and surveillance cameras, providing a higher level of safety compared to houses.
Example: Many apartment buildings have controlled access and security measures that ensure
the safety of residents.

30. Some people think that children should learn how to play musical instruments, while others think
that they should focus on academic subjects. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

View 1: Children should learn how to play musical instruments

1. Enhances creativity and expression

Learning an instrument fosters creativity, allowing children to express themselves through music
and develop a greater appreciation for art.
Example: Playing the piano or guitar encourages children to think creatively, improving their
ability to problem-solve and innovate.

2. Improves cognitive and social skills

Studies have shown that playing an instrument improves brain function, memory, and
concentration. It also teaches discipline, time management, and teamwork when played in
groups.
Example: Children in music ensembles learn to collaborate, share ideas, and coordinate with
others, fostering social skills and teamwork.

3. Boosts emotional development

Playing music can provide emotional release and a sense of accomplishment. It helps children
build confidence and resilience through practice and performance.
Example: A child performing at a school concert may feel a sense of pride and achievement,
boosting their self-esteem.

View 2: Children should focus on academic subjects

1. Prepares children for future careers

Academic subjects like math, science, and languages are essential for future careers in a wide
range of fields, including business, technology, and healthcare.
Example: A strong foundation in mathematics and science is necessary for students pursuing
careers in engineering, medicine, or research.

2. Provides essential knowledge and skills

Academic subjects equip children with the knowledge and skills needed to navigate the world,
from understanding global issues to managing finances and making informed decisions.
 Example: Learning history and social studies helps children understand the world’s complexities,
while studying languages improves communication abilities.

3. Improves long-term success

Academic performance is often a key factor in gaining access to higher education and career
opportunities. Focusing on academics can open doors for scholarships and prestigious job offers.
Example: Students who excel in academic subjects are more likely to gain entry to competitive
universities and secure high-paying jobs in the future.

31. Some people believe that social media has a negative impact on society, while others think that it
has a positive influence. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

View 1: Social media has a negative impact

1. Spreads misinformation
Social media platforms can quickly spread incorrect information, which can cause confusion,
panic, and even harm. This is especially concerning when it comes to health or safety issues.
Example: During the COVID-19 pandemic, fake news on social media created fear, making it
harder for people to trust reliable health advice.

2. Reduces real-life interaction

People who spend too much time on social media might avoid face-to-face interactions,
weakening their real-life relationships. This can lead to loneliness and isolation.
Example: Instead of meeting friends in person, people often prefer chatting online, which can
make them feel disconnected from others.

3. Promotes unhealthy comparisons

Social media often shows only the best parts of people's lives, which can lead to negative
comparisons. This affects mental health, especially among younger users.
Example: Teenagers may feel they aren’t good enough after seeing pictures of influencers,
leading to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem.

View 2: Social media has a positive impact

1. Connects people globally

Social media allows people to stay connected with family and friends, even if they live far away,
which helps maintain important relationships.
Example: Platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp let people share updates and chat instantly
with loved ones around the world.

2. Raises awareness about social issues

Social media can bring attention to important causes and give people a voice in movements that
can lead to social change.
Example: Campaigns like #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo became globally recognized due to
social media, helping to promote justice and equality.
 3. Provides educational opportunities
Social media is a valuable tool for learning new things and gaining different perspectives. It
allows people to access information and resources on various topics.
Example: Platforms like YouTube offer free tutorials on almost anything, from learning new
languages to understanding complex scientific concepts.

32. Some people think that cities are the best places to live, while others prefer rural areas. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.

View 1: Cities are the best places to live

1. More job opportunities

Cities provide a wide range of job opportunities in many industries, making it easier for people
to find work that matches their skills.
Example: People living in cities can work in fields such as technology, healthcare, or finance,
which are not always available in rural areas.

2. Better access to healthcare and education

Urban areas generally offer better healthcare services and educational institutions, which can
improve quality of life.
Example: Hospitals in cities have better equipment and more specialized doctors, while cities
also tend to have a larger number of schools and universities.

