Jamia Millia Islamia
A Central University
CS-101:Fundamentals
of Computing
Mr. Hannan Mansoor
Department of Computer Engineering,
FET, JMI
2 Unit 2:
INTRODUCTION TO C PROGRAMMING
Algorithms, decision controls,
flow chart, if and else, conditional operator
The C character set, for loop, while loop and do-while
loop,
constants,
switch case
variable,
user defined functions,
keywords,
call by value and by reference,
operator and
array
Expressions.
single dimensional,
2D matrix, multidimensional arrays.
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Decision Control and Branching
if, if-else
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4 Decision Making
The statements of a C program normally executes sequentially in the order in
which they appear.
There are time when we need to change the execution of program based on some
conditions.
C language possess decision making capabilities and supports the following
statements known as control or decision making statements:
I. if statement
II. switch statement
III. conditional control statement
IV. goto statement
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5 If statement
The keyword “if” tells the compiler that the code followed after it is a decision
control instruction.
if( expression/condition)
execute the statement;
Generally we express a condition using C’s ‘relational’ operators
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6 Control flow- flow chart
if condition is “false”.
Condition
if condition is “true”.
Conditional
Code/statement
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7 P5_Control_ifstatement1
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8 P5_Control_ifstatement2
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9 P5_Control_ifstatement2 : another output
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10 P5_Control_ifstatement3
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11 P5_Control_ifstatement4
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12 P5_Control_ifstatement5
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13 Control flow : if-else
if condition is “false”.
Condition
if condition is “true”.
Conditional else
Code/statement code
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14 P5_Control_ifstatement6
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15 P5_Control_ifstatement7: Program to check
whether the given no is odd or even
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16 P5_Control_ifstatement8_Largestof2no
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17 P5_Control_ifstatement8_Largestof3nob
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20 P5_Control_ifstatement8_dividedbyzero: Program to
divide the first number by the second.
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21 P5_Control_ifstatement_9_largestof3no
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22 Else if
if(condition 1 )
Conditional statement 1
else if(condition 2)
Conditional statement 2
else if(condition 3)
Conditional statement 3
else
statement 4
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23 P5_Control_elseif_9_largestof3no
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24 P5_Control_ifstatement7
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25 P5_Control_ifstatement8_dividedbyzero
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Switch statement in C
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27 Switch
C has a built-in multi-way decision statement known as switch.
The control statement that allows us to make a decision from the number of
choices is called a switch.
The switch statement tests the value of a given variable (or expression) against
list of case values and when a match is found, a block of statement with that case
is executed.
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The general form of the switch statement is as shown below:
switch(input)
{
case 1: statement1;
case 2: statement2;
}
The expression is an integer expression or characters.
Value-1, value2,….. are constants or constant expressions (evaluable to an
integral constant) and are known as case labels.
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30 P6_switch_1
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31 P6_switch_1
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32 P6_switch_2weekday
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Case 0,1,2 can be written. Only integers are allowed.
If conditions then use constants.
Case need not be contiguous.
Using default is optimal.
“default” can be input put anywhere in switch. (i.e. start, middle, last).
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34 P6_switch_3calculator
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36 WAP in C for finding the largest number using
switch case
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37 WAP in C for finding the largest number using
switch case - Output
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38 Reference Books
Thareja, R. Computer Fundamentals & Programming in C”, Oxford University
Press
Kamthane, A. N. (2011). Programming in C, 2/e. Pearson Education India.
Doja, M. N. (2005). Fundamentals of Computers and Information Technology
Yashwant, K. Let us C. 8th edition, BPB publication.
Balagurusamy, E. (2012). programming in ANSI C. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
Ritchie, D. M., Kernighan, B. W., & Lesk, M. E. (1988). The C programming
language. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
Herbert Schildt C-The Complete Reference., Tata McGraw Hill Edition
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Thank You
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