PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 1
Q3
Prepared by: Jason F. De la Cruz
Lesson 1
Importance of
Research in Daily Life
Objectives:
a. define what is research
(CS_RS11-IIIa-1);
b. give the importance of
research in daily life (CS_RS11-
IIIa-2);
Directions: Complete the concept map by writing words
associated with the middle word.
What is Research
❑ Research is an organized investigation and study
of materials and sources to create facts and reach
new inferences.
❑ Research has come up with developing
appropriate solutions to improve the individual’s
quality of life.
❑ Scientific research is universally a systematic and
objective search for reliable knowledge
(Walker,2010).
❑Research is a verified approach of
thinking and employing legalized
instruments and steps to obtain a
more adequate solution to a
problem that is otherwise impossible
to address under ordinary means
(Crawford, as cited by Alcantara &
Espina, 1995).
Research can be categorized
into two:
1.Basic Research
2.Applied Research
1. Basic Research.
❑This is the type of research that is a
purely direct application but
increasing the nature of
understanding about the problem.
➢ Also known as pure or fundamental research,
focuses on gaining knowledge and understanding
of fundamental principles and theories without
immediate practical applications.
Examples:
1. Medicine-understanding the
immune system’s response to
pathogens
2. Psychology- examining how
memory works in the human
brain
2. Applied Research.
❑ It is a type of research that
needs an answer to a
specific question.
➢ It provides solutions and validation in
order to apply to the real setting.
Checking of
Activity 1
Lesson 2
Formulating
Recommendations Based
on Conclusions
Objective:
c. enumerate the characteristics,
processes, and ethics of
research (CS_RS11- IIIa-3);
Directions: Write possible steps/processes in
the given situations below.
1. To fry a chicken. 2. To go to school.
a. a.
b. b.
c. c.
In the activity above, you have learned the
processes/ steps on some given situations.
This time, you will be learning more about
research.
CHARACTERISTICS,
PROCESSES, AND
ETHICS IN RESEARCH
Prieto, et.al. (2017) stated that the following
are the major characteristics of research:
1. EMPIRICAL - is based on observations and
experiments of theories.
2. SYSTEMATIC - follows orderly and
sequential procedures, based on valid
procedures and principles.
3. CONTROLLED - In research, all variables,
except those that are tested/
experimented on, are kept constant.
4. EMPLOYS HYPOTHESIS - refers to a
search for facts, answers to questions and
solutions to problems.
5. ANALYTICAL - shows analytical
procedures in gathering the data, whether
historical, descriptive, and or case study.
6. OBJECTIVE - it is unbiased and logical.
All findings are logically based on real-life
situations.
7. ORIGINAL WORK - it requires its own examination
and produces the data needed to
complete the study.
Prieto, et.al. (2017) also added that the following
are involved in the Research Processes:
1. DEFINE RESEARCH PROBLEM: What is the
problem?
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE: What
evidence is already presented?
3. FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS: How are we going
to find/look for the answer to questions being
studied?
4. RESEARCH DESIGN: Where will the study be
shown and with what population?
5. COLLECTING DATA: Are we ready
to gather the data? Where do we find
the data?
6. ANALYZING DATA: How do the data
answer the research queries?
7. INTERPRET AND REPORT: What
are the implications of the results?
Significance of
Ethical Norms in
Conducting
Research
(Resnik, 2007)
First, ethics promotes
the pursuit of
knowledge, truth, and
credibility. It also
Lastly, an ethical norm fosters values that are
in research also needs essential to
public awareness. This collaborative work.
can be evaluated by the Second, ethical
researcher before
conducting the study
Ethical norms help
individuals to be
because this may help a
certain population in an
area once the study is
Norms accountable in every
act that the
researcher/s
completed. Third, undertake.
ensure that
researchers
are held
accountable
to the public .
Ethical Codes and
Policies for
Research
(Resnik, 2007)
Maintain all communication. Data
Honesty
should not be faked.
Avoid biases in experimental
designs, data analysis,
Objectivity
interpretation, expert testimony, and
other aspects of research.
Share data, results, ideas and tools.
Openness
Be open to criticism and new ideas.
Confidentiality - Protect confidential
communication.
Responsible Publication - Avoid duplicating
publications.
Responsible Mentoring - Help to educate,
mentor, and advise others.
Respect Colleagues - Treat all peers fairly.
Social Responsibility - Strive to promote
social good. Avoid social harm.
Non- Discrimination - Avoid discrimination
against colleagues or students on the basis
of sex, races, ethnicity, and or others.
