ACIDS, BASES
AND
SALTS
SUBMITTED TO :- SUBMITTED BY:-
Gauran Sharma Name:- Harshdeep Kaur
Class:- 10th (A)
Roll no. 5
Acid Definition:-
Acids are substances that dissociate in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+).
Acids have PH value of 0-6.
Examples:
HCl is an acid: HCl(aq) H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
H2SO4 is an acid H2SO4(aq) H2+ (aq) + SO4-(g)
Base Definition:-
Bases are substances that dissociate to produce hydroxide ions (OH -).
Bases have PH value of 8-14.
Examples:-
NaOH is a base: NaOH(aq) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ca(OH)2 is a base: Ca(OH)2 Ca+ +OH2-
Salt Definition :-
salts are the ionic products when an acid reacts with a base and neutralizes. In the
solid form, salts have a neutral charge. They become ions when dissolved in
water.
Examples:- Sodium Chloride
Ammonium Dichlorate
Magnesium Sulfate
Sodium Bicarbonate
Properties of acids :-
• Form hydrogen ions (H+ or protons) in solution Form hydronium (a water
molecule bonded to a hydrogen ion shown as H3O+ or H+. H2O) ions in aqueous
solution.
• Have a low pH (below 7).
• Neutralize bases to form water and a salt.
• Have a sour taste.
• Cause indicators to change color.
• Are electrolytes (are ionic in nature).
• React with many metals to produce hydrogen gas (single replacement
reaction).
Properties of bases:-
• Form hydroxyl ions (OH-) in solution.
• Have a high pH (above 7).
• Neutralize acids to form water and a salt.
• Have a bitter taste.
• Feel slippery.
• Cause indicators to change color.
• Are electrolytes (are ionic in nature)
Properties of Salts:-
salt is an ionic compound as it is composed of two oppositely charged ions
such as sodium chloride.
Due to presence of ions, salts are ionic in nature
Salts are crystalline, hard and brittle solids.
Due to presence of ions, they are good conductor of heat and electricity in
molten state and in solutions.
Salts are ionic compounds therefore they show ionic reactions which occur
quickly and usually exothermic in nature.
Salts have neutral pH value 7.
pH Scale :-
pH Scale is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous
[Link] has a value from 0 upto 14.
Red = acidic region
Blue = basic region
Measurement of pH:-
pH of a solution is measured using pH indicators. pH indicators are substances
that changes colour when in contact with acidic, basic or neutral solutions.
Let us discuss some pH measurement methods.
Requirements:- pH paper, solution whose pH is to be determined.
Procedure:- pH paper is a strip of special paper that is prepared by dipping the
strip in different chemical compounds and then drying it. It can be used to find
the approximate pH of any solution. These paper changes colour when immersed
in acidic or basic solutions. To determine the pH, the pH paper is dipped in a given
sample solution and the colour developed in the paper is compared with the
colour chart and the approximate pH of the solution can be identified. It is
commerically available as test papers.
pH paper
Chemical properties of Acid and base
Acids Reaction with Metals:-
Acids react with most metals to form a salt and hydrogen [Link] that are more
active than acids can undergo a single diplacement reaction.
For example, zinc metal reacts with hydrochloric acid producing zinc chloride and
hydrogen gas.
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g).
Alkaline or base Reaction with Metals:-
Bases react with certain metals like zinc or aluminum for example to also produce
hydrogen gas. Sodium hydroxide reacts with zinc and water to form sodium zincate and
hydrogen gas.
Zn(s) + 2NaOH (aq) + 2H2O(l) → Na2Zn(OH)4(aq) + H2 (g).
Neutralization Reactions:-
When an acid and a base are combined, water and a salt are the products. Salts
are ionic compounds containing a positive ion other than H+ and a negative ion
other than the hydroxide ion, OH-. Double displacement reactions of this type are
called neutralization reactions. We can write an expanded version of this
equation, with aqueous substances written in their longer form:
HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)→NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)
H+(aq)+OH−(aq)→H2O(l)
