& INTRODUCTION _ Inthe IT industry, where technology plays a huge role, itis important to ensure that everyone can use computers and software effectively. "Web Applications and Security" refers to the programs or tools we use on the internet (like online shopping or social media), and how we make sure they are safe from hackers and other online dangers. In this, Unit, the following topics willbe covered in detail - MANAGING HEALTH AND SAFETY IMPORTANT FACTS An interesting aspect of web application security is that it is constantly evolving because new vulnerabilities and attack methods are discovered regularly. This dynamic nature requires developers and security experts to stay updated and adapt their strategies Maintain Workplace Safety, Prevent Accidents and '@counteremerging threats effectively, Emergencies, Protect Health and Safety at work. Health means being physically, mentally, and socially well. Itis about feeling good in your body, mind, and how you interact with others. Companies need to keep the ‘workplaces clean and safe so their employees stay healthy and happy. This includes providing clean water, good food, and tidy restrooms. A health, safety, and security program or policy outlines the measures and objectives aimed at protecting workers at the workplace, enabling the organization to achieve its overarching goal of ensuring employee well-being, Sy * Basic safety rules to follow at workplace + Fire safety * Falls and slips, Electrical safety, Use of first aid Case Studies of hazardous situations. Every time there is an accident, someone gets sick, or there is a problem at work, it costs the company money. It also affects the people who are hurt and their families. So, itis our job to make sure the workplace is safe, When we do that, it not only makes work better but also helps the company do well. To create a safe workplace: + Weneed tomake sure there are no dangerous things around that can hurt people. Those are called hazards. + Wealsoneed to thinkabout the chances of something bad happening, which we call risks, + The company should make clear rules for staying safe, and everyone should follow them. + We should practice these safety rules regularly to make sure we remember them. By doingall ofthis, we can make sure that workisa safe and good place for everyone.Toa Ensuring fire safety in every establishment is crucial because not following proper housekeeping standards can lead to dangerous accidents, especially fires. These incidents can cause significant damage to the workplace, including equipment, inventory, and the building itself. They can also result in injuries to employees. To prevent fires, itis essential to take safety precautions seriously at the workplace. Most of the time, fires can be avoided by taking the right measures 1. Install Fire Escape Plans: Place fire escape plans at strategic locations throughout the workplace. These plans show the quickest and safest ways to exit the building in case of a fire, 2. Regular Drills: Practice fire drills regularly so that employees know exactly whatto do if, afire happens. This helps ensure a quick and orderly evacuation. 3. Smoke Alarms: Install smoke alarms at proper intervals in the workplace. Smoke alarms can detect the presence of smoke, alerting everyone to the fire early, which is essential fora swift response. 4. No-Smoking Zone: Designate the workplace as a no-smoking area. Smoking can be a NO Sg fire hazard, especially when flammable materials are present, Having designated smoking areas away from the workplace can help prevent fires. SMOKING 5. Regular Maintenance: Ensure that safety equipment, such as fire extinguishers, sprinklers, and emergency lighting, is regularly inspected and well-maintained. Faulty equipment may not work when needed. peer Sense enema! Includes wood, cloth, and paper; burns when exposed to heat. Water, CO,, Dry Chemical Powder, ABC Dry Powder Class B Covers liquids, grease, and gases; burn when exposed to ignition sources. CO,, Dry Chemical Powder, Carbon Dioxide Mechanical Foam, ABC Dry Powder Class C Involves electrical materials and equipment; can cause fires quickly Dry Chemical Powder, Carbon Dioxide Mechanical Foam, ABC Dry Powder Class D Consists of volatile materials like magnesium and potassium; ignites rapidly, CO,, Carbon Dioxide Mechanical Foam, ‘ABC Dry Powder FALLS AND SLIPS, ELECTRICAL SAFETY, USE OF FIRST AID Falls and Slip: Falls are incidents where a person loses their balance and ends up on the ground orat a lower level unintentionally. ElyFalls can result from slips or trips, as well as from working at heights without proper fall protection. Slips occur when a person's foot loses traction with the walking surface due to a lack of friction between the shoe and the floor. This loss of traction can result from slippery surfaces, such as wet or oily floors. To prevent these incidents, itis essential to follow safety rules and guidelines. Here are some important safety rules to preventslips, and falls: + Make sure walkways, hallways, and work areas are free of clutter, equipment, or objects that could trip people. + Ensure that the workplace is well-ventilated and well-lit so that employees can see where they are walking. + Employees should wear appropriate footwear that provides good traction ands slip-resistant. (2 l ae IMPORTANT FACTS AINE’ The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code (OSHWC Code) 2020 is a labor code introduced by the Government of India as part of its labor law reforms. It specifically focuses on ‘occupational safety, health, and working conditions for employees across various industries in India. + Floors should be regularly cleaned to remove spills, dust, or debris that can create slippery surfaces. In areas where liquids are used or spilled, provide absorbent materials like mats or rugs to soak up the liquids promptly, + Spills, cil leaks, or any other slippery substances should be cleaned up immediately. Use warning signs to alert others of wet or slippery floors while cleaning isin progress. Electrical Safety: Using electrical equipment has made our daily tasks much more convenient, both at home and in the office. Electrical