3. Vibrant lifestyle and entertainment

Cities offer a wide variety of entertainment options, including concerts, restaurants, theaters,
and cultural events, making life more exciting.
Example: Residents can attend festivals, visit museums, or try international cuisine, offering
endless choices for enjoyment.

View 2: Rural areas are the best places to live

1. Cleaner environment
Rural areas tend to have less pollution, offering a cleaner environment with fresh air and
beautiful nature. This contributes to better health and a higher quality of life.
Example: In rural areas, the air is often fresher, and the surroundings are peaceful, which can
lead to less stress and better overall well-being.

2. Stronger sense of community

In rural areas, people often know each other better and work together to support the
community. This creates a sense of belonging and security.
Example: Small towns have a close-knit environment, where neighbors help each other, and
local events are more personal and welcoming.

3. Lower cost of living

The cost of living in rural areas is generally lower than in cities, meaning people can enjoy more
 space and better value for their money.
Example: Housing in rural areas is more affordable, and everyday expenses like food and utilities
are typically less expensive than in large cities.

33. Some people believe that students should be required to take physical education (PE)classes,
while others think that they should be given the freedom to choose whether to participate. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.

View 1: Students should be required to take physical education classes

1. Encourages healthy habits

Physical education classes help students develop habits that promote physical health, such as
regular exercise and good nutrition. These habits can last throughout their lives.
Example: Students who participate in PE classes are more likely to grow up to be active adults,
reducing the risk of diseases like heart disease or obesity.

2. Teaches teamwork and cooperation

PE often involves team sports, where students learn how to work together, communicate, and
cooperate with others to achieve common goals.
Example: Playing soccer or basketball helps students build social skills like teamwork and
leadership, which are valuable in many areas of life.

3. Improves physical and mental well-being

Exercise not only keeps students physically fit but also helps reduce stress and improve their
mood. This contributes to better focus and learning.
Example: After a PE class, students often feel more energized and focused, which helps them
perform better in their academic subjects.

View 2: Students should be given the freedom to choose whether to participate

1. Respect for personal preferences

Not all students enjoy physical education or sports. Forcing them to participate can make them
feel uncomfortable or discouraged from being active altogether.
Example: Some students may prefer activities like drawing or music and feel their time would be
better spent pursuing their personal interests rather than participating in PE.

2. Encourages self-motivation
Allowing students to decide whether to join PE classes teaches them responsibility and helps
them understand the value of making their own decisions.
Example: Students who choose to exercise on their own or participate in alternative forms of
physical activity, like yoga or dance, are more likely to continue exercising in the future.

3. Promotes a wider range of activities

Some students may prefer to engage in different forms of fitness that are not part of traditional
 PE programs, such as swimming or cycling.
Example: Allowing students to choose their preferred activities enables them to find fitness

34. Some people think that people who commit serious crimes should be given long prison sentences,
while others believe they should be given a second chance. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

View 1: Serious criminals should be given long prison sentences

1. Ensures public safety

Giving long prison sentences to serious criminals protects society from their harmful actions.
This ensures that dangerous individuals are kept away from the public.
Example: A person who has committed violent crimes might pose a risk to others, so a long
prison sentence ensures they cannot harm others while serving their time.

2. Acts as a deterrent
Harsh sentences can deter others from committing similar crimes. If people see that serious
crimes lead to severe consequences, they might think twice before breaking the law.
Example: For instance, the fear of spending years in prison may stop someone from committing
robbery or assault.

3. Provides justice for victims

Long sentences can help deliver justice for victims and their families, as they feel that the
criminal has been appropriately punished for their actions.
Example: Victims of serious crimes like murder or assault may feel that justice has been served if
the perpetrator receives a long sentence.

View 2: Criminals should be given a second chance

1. Opportunity for rehabilitation

Prison can offer an opportunity for criminals to rehabilitate and change their behavior, rather
than simply punishing them. Many offenders can turn their lives around.
Example: Programs in prison that teach job skills, education, and counseling can help offenders
rebuild their lives and contribute positively to society after release.