Legality - Be informed and obey relevant
laws and institutional governmental policies.
Respect of Intellectual
Property - Give proper
acknowledgment or credits to all
researchers.
Human Subject - Minimize risks
that involve human lives, dignity,
and privacy.
Lesson 3
QUANTITATIVE and
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Objective:
d. differentiate Quantitative from
Qualitative Research (CS_RS11-
IIIa-4);
Quantitative and Qualitative Research (Cristobal & Cristobal, 2017)
KINDS OF RESEARCH
QUANTITATIVE VERSUS QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
There are two categories of research methodology:
1. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH - is a positivist
scientific method which refers to a general set of
orderly discipline procedures to acquire information
(Beck, 2004).
❑ Mostly, it is concerned with numbers and
measurement. (Numerical data analyzed by
statistical analysis)
KINDS OF RESEARCH
QUANTITATIVE VERSUS QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
There are two categories of research methodology:
2. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH - is defined as the
“naturalistic method of research which deals with
the concern of human difficulty by discovering it
straightly.” (Beck, 2004)
❑ It is concerned with the experiences,
understanding and words of the individual.
(descriptive, in-depth and holistic data analyzed by summarizing,
categorizing and interpreting)
What is the difference
between qualitative and
quantitative
research?
Quantitative Research: Focuses on numerical data
that can be measured, quantified, and analyzed
statistically.
Example: Survey responses rated on a scale, test
scores, sales figures.
Qualitative Research: Focuses on non-numerical
data, such as words, images, or observations, to
explore concepts, experiences, or perceptions.
Example: Interview transcripts, focus group
discussions, field notes.
Differences between Quantitative
and Qualitative Research as cited by
Cristobal & Cristobal (2017) from
the Social Science Research
Extension Institute (SSREI),
University of the Philippines (UP)-
Baguio (2009).
Here is a simple example on how you can apply two
methods differently on the same research question,
“How satisfied are students with their studies?”
Lesson 4
KINDS OF RESEARCH
ACROSS FIELDS
Objective:
e. provide examples of
research in the area of
interest (CS_RS11-IIIa-5).
QUIZ
1. It is a systematic inquiry that
describes, explains, predicts,
and controls the observed
phenomenon.
A. Research C. Thesis
B. Action Plan D. Case Study
2. It is a process of naturalistic inquiry
that seeks an in-depth understanding
of social phenomena within their
natural setting.
A. Qualitative Research
B. Quantitative Research
C. Variables
D. Hypothesis
3. It is a structured way of
collecting and analyzing data
obtained from different sources.
A. Hypothesis
B. Quantitative Research
C. Variables
D. Qualitative Research
4. It is a process that answers
what is the problem and why it
should be studied.
A. Formulating Hypothesis
B. Review of Related Literature
C. Identifying Problems
D. Analyzing the Data
5. It is a process that answers
what the finding is in relation to
the hypothesis.
A. Drawing conclusion
B. Data Analysis
C. Interpreting Data
D. Formulating Hypothesis
6. It is a process that answers
what information is already
available.
A. Review of Related Literature
B. Sampling
C. Interpreting Data
D. Data Analysis
7. It is a process that answers
how to identify or select your
respondents.
A. Sampling
B. Data Analysis
C. Review of Related Literature
D. Interpreting Data
8. It is a characteristic of
research that is based on direct
experience or observation by
the researcher.
A. Objective C. Controlled
B. Systematic D. Empirical
9. It is a characteristic of a
research that follows orderly and
sequential procedures, based on
valid procedure and principle.
A. Systematic C. Original Work
B. Objective D. Analytical
10. It is a characteristic of
research that is unbiased and
logical.
A. Objective C. Analytica
B. Original Work D. Empirical
11. It is a characteristic of research
that searches for facts, answers
question and solves problems.
A. Systematic
B. Employs Hypothesis
C. Objective
D. Empirical
12. It is an ethics of research
which keeps promises and
agreements.
A. Honesty
B. Objectivity
C. Integrity
D. Openness
13. It is an ethics of research that
gives proper acknowledgment or
credit to all researchers.
A. Intellectual Property
B. Responsible Mentoring
C. Social Responsible
D. Confidentiality
14. This type of research is a purely
direct application but expanding the
nature of understanding about the
problem.
A. Applied Research
B. Case Study
C. Thesis
D. Basic Research
15. It is a type of research that needs
to answer a specific question. It
teaches and provides validation in
order to apply to the real setting.
A. Applied Research
B. Case Study
C. Thesis
D. Basic Research