accidents at work can have serious consequences, including severe injuries or even death. Here are some essential steps to stay safe from electrical hazards and accidents: Menurcenmcenels+ Make sure that the electrical equipment you use is approved and certified by a recognized organization. This ensures that it meets safety standards. + Workers should receive adequate training on how to safely handle electrical equipment. This includes understanding how to use it, troubleshoot minor issues, and respond to electrical emergencies. + Any electrical equipment that is damaged or poses a hazard should be replaced immediately. This includes old or frayed switches, wires, or plugs. Never use faulty equipment. + Keep heat-emitting equipment, such as space heaters, away from other electrical devices and flammable materials to prevent overheating and fires. + Be cautious not to overload electrical outlets or circuits. Plugging too many devices into one outlet can cause overheating and electrical fires. Use power strips with overload protection when needed. + Always switch off and unplug electrical appliances before cleaning them or moving them to a different location. This reduces the tisk of electric shock or damage. Use of First Aid Learning First Aid is not just a personal skill itis a responsibility we all share as members of society. When administered effectively and promptly, First Aid can make the difference between life and death. First Aid is the immediate help and care given to an injured person. It aims to save lives and reduce further harm until professional medical assistance is available. Every organization should have a basic First Aid Kit on hand. This kit should contain all the necessary items for providing immediate care. Remember to check regularly for the expiry dates of medical supplies in the kit Basic Rules of First Aid: + Keep the Injured Calm: Itis essential to reassure the injured person and encourage them to stay calm, Panic can worsen the situation. + Keep Warm: Ifthe injured person isin shock, try to keep them warm. This, can help stabilize their condition + Do not Move in Case of Back/Neck Injury: If you suspect that the person has a back or neck injury, avoid moving them unless it is necessary to prevent further harm, Wait for professional medical assistance. Pease eeu Hazards are situations, substances, or conditions that have the potential to cause harm, damage, or adverse effects to people, property, or the environment, Hazards can exist in various forms and settings, and they are ‘typically associated with the tisk of accidents, injuries, illnesses, or negative consequences. Workers can encounter various occupational hazards in the workplace, which are risks or dangers associated with their specific job or ‘occupation. These hazards can lead to illnesses or injuries related to the nature of their work. MANAGING HEALTH AND SAFETY ralSome common types of Occupational Hazards: + Physical Hazards: These include risks related to physical aspects of the workplace, such as machinery, noise, extreme temperatures, and falling objects. Workers in construction, manufacturing, or heavy ‘machinery operation may face physical hazards. + Chemical Hazards: These involve exposure to potentially harmful substances like toxic chemicals, gases, or fumes. Workers in laboratories, chemical plants, or industries dealing with hazardous materials are at risk. + Biological Hazards: They stem from exposure to biological agents like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. Healthcare workers, laboratory personnel, and agricultural workers may encounter biological hazards. + Behavioral Hazards: These are related to how people interact in the workplace. This can include workplace violence, harassment, or stress caused by a hostile work environment. + Radiological Hazards: They involve exposure to ionizing radiation, such as X-rays or nuclear materials. Workersin healthcare, nuclear facilities, or radiography may face radiological hazards. + Ergonomic Hazards: These are associated with physical strain or poor ergonomics in the workplace, leading to musculoskeletal disorders. Office workers, assembly line workers, and those with repetitive tasks maybe affected, Case Study 1: Electrical Hazard Sarah is an electrician with several years of experience in working with electrical installations. She was assigned to troubleshoot an electrical issue in an older building. As she opened an electrical panel to inspect the wiring, she failed to notice the exposed and frayed wires inside. While attempting to diagnose the problem, Sarah accidentally touched the live wires, resulting in a severe electrical shock. Her lack of awareness about the damaged wiring and insufficient personal protective equipment led to a life-threatening situation. Thankfully, prompt medical attention saved her life, but she suffered severe burns and injuries due to the electrical hazard. This incident underscores the importance of electrical safety and the need for regular equipment inspections in the workplace. Case Study 2: Fire Hazard John worked as the in-charge of the kitchen in a restaurant in the heart of the city. The kitchen was equipped with multiple gas stoves and ovens, all of which were constantly in use. One evening, as the orders piled up, John became overwhelmed and stressed. In his haste to prepare dishes quickly, he neglected to turn off one of the stoves after finishing a cooking task. He was unaware that a kitchen towel soaked in grease had fallen onto the stove's burner. Shortly after, afire erupted on the stove top, quickly spreading to nearby flammable items. The restaurant's fire alarm turned on notifying both the staff and the customers. Fortunately, the restaurant had fire extinguishers, and the staff managed to contain and extinguish the flames. While there were no injuries, the kitchen suffered significant damage, and the restaurant had to close temporarily for repairs. This incident highlights the importance of fire safety measures in commercial kitchens, emphasizing the need for regular staff training, the presence of fire-fighting equipment, and maintaining a calm and cautious demeanor