1.

Define physiological disorders and cite some examples of it in

vegetable crops.
Physiological disorders in vegetable crops are abnormalities caused
by environmental factors, nutrient imbalances, or other non-
pathogenic influences, rather than diseases caused by pathogens
(fungi, bacteria, viruses).
The examples are: -
 Tomato – Blossom End Rot/Blotchy Ripening.
 Cabbage – Tip Burn.
 Cucumber – Fruit Cracking.
 Radish – Pithy Stem.
 Potatoes and Carrots – Internal Browning.
 Chili – Sunscald.
 Celery – Black Heart.

2. Explain the climatic parameters for successful cultivation of brinjal.

Successful cultivation of brinjal (eggplant) requires careful attention to
several climatic parameters.
 Temperature – 20-30 °C (68°F to 86°F).
 Humidity – 50-70%.
 Rainfall – 600-800mm.
 Sunlight - 6-8 hrs. of direct sunlight.
 Sensitive to frost.
 pH level – 5.5-7.0.
 Well drained, loamy soil rich in organic matter is ideal.

3. What are the different advantages of kitchen garden?

Creating a kitchen garden offers numerous advantages, both
practical and personal.
 Homegrown vegetables and herbs are often fresher and more
flavorful than market vegetables.
 Diverse range of variety of crops of our preferences.
 Fresh vegetables rich in vitamin, minerals and anti-oxidants.
  Lowers the cost of purchasing produce, especially in urban
areas where prices are high.
 Promote sustainable practices such as composting.

4. What is market garden?

A market garden is a type of agricultural enterprise that focuses on
producing a variety of vegetables, fruits, herbs, and flowers for sale,
typically in local or regional markets. These gardens can vary in size
but are often smaller than traditional farms and are designed to
provide high-quality vegetables. Main characteristics are:
 Diverse crops for year-round production.
 Intensive cultivation such as raised beds and crop rotation.
 Sustainable practices.
 Promote awareness of local agriculture.

5. Distinguish between Determinate growth habit of tomato and

Indeterminate growth habit of tomato.
Determinate Growth Habit:
 Determinate tomatoes grow to a certain height (usually 3 to 4
feet) and then stop growing.
 Tend to produce their fruits over a short period. Inflorescence
occurs at every internode.
 Minimal pruning is needed since the plant has a bushy growth
habit.
 Suitable for North-Indian Plains.
 Examples are: Roma, Pusa Sheetal, Punjab Chhuhaura.
Indeterminate Growth Habit:
 Terminal buds ends with a leafy bud and continues its
vegetative growth.
 Fruits develop over a longer period, allowing for a continuous
harvest. Inflorescence occurs at every 3rd internode.
  Requires more pruning and staking or caging to support the
plant as it grows taller.
 Suitable for South-Indian Plains.
 Examples: Pusa Ruby, Arka Saurabh, Best of All, Sioux, Pusa
Divya, Arka Vikas.

6. What is truck garden?

A truck garden is a type of small-scale agricultural operation focused
on growing a variety of vegetables and fruits primarily for local
markets. The term originated in the 19th century and is often
associated with the production of fresh produce that can be quickly
transported ("trucked") to nearby urban areas or markets. The key
characteristics are:
 Diverse range of crops.
 Proximity to markets.
 Small scale farming.
 Fresh production and high-quality vegetables.
 Direct sales to consumers.

7. Explain the climatic parameters for successful cultivation of

tomato.
Successful cultivation of tomato requires careful attention to several
climatic parameters.
 Temperature –Day - 21-28 °C and Night – 15-20 °C.
 Humidity – 40-70%.
 Rainfall – 500-800mm.
 Sunlight - 6-8 hrs. of direct sunlight.
 Sensitive to frost.
 pH level – 6.0-6.8.
 Well drained, loamy soil rich in organic matter is ideal.
8. Explain the role of vegetables as the source of antioxidant.
Vegetables play a significant role as sources of antioxidants, which
are compounds that help protect the body from oxidative stress and
damage caused by free radicals. The contributions are:
 Disease prevention.
 Boosting immune function.
 Vision protection.
 Protect the skin from UV damage and aging.
 Promoting overall well-being.
Examples are: B-carotene, ascorbic acid(Vitamin-C), and a-
tocopherol(Vitamin-E).
9. Classify vegetable crops based on parts used.
Vegetable crops can be classified based on the specific parts of the
plant that are consumed.
 Modified Root – carrot, radish.
 Bulb – onion, garlic.
 Stem – asparagus, celery.
 Leaf – spinach, lettuce.
 Fruit – tomato, cucumber.
 Flower Head – broccoli.
 Seed – peas, corn.

10. Define Home or Kitchen Garden.

A home or kitchen garden is a small-scale garden located near
a residence, designed primarily for growing vegetables, herbs,
and fruits for personal consumption. These gardens can vary in
size and complexity. Key features:
 Accessibility.
 Diverse variety of vegetables and fruits.
 Promote self-sufficiency.
 Serves as a hobby or leisure activity.
 Supports biodiversity.
 Improves air quality around the house.
 Enhance aesthetic appeal of a home.
11. Explain the climatic parameters for successful cultivation
of bhindi.
Successful cultivation of bhindi requires careful attention to several
climatic parameters.
 Temperature – 25-35 °C (77°F to 95°F).
 Humidity – 40-70%.
 Rainfall – 600-800mm.
 Sunlight - 6-8 hrs. of direct sunlight.
 Sensitive to frost.
 pH level – 6.0-7.0.
 Well drained, loamy to sandy soils are best.

12. Name few important introduced varieties of tomato.

 Roma.
 Labonita.
 Marvel.
 Sioux.
 Best of All.
 Tip Top.
 Money Maker.
 Agethe.
 Marglobe.

13. Name 5 different Private Sector Hybrids of tomato along

with their source.
 Rupali – Indo-America Hybrid Seed Company.
 Sheetal - Indo-America Hybrid Seed Company.
 Avinash-2 – Novartis.
 Sonali – Machyo.
 Samridhi – Machyo.

14. Distinguish between hot pepper and sweet pepper.