2. Encourages forgiveness
Giving criminals a second chance is a compassionate approach that allows for the possibility of
redemption. People make mistakes, and with proper support, they can reform.
Example: If a young person commits a serious crime but shows remorse and is willing to change,
society might feel that they deserve a second chance.

3. Reduces prison overcrowding

Long prison sentences contribute to overcrowding in jails, which can lead to poor living
conditions for all inmates. Giving second chances can reduce this problem.
Example: By offering early release programs for non-violent offenders, the prison system can
ease overcrowding and focus resources on more dangerous criminals.
35. Some people think that older people should continue working as long as they are able to, while
others think they should retire and allow younger people to take their place. Discuss both views and
give your opinion.

View 1: Older people should continue working as long as they are able

1. Experience and knowledge

Older workers often have years of experience, which can be valuable in guiding younger
employees. Their expertise can be beneficial for the company.
Example: An experienced manager might have a deep understanding of the company’s
operations, and their guidance can help solve complex problems and improve efficiency.

2. Financial security
Some older people need to keep working for financial reasons, as they may not have enough
savings or pension to retire comfortably. Continuing to work allows them to support themselves.
Example: A senior worker who has no pension plan might need to keep working to afford
healthcare and living expenses.

3. Maintaining a sense of purpose

Working can give older individuals a sense of purpose and help them stay mentally and
physically active. This can be important for their overall well-being.
Example: Many retirees feel lonely or unproductive, but continuing to work keeps them engaged
and provides structure to their daily lives.

View 2: Older people should retire and make room for younger people

1. Job opportunities for younger generations

Encouraging older people to retire can open up job opportunities for younger individuals who
are entering the workforce and looking for career advancement.
Example: When older workers retire, younger workers can move into higher positions, which
helps to reduce youth unemployment.

2. Health and physical limitations

As people age, they may experience physical and mental health challenges that make it difficult
for them to perform their jobs effectively. Retirement allows them to rest and take care of their
health.
Example: An older person with health issues, such as arthritis or memory problems, may find it
difficult to perform the demanding tasks of their job and should consider retiring.

3. Generational change and innovation

Younger workers are often more familiar with new technology and fresh ideas. Encouraging
them to take over positions can lead to innovation and keep companies competitive.
Example: In industries like technology, young employees are more likely to understand new
software and trends, which can help companies stay ahead in a rapidly changing market.
36. Some people believe that protecting the environment should be the responsibility of the
government, while others think that individuals should take action. Discuss both views and give your
opinion.

View 1: The government should protect the environment

1. Enforces environmental laws

Governments can create and enforce laws that require companies and individuals to reduce
pollution and protect natural resources. They have the power to make widespread changes.
Example: Governments can implement regulations to limit emissions from factories, promote
recycling, and protect forests through national parks.

2. Allocates resources for environmental protection

Governments have the funding and resources to invest in large-scale environmental protection
initiatives, such as renewable energy projects or public transportation systems.
Example: Governments can invest in solar energy farms or electric buses to reduce reliance on
fossil fuels and lower carbon emissions.

3. Sets an example for the public

Governments can lead by example, showing citizens how to live more sustainably. If the
government makes protecting the environment a priority, others may follow suit.
Example: A government that invests in clean energy and sustainable farming practices sets a
positive example that citizens might adopt in their daily lives.

View 2: Individuals should take responsibility for protecting the environment

1. Every action counts

Each person can contribute to environmental protection by making small changes in their
lifestyle, such as reducing waste, conserving water, or using public transport.
Example: By choosing to recycle or avoid single-use plastics, individuals can reduce the amount
of waste that ends up in landfills.

2. Personal responsibility leads to greater change

When people take personal responsibility, it can lead to a collective effort that results in
significant environmental impact. If everyone does their part, the environment can improve.
Example: If individuals reduce their energy consumption at home, it adds up to a large decrease
in overall national energy use.

3. Supports sustainable businesses

Individuals have the power to support environmentally-friendly businesses by choosing products
that are sustainable, thus encouraging more companies to adopt green practices.
Example: Consumers who purchase eco-friendly products, such as organic food or items made
from recycled materials, help push the market toward sustainability.