during busy times to prevent fire hazards. MenurcenmcenelsCase Study 3: Chemical Hazard In XYZ Public School, one day, during a chemistry experiment, a student named Sheela was working with a powerful chemical solution in a beaker. She was following all the safety instructions, wearing protective goggles and lab coat, but as she was pouring the chemical into another container, she accidentally knocked the beaker with her elbow. The chemical solution splashed onto her skin. Immediately, Sheela alerted her teacher. Recognizing the seriousness of the incident, the teacher acted immediately by rinsing Sheela's affected skin with water to dilute and wash away the chemical. Simultaneously, the teacher called for medical assistance. Sheela was swiflly transported to the hospital for further treatment. Fortunately, due to the quick response and proper first aid, Sheela’s injuries were minimized, and she recovered without any lasting harm. ree jultiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1 are incidents where a person loses their balance and ends up on the ground or at a lower level unintentionally, (a) Falls (b) Slips () Trips (d) Hazards 2. Electrical equipment should meet___ standards. (a) Aesthetic (b) Culinary (6) Fashion (d) Safety 3. Whatare the potential cause of hazards at workplace? (a) Poor ventilation (b) Poorlighting (6) Poorhousekeeping (d) Allofthe above Ans. 1.(a),2. (d), 3.(d). ll in the Blanks 1 hazards are associated with physical strain in the workplace, leading to musculoskelet disorders. 2. Practice regularly so that employees know exactly what to do ifa fire happens. 3. Physical hazards occurs due to ns. 1, Ergonomic, 2. fire drills, 3. Fire Jery Short Answer Type Questions 1. Whatdo you mean by occupational hazards? INCERT] ins. Occupational hazards refer to the potential risks, dangers, or threats that employees face in their workplace due to the nature of their job or occupation. 2. Enlist any three basic safety rules to follow at workplace. INCERT] ins. (i) Every organization needs to have safety rules displayed in important places. (ii) Allemployees should be trained to follow the safety rules, (iii) Make sure there are no dangerous things around that can hurt people.PAY St5 (1) Bd PREVENT ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES CT Accidents and emergency ‘Types of Accidents Handling Accidents ‘Types of Emergencies SANE Nea ‘An accident is an unforeseen and unplanned event that occurs suddenly, often resulting in unintended and sometimes harmful consequences, such as injuries, damage, or unexpected outcomes. ‘An emergency is a sudden and often unexpected situation or event that demands immediate attention and action due to the potential risks it poses to life, property, health, or the environment, Grete ce aNd 1. Workplace Accidents: These accidents occur while people are at work. Examples include slipping and falling on a wet floor in the office or a factory, or fires breaking out in a workplace due to various reasons like faulty equipment or unsafe practices. 2. Industrial Diseases or Illnesses: Industrial diseases or illnesses are health conditions that develop as a result of exposure to harmful substances or conditions in certain industries. For example, prolonged exposure toasbestosin construction can lead to conditions like asbestosis or mesothelioma. 3. Road Traffic Accidents: These accidents happen on the road and typically involve vehicles like cars, trucks, or motorcycles. They can result from factors like speeding, reckless driving, or poor road conditions and can lead to injuries or fatalities. 4, Clinical Accidents: Clinical accidents occur in healthcare settings, like hospitals or clinics. These accidents ‘may include medical errors, such as administering the wrong medication or misdiagnosing a patient, which can have serious consequences for the patient's health.5, Sports-Related Accidents: These accidents occur during sports activities or events. They can involve injuries like sprains, fractures, or concussions due to physical contact or accidents during sports or recreational activities. PED Pee 1, Accidents should be dealt with compassionately, without placing blame on anyone: When an accident happens, it is essential to focus on helping the people involved and addressing the situation rather than assigning blame. The emphasis should be on providing assistance, medical care if necessary, and ensuring everyone's safety. Call 108 as soon as possible. 2. Every organization should have Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for handling accident: SOPs are established guidelines and protocols that organizations create to manage specific situations, including accidents. These procedures outline the steps to be taken when an accident occurs, ensuring that everyone knows how to respond effectively and safely. 3. Safety measures should be in place to prevent workplace accidents: Preventing accidents is crucial, and organizations should have safety measures, protocols, and training in place to reduce the risk of accidents ‘occurring in the first place. This may include safety equipment, employee training, proper signage, and ‘maintaininga safe work environment. 4. Incase of injury, call the medical team immediately: When someone is injured in an accident, itis vital to seek medical assistance promptly. Calling the medical team ensures that injured individuals receive timely and appropriate medical care, which can be crucial for their recovery. 