Defends a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable
arguments supported by properly cited factual evidences
(ANGELICA)
INTRODUCTION
“It's important to have strong arguments and not just say "because I think so" when you
want to defend your point of view. This module will teach you how to build those strong
arguments, identify false logic, and use real evidence to back up your claims. You'll also
get to participate in bigger debates, which is pretty cool! You've got this!”
HEART AND MIND
““Which would you follow, the decision that your mind is saying or the choice that your
heart is dictating?”
In this case whichever your choice, you have to defend it with reasonable arguments
and factual evidences.”
LOGICAL FALLACIES
“As a critical thinker you have to identify and examine fallacies and manipulative
language. It is therefore important that you know some of the common fallacies.”
(JUNIS)
False Dilemma:
“A false dilemma is a trick argument that makes you think you only have two choices,
when really there are lots of other possibilities. It's like being told you can only eat
apples or oranges when there's a whole fruit stand to choose from!”
Appeal to Ignorance:
“An appeal to ignorance is a sneaky way to make you believe something is true simply
because nobody has proven it wrong. It's like saying "There must be aliens because
nobody has proven they don't exist!" This isn't good logic - just because we don't have
proof doesn't mean something is true.”
Slippery Slope:
“A slippery slope argument claims that one small action will inevitably lead to a series of
increasingly bad consequences. It's like saying, "If you eat one cookie, you'll eat the
whole box, then you'll get fat, then you'll get sick, then you'll die!" This type of argument
is often exaggerated and doesn't consider all the possible outcomes.”
Complex Question:
“A complex question is like a trick question that bundles two things together and makes
you choose between them, even though you might only agree with one. It's like being
asked "Do you still cheat on tests, or are you finally going to be honest?" You're forced
to answer yes or no, even if you only agree with being honest! This is a way to make
you look bad, even if you're only trying to be honest.”
Appeal to Force:
“An appeal to force is when someone tries to make you agree with them by threatening
you instead of using logic. It's like saying "You better agree with me, or else!" This isn't a
real argument because it doesn't use reason to convince you. It just tries to bully you
into agreeing.”
Appeal to Pity:
“An appeal to pity is when someone tries to get you to agree with them by making you
feel sorry for them, instead of giving you good reasons. It's like saying "Please let me
pass the test, I've been having a really bad week!" This isn't a good argument because it
doesn't address the actual issue at hand. It just tries to manipulate your emotions.”
Appeal to Consequences: Occurs when unpleasant consequences of believing something are
pointed out to show that the belief is false.
