AIM To study the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction con, i" cor moves UF moves Sows B con© INTRODUCTION Electro Magnet: An electromagnet is a eype of magnet in which the magnecie field is produced by electric current. The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off. Luduction: Ti conduetor ia a changing magnetic field is ealled induction. is process of gonecaring current in a conductor by placing the Electromacmetic Inductios Electromagnetic induction is che production of a potential difference (voltage) acr field. Electromagnetic induction is when an electromagnetic field causes a conductor when its exposed to a varying magnetic molecule in another object co flow, Induction can produce electricity (in coils), heat (in ferrous metals), or waves (in a radio transmitter), Finally, ic is refers to che phenomenon where an emf is induced when the magnetie flux linking a condueror change. Maanetic Flux is defined as the product of the magnetic flux density and the area nermal to the Feld through which the field is passing, Ic is a scalar quantity and its $.I. anit is the weber (Wb). p=BAaPrinciple: - Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just induction) is a process where a conduccor placed in a changing magnetic field (or a conductor meving through a stationary magnetic field) causes the production of a voltage across the conductor. This process of electromagnetic induction, in turn, catses an electrical cutrent -- it is said to induce che current,© THEORY avout Michael Faraday is generally credited wich the discovery of induction in 1831 though it may have been anticipated by the work of Francesco Zantedeschi in 1829. Around 1830 to 1832, Joseph Henry made a similar discovery, bur did net publish his findings uuneil laces, eed oN, If mngnecic flux chrough a coil is altered then an Ean. will be generated in the coil. This effect was first ebserved and explained by raday between 1825 and 1831. Faraday discovered that an em.£ could be generated either by, Ampere and Ea (@ moving the coil or the source of flux relative to cach other or by © changing the magnitude of the source of “magnetic flux in some way. Note that the emf. is only produced while che flux és changing. Law: - When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic Flue according to Faraday's Lav, che polarity of the induced emf is such that it produces a current whose magnetic field opposes the change which produces it, The incluced magnetic fleld inside any loop of wire always acts co keep che magnetic flux in the loop constant. In the examples below, if the B field is increasing, the induced field aces in opposition to ie. ce lD:Applications of electromagnetic Tnduction - The EME generated by Faraday's law of induction due co relative movement of a circuit and a magnetic field is the phenomenon underlying electrical generators, When a permanent magnet is maved rela vice versa, an. electromotive farce is created. If the wire is connected chreugh an elcetrical load, current will floty, and chus electrical energy is generaced, converting the mechanical energy of motion te clectrical energy ve toa conductor, ot ‘The EME predicted by Earaday's law is also responsible for electrical transformers. When the electvic cuseent in a loop off wite changes, the changing current creates a changing magnetic field, A second svire in coach of this magnetic field will experience this change i magnetic field sa change in its conpled magnetic flux, dbs / o'r Therefore, an electromative force is set up in the second loop called the induced EME or transformer EME. If che two ends of this loop are connected chrough an electrical load, currene will flow, Transformer Is ef Secondary Circut CitcuiFaraday's Experimen ¥ One of the scientists Faraday performed series of experiments and based on the results he gave law on induction. ¥ He introduced the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. ¥ Induction means to induce ot to generate something. ¥ Electromagnetic Induction means production of electric current due to magnetic field