5. Stay alert and be attentive: Being alert and attentive means being aware of your surroundings and potential hazards. Itis essential for preventing accidents and responding quickly if one occurs, 6. Follow emergency drills and procedures: Many organizations conduct emergency drills to prepare ‘employees for various situations, including accidents and evacuations. Itis crucial to participate in these drills and follow established emergency procedures to ensure everyone's safety in areal emergency. resto a eens An emergency situations one that: + Poses isks to the safety of employees, customers, or the general public. + Causes interruptions or closures in the regular operations thereby causing financial losses and operational disruptions. + Resultsin harm to the physical environment or infrastructure. Emergencies must be addressed promptly to prevent further losses and minimize the overall impact. Being vigilant and able to identify potential emergencies is crucial. Various types of emergencies can occur at home, school, or the workplace, making it essential to have an emergency plan in place to minimize damage and facilitate recovery. Some of the types of emergencies include: + Fires: Uncontrolled or accidental fires that can threaten lives, property, and natural landscapes, often requiring firefighting efforts. The primary fire emergency telephone number is 101. + Floods: Overflow of water onto normally dry land, often caused by heavy rainfall, storms, or melting snow, which can lead to property damage and displacement of people, + Thunderstorms: Severe weather events characterized by lightning, heavy rain, strong winds, and sometimes hail, which can result in power outages, flooding, and property damage. + Terrorist Attacks: Deliberate acts of violence or sabotage carried out by individuals or groups to create fear, harm, or disruption within a community or region, + Droughts: Extended periods of reduced rainfall and water scarcity, impacting agriculture, water supply, and ecosystems.Pandemics: Widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases, affecting a large population and often requiring public health responses and containment measures. + Leakage of Hazardous Gases or Chemicals: Accidental releases of toxic gases or chemicals from industrial facilities or transportation accidents that can have immediate health and environmental consequences. + Chemical Spills: Accidental releases or leaks of hazardous chemicals or substances that can harm the environment and pose health risks to people in the vicinity. + Extreme Heat Waves: Prolonged periods of abnormally high temperatures that can result in heat-related illnesses and can strain energy resources. It is important to have a basic understanding of how to handle emergencies. Being aware of fundamental emergency procedures can make a significant difference in ensuring your safety and the safety of others in itical situations. Whether itis knowing how to provide first aid, safely evacuate a building, or respond to a fire alarm, these basic skills and knowledge can be invaluable in times of need. (2 a IMPORTANT FACTS "_/Theterm "evacuation" indeed has its origins in the Latin word "evacuare,’ which means'“to empty’ ot "to make empty." This term accurately describes the process of relocating people from a potentially hazardous or dangerous area toa safer location, which isa fundamental practice in disaster management and emergency. Evacuation is the organized and controlled process of moving people from a potentially dangerous or emergency situation to a safer location. Emergencies often arise from vatious disasters, which can be classified into two main categories: 1, Natural Disasters: These are events triggered by natural forces and processes. Examples include earthquakes, hurricanes, tomadoes, floods, wildfires, tsunamis, and severe storms. Natural disasters can cause widespread damage and pose significant threats to human life and property. 2. Human-Caused or Man-Made Disasters: These disasters result from human activities or errors. Examples include industrial accidents, chemical spills, nuclear incidents, acts of terrorism, and accidents involving transportation or infrastructure. Human-caused disasters can have far-reaching consequences and may require coordinated responses. Several types of emergencies, including fire, explosions, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, toxic material releases, civil disturbances, and workplace violence, may require evacuation to ensure the safety of individuals and communities. MenurcenmcenelsMultiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. An is an unforeseen and unplanned event that occurs suddenly, often resulting in| unintended and sometimes harmful consequences, such as injuries, damage, or unexpected / ‘outcomes. (a) Illness (b) Accident (c) Evacuation (d) Aesthetics 2. Every organization should have forhandling accidents. (a) Emergency Snack Dispensers (b) Trained Medical’ Team (c) Standard Operating Procedures (d) Emergency Therapy Programs 3. Whatis the primary fire emergency telephone number is? i (a) 011 (b) 101 (c) 108 (di Ans. 1.(b), 2. (c),3.(b). Fill in the Blanks 1. is the process of moving people from a potentially dangerous or emergency to a safer location. 2. Hurricane isan example of disaster. | Ans. 1. Evacuation, 2. natural | Very Short Answer Type Questions ' | 1. Enlistany fourtypesofaccidents. INCERT] | “Ans. Slips and fall accidents, Industrial disease/illness, Road traffic accidents, Clinical Accidents, Sports | related accidents. i 2. Give any three situations of emergency that require evacuation. INCERT] | Ans. Some of the types of emergencies that require evacuation are — Fire, Explosion, Floods, Earthquake, Hurricane, Tornado, Toxic material release, Civil disturbance, Workplace violence. TEN y ain?EYAL U Oka See e TTS ‘+ Hazards and sources of hazards * General evacuation procedures + Healthy living. ‘An organization can have things that might hurt or make employees sick. These things are called hazards. These hazards can vary based on the industry and the work environment in which employees are engaged. Different types of hazards include: + Physical Hazards: These are hazards related to the physical conditions of the workplace. Examples include slippery floors, extreme temperatures, loud noises, and heavy machinery. * Chemical Hazards: Chemical hazards involve exposure to harmful substances such as toxic chemicals, gases, or flammable materials that can adversely affect health. * Biological Hazards: Biological hazards stem from exposure to living organisms or their byproducts. This can include exposure to pathogens, viruses, bacteria, or allergens. Mechanical Hazards: Mechanical hazards are associated with machinery and equipment. They can result from moving parts, sharp edges, or malfunctioning machinery. Sources of Hazards You may encounter one of the following hazards while using computers - 1. Poorsitting postures or sitting in one position for too long that can cause discomfort and strain. 2. Repetitive movements that can lead to muscle fatigue. 3. Glare from the computer screen that can harm the eves. ‘Sources of hazards related to computer workstations can be addressed by following this checklist for setting up asafe and comfortable workstation: Workstation Considerat + Ensure ample space for users to comfortably switch positions, + Provide proper lighting ns: Have windows with adjustable coverings to regulate sunlight. + Ensure shared workstations accommodate multiple users comfortably. Display Considerations: + Show clear characters ofthe tight size and spacing, + Maintainastable image. + Allow easy adjustment of brightness and contrast. Ez) Menurcenmcenels+ Cantiltand swivel for user comfort. + Befree from glare and reflections. + Utilize a separate base for the screen or an adjustable table Keyboard Considerations + Ensure the keyboard is easily adjustable for tilting and separation from the screen to enhance user comfort. + Allow space in front of the keyboard for user hand or arm support. * Utilize a matte surface for the keyboard. + Ensure the symbols on the keys are easily readable, Workspace Considerations + Ensure sufficient space forthe user. + Useasurface with low reflectivity, + Choose a size thatallows flexible arrangement of the screen, keyboard, and other peripherals. + Include a stable and adjustable document holder at the same level as the screen. GENERAL EVACUATION PROCEDURES In case of an emergency, it is essential to have a plan for safely leaving the area. This process is called evacuation, and companies should consider the following points for a successful evacuation plan: + Evacuation Policy: Every organization should have a clear evacuation policy. Team Leaders are responsible for informing their employees about this policy, and it's crucial to pay proper attention during these briefings to ensure everyone's safety, + Designated Assembly Point: There should be a designated place where all employees gather during emergencies. Itis essential for every worker to know where this assembly pointis located, + Buddy System: A buddy system should be established for individuals with special needs or disabilities. This system ensures that those who need assistance can be guided safely during evacuations. If you are designated as a buddy, make sure your buddy reaches the assembly point safely. + Floor Plans and Evacuation Routes: Familiarize yourself with floor plans and evacuation routes in your work areas. Understanding these layouts willbe crucial during an emergency. + Assembly Areas: The areas where you gather after evacuation should be well. ——____ maintained and easily accessible. + Evacuation Drills: Regular evacuation drills should be conducted. Pay attention uring these dls, as they can save lives—your own and others. The following steps are crucial for ensuring everyone's safety during an evacuation. 1, Leave the premises immediately and head towards the nearest emergency exit. The evacuation routes mentioned in the floor plan will help you find the nearest exit. 2. Assist individuals with disabilities in reaching the emergency exit if possible. Do not wait until their buddy teaches forhelp, 3. Youcan take your handheld belongings with you as you move toward the emergency exit. However, donot, return to retrieve them unless the area is declared safe 4. Avoid using escalators or elevators (lifts) to prevent overcrowding and the risk of getting trapped in case ofa power failure. Use the stairs instead. 5. Proceed to the emergency assembly area/point, Check if any of your colleagues are missing and promptly inform the relevant authorities or individuals.[eer eaT The saying "A healthy body has a healthy mind” emphasizes the strong connection between physical health and mental well-being, It suggests that when we take care of our physical health, our mental health also thrives. A. healthy lifestyle not only benefits individuals but also contributes to a healthy environment at home and in the workplace. A happy and healthy person tends to perform their best.A healthy lifestyle is a comprehensive approach to well-being that encompasses several key aspects, each playing a vital role in achieving and maintaining good health. > ae IMPORTANT FACTS ‘A good work-life balance is integral to both personal happiness and professional success. A recent study by Forbes Advisor found that Copenhagen in Denmark is the best city with a work-life balance score of 70.1. The city places a strong emphasis on sustainability and offers a high quality of life, which is reflected in its infrastructure, public transport, and green spaces. 1, Healthy Eating Habits: The foundation of a healthy lifestyle is built on nourishing your body with the right foods. This involves consuming a well-balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and healthy fats. Avoiding excessive sugar, processed foods, and unhealthy fats is crucial to supporting your overall health. 2. Regular Physical Activities: Incorporating regular exercise into your daily routine is essential for physical fitness. Engaging in activities like walking, jogging, cycling, or sports not only helps you maintain a healthy ‘weight but also strengthens your muscles and bones. Exercise also has a profound impact on mental health, reducing stress and promoting a positive mood. 3. Effective Stress Management: Stress is a common part of life, but chronic stress can take a toll on your health, Learning effective stress management techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, yoga, or simply taking time for relaxation is crucial for maintaining mental and emotional well-being, 4. A Sound and Healthy Mind: Mental health is as important as physical health. A healthy lifestyle includes practices that promote mental well-being, such as maintaining social connections, seeking support when needed, and engaging in activities that bring joy and fulfilment, 5. Quality Sleep: Getting enough restful sleep is essential for physical and mental recovery. Prioritizing a consistent sleep schedule and creating a conducive sleep environment are vital components of a healthy lifestyle. 6. Goal Setting for Personal Growth: Setting and working towards personal goals provides a sense of purpose and direction in life. Whether these goals are related to career, education, hobbies, or personal development, they contribute toa fulfilling and meaningful life, Achieving a healthy lifestyle is not an overnight transformation but rather a journey that requires dedication, practice, and genuine effort. It is important to remember that staying healthy not only enhances your quality oflife butalso leads to a happier and more fulfilling existence. MBLC re x MenurcenmcenelsMultiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. Which of the following is incorrect about hazards while using computers? (a) Poor sitting postures or sitting in one position for too long that can cause discomfort and strain. (b) Repetitive movements that can lead to muscle fatigue. (c) Glare from the computer screen that can harm the eyes (d) Lack of space in front of the keyboard for user hand or arm support. 2. This system ensures that those who need assistance can be guided safely during evacuations. (a) Buddy system (b) Safety escort program (c) Supportive companion initiative (d) Assistance partnership plan Ans. 1.(d), 2. (a) Fill in the Blanks 1. Abealthy is a comprehensive approach to well-being that encompasses several key aspects, each playinga vital role in achieving and maintaining good health, 2. Organization musthaveadesignated__for emergencies. INCERT, 3. Hazards can be of different types depending on the and the work Ans. 1 lifestyle, 2. assembly point, 3. industry, environment, Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Describe the importance of periodic evacuation drills Ans. Periodic evacuation drills should be conducted so as to ensure that you pay attention during thes drills to move out of the premises. You need to save your life and you can be helpful in savin, someone else's life too. Explain importance ofa healthy lifestyle, INCERT. ‘Healthy Lifestyle leads to a healthy being. A healthy living has a lasting impact on an individual which ultimately yields a healthy environment at home as well as at work place. a happy ani healthy worker will always perform best to his ability Givea checklist for workstations to minimize the hazards. INCERT] The workstation should — Ensure ample space for users to comfortably switch positions Provide properlighting. Have windows with adjustable coverings to regulate sunlight. Ensure shared workstations accommodate multiple users comfortably.Questions Zone )) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. Workplace safety is essential in organisation INCERT] (a) toavoid the accident and injury (b) toincrease the productivity (c} toimprove the work environment (a) Allofthe above 2. hazards involve exposure to ionizing radiation, such as X-rays ornuclear materials. [NCERT] (@) Radiological (b) Ergonomic (c) Physical (d) Chemical 3. Infire classification, aliquid, grease, and gas material comes under INCERT] (a) Class A material (b) Class B material (c) Class C material (d) Class A material 4. is the process of emptyinga place in case of an emergency, disaster. INCERT] (a) Accident (b) Evacuation (c) Hazards (a) Exiting 5A is an unplanned event that may happen all of a sudden and may lead to unwanted or unprecedented results/outcomes INCERT] (ajemergency (byhazard (claceident (d)iliness 6. Ahealthy lifestyle helps to keep and improve people’shealth and well-being, Itdoes notinclude: [NCERT] (a) healthy eating habits (b) stress management (c) physical activities (d) lesssleep 7A worker will always perform to the post to his ability. INCERT] (a) fastworking (b)highlveducated (clhappyandhealthy (d)stressed 8. Which of he following is incorrect about hazards while using computers? (a) Poor sitting postures or sitting in one position for too long that can cause discomfort and strain, (b) Repetitive movements that can lead to muscle fatigue. (c) Glare from the computer screen that can harm the eves. (d) Lack of space in front of the keyboard for user hand or arm support. 9. This system ensures that those who need assistance can be guided safely during evacuations. {a) Buddy system (b) Safety escort program (c) Supportive companion initiative (4) Assistance partnership plan 10. Which kind of hazards can occur in IT industry? (a) Biological (b) Chemical (c) Physical (4) Ergonomic Ans. 1. (d), 2. (a), 3.(b), 4.(b), 5. (c), 6.(b), 7. (b), 8. (d), 9. (a), 10. (a). 1. Workplace fires are commonly caused by improper storage of, material or dust. [NCERT] 2. are incidents where a person loses their balance and ends up on the ground or at a lower level unintentionally 3. Make sure that the electrical equipment you use is approved and bya recognized organization. 4. is the immediate assistance provided to the injured to save life and minimize health loss tl Ithe proper medical aid/ facility is provided, INCERT]5. is the process of moving people from a potentially dangerous or emergency to a safer location. 6. Hurricaneisan example of Aisaster. 7. An, isa sudden and often unexpected situation or event that demands immediate attention and action due to the potential rsksit poses to life, property, health, or the environment. 8. Loose cords and wires can cause INCERT] 9. Organization must have a designated for emergencies. INCERT] 10.A not only benefits individuals but also contributes to a healthy environment at home and in the workplace Ans. 1. flammable... combustible, 2. Falls, 3. certified, 4. Firstaid, 5. Evacuation, 6. natural, 7. emergency, 8. electrical hazards, 9. assembly point, 10. healthy lifestyle. State whether the given statements are True or False 1, Theworkenvironment of the organisation mustbe free from hazards and risk. Itisunnecessary for every organization to have a basic First Aid Kiton hand. ‘The primary fire emergency telephone numbers 111. It is crucial for everyone to prioritize waiting until the disabled person's buddy reaches for help before aeN assisting them Plugging too many devices into one outlet can cause overheatingand electrical fires. Ifthe injured person isin shock, try to keep the warm. Workplace harassment is an example of physical hazard. Repetitive movements that can lead to muscle fatigue. ypenas Incorporating regular exercise into your daily routine is optional for physical fitness and a positive mood, 10. Achieving a healthy lifestyle isnot an overnight transformation but rather ajourney that requires dedication, practice and genuine effort. Ans. 1. True, 2. False, 3. False, 4. False, 5. True, 6. True, 7. False, 8. True, 9. False, 10. True. Match the following 1. magnesium and potassium a) 101 2, primary fire emergency telephone number (b) malfunctioning equipment 3. Firesafety {e) Smoke alarms 4. Biological hazard {d) Soundsleep 5. Mechanical Hazards {(e) Class D material 6. Healthylifestyle (f) viruses, bacteria, fungi, microorganisms Ans. 1.(e), 2.(g), 3.(b), 4. (i), 5. (k), 6. (d). ‘Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Whatismeantby health? Ans. Health means being physically, mentally, and socially wel. 2. Why isregular practice of fire drills importantin workplace safety? Ans. Ithelps ensure that employees know exactly what to do in the event of a fire emergency, 3. Define falls in the context of workplace safety. Ans. Falls are incidents where a person loses their balance and ends up on the ground or at a lower level unintentionally. EEE4, Write any one safety rule to prevent slips and falls Ans, Use warning signs to alert others of wet or slippery floors while cleaningjisin progress, 5. What precaution should be taken when plugging multiple devices into one outlet? Ans. Use power strips with overload protection to prevent overheating and electrical fires. 6. Whatis irstaid? ‘Ans. Fist Aidis the immediate help and care given to an injured person. 7. Whatare hazards? ‘Ans. An organization can have things that might hurt or make employees sick. These things are called hazards. 8. Name anytwo common types of occupational hazards. ‘Ans. Physical hazards, ergonomichazards. 9. Which part of the computer should be adjusted to show clear characters ofthe right size and spacing? Ans. Display(or)Monitor 10. Emergencies often arise from two main categories of disasters, Name them. ‘Ans, Natural Disasters, Human-Caused or Man-Made Disasters. n- Reasoning Questions 1. Assertion (A) : Every organisation must have Standard Operating Procedures (SOPS). Reason (R) : SOPs are essential to maintain consistency, efficiency and compliance in the operation of an organisation. (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) isthe correct explanation of (A). (b) Both(A) and (R) are correctbut (R) isnot the correct explanation of (A). (c) (A)iscorrectbut (R) isincorrect. (d)(A)isincorrect but (R) is correct. 2, Assertion (A) :Itis essential to provide first aid to the injured person. Reason (R) : Firstaid maximises the health loss till proper medical aid is provided. (a) Both (A and (R) are correct and (R) isthe correct explanation of (A). (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (c) (A)iscorrect but (R) isincorrect. (d)_ (A) isincorrect but (R) is correct. 3. Assertion (A): Displayinga floor plan on every floor of the buildingis important. Reason (R): Ithelps people understand the layout and locate exits in case of emergency. (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) isthe correct explanation of (A). (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (c)(A)iscorrect but (R) isincorrect. (d)_(A)isincorrect but (R) is correct. 4. Assertion (A): There isno need for space in front of the keyboard for hand or arm support of the user. Reason (R): Glare from the computer screen can harm the eyes. (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R} is the correct explanation of (A) (b) Both(A) and (R) are correct but (R} isnot the correct explanation of (A) (c) (A)iscorrect but (R) isincorrect (d)_ (A) isincorrect but (R) is correct Ans. 1.(a), 2.(c), 3.(a), 4. (d) Case/Source based Questions 1. Chandni has just moved into a new apartment. She notices that the electrical outlets and wiring seem outdated and potentially unsafe. So, she wrote a letter to the apartment manager describing the steps they must take to ensure the electrical safety that can prevent accidents in this situation. What points she mustAns. Ans. Ans. have mentioned in the letter? ‘She musthave written the following points: + Use electrical equipment that has offical safety certification to ensure it meets safety standards, + Train workers on safe handling of electrical equipment, including usage, basic trouble shooting, and responding to emergencies. + Replace damaged or hazardous electrical equipment promptly, including old or frayed switches, wires or plugs. Never use faulty equipment. + Keep heat-producing devices, like space heaters, away fro mother electronics and flammable materials toprevent overheating and fires ‘Mukesh works as a safety manager at a large manufacturing company, and wants to assess his employees! understanding of workplace accidents. After explaining, he asks you to list the possible types of accidents. What will you, asa responsible employee answer? The possible types of accidents include— + Workplace Accidents. + Industrial Diseasesor Illnesses. + Road Traffic Accidents. + Clinical Accidents, + Sports-Related Accidents. In the context of ensuring safety during evacuations for individuals with special needs or disabilities, what is the term used to describe a system in which designated individuals help and guide those who require help to reach the assembly point safely? Buddy System Short Answer Type Questions 1. Ans. Ans. What do you mean by Clinical accidents? Explain. Clinical accidents occur in healthcare settings, like hospitals or clinics. These accidents may include medical errors, such as administering the wrong medication or misdiagnosing a patient, which can have serious consequences for the patient's health Give any two ways to handle accidents. INCERT] + Every organization must follow SOP for accident handling + Safety measures mustbe placed to prevent workplace accidents + Immediately call the medical team for any injury. + Stayalert. + Payattention to and follow emergency drills Whatis the importance of healthy lifestyle? Give any four points related to it. INCERT] Abealthy lifestyle helps to keep and improve people's health and well-being, Itincludes: 1, Healthy eatinghabits. 2. Physical activities 3. Stress management. 4. Sound sleep. Explain the term’Evacuation Policy’ INCERT] Every organization must have an evacuation policy. All the Team Leaders are responsible for informing about the policy to their employees about it. Proper attention must be paid when the Team Leader is in forming you about these details. Negligence at this time may cost lives. Describe the importance of periodic evacuation drill INCERT] Periodic evacuation drills should be conducted so as to ensure that you pay attention during these drills to move out of the premises. You need to save vour life and you can be helpful in saving someone else's life too. Explain importance of a healthy lifestyle. INCERT] 185Ans. A S Ans. 10. u. 12. ‘Healthy Lifestyle leads to a healthy being. A healthy living has a lasting impact on an individual which ultimately yields a healthy environment at home as well as at work place. a happy and healthy worker will always perform best to his ability. Long Answer Type Questions 1. Explain some important safety rules o prevent slips and falls in the workplace. Make sure walkways, hallways, and work areas are free of clutter, equipment, or objects that could trip people. Ensure that the workplace is well-ventilated and well-lit so that employees can see where they are walking. Employees should wear appropriate footwear that provides good traction andisslip-resistant. Explain the term: Emergency situation. ‘An emergency situation is one that: + Poses risks to the safety of employees, customers, or the general public. + Causes interruptions or closures in the regular operations thereby causing financial losses and operational disruptions. + Resultsin harm to the physical environment or infrastructure. Give a checklist for workstations to minimize the hazards. INCERT] ‘The workstation should— + Ensure ample space for users to comfortably switch positions. + Provide proper lighting, + Have windows with adjustable coverings to regulate sunlight. + Ensure shared workstations accommodate multiple users comfortably. Dd Try It Yourself 7% Give any two electrical safety rulesin any organization. [CBSE] ‘Write any two ways in which accidents can be handled, Assertion (A) : Itis essential to provide first aid to the injured person, Reason (R) : Firstaid minimizes the health loss tll proper medical aid is provided. (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) isnot the correct explanation of (A). (c)_ (A)iscorrect but (R) isin correct. (d) (A)isincorrectbut (R) is correct. Give any four points about a healthy lifestyle. [CBSE] A stressed worker will always perform to the best of his ability, (True/False) Which kind of hazards can occur in IT industry? (a) Biological (b) Chemical (c) Physical (d) Exgonomic A worker will always perform to the post to his ability [CBSE] (a) fastworking (b) highly educated (c) happyandhealthy (d) stressed Make sure that the electrical equipment you use is approved and byarecognized organization. Actof terrorism is an example of disaster. It is crucial for everyone to prioritize waiting until the disabled person's buddy reaches for help before assisting them, What are hazards? In the context of ensuring safety during evacuations for individuals with special needs or disabilities, what is the term used to describe a system in which designated individuals help and guide those who require help to reach the assembly point safely? emcee1, Draw the signboards of the following: » (a) Wetfloor (b) Cleaningin progress () Nosmoking (d) Warningsign (e) Assembly point Sol. No swoxns Wet floor | Cleaningin | No smoking | Waring sign | Assembly point progress 2. Prepare a poster to list how to handle accident at workplace. Sol. HANDLE ACCIDENTS AT WORKPLACE Assess the Situation: Evaluate the scene to determine the severity of the accident and any immediate dangers. Ensure Safety: Prioritize the safety of everyone involved. If there are ongoing hazards, such as fire or electrical hazards, ensure that the area is safe before proceeding, Provide First Aid: Ifsomeone is injured, administer first aid if you are trained to do so. Ifthe injuries are severe, call for emergency medical assistance immediately. Report the Accident: Notify your supervisor or manager about the accident as soon as possible. Provide details about what happened, who was involved, and any injuries sustained. Document the Incident: Record the details of the accident, including the date, time, location, and circumstances surrounding the event. This documentation may be necessary for insurance claims or investigations. Investigate the Root Cause: Conduct a thorough investigation to determine why the accident occurred and what steps can be taken to prevent similar incidents in the future. Provide Support: Offer support to those affected by the accident, including emotional support for anyone who may be traumatized by the event. Review and Improve Safety Procedures: Use the information gathered from the accident investigation to review and improve safety procedures and protocols in the workplace. 3. Enlist at least five Emergency Evacuation Procedures and Guidelines. (a) Leave the premises immediately and head towards the nearest emergency exit. The evacuation routes ‘mentioned in the floor plan will help you find the nearest exit (b) Assist individuals with disabilities in reaching the emergency exitif possible. Do not wait until their buddy reaches forhelp. (c) You can take your handheld belongings with you as you move toward the emergency exit. However, do notreturn to retrieve them unless the area is declared safe. (d) Avoid using escalators or elevators (lifts) to prevent overcrowding and the risk of getting trapped in case ofa power failure. Use the stairs instead. (e) Proceed to the emergency assembly area/point. Check if any of your colleagues are missing and promptly inform the relevant authorities or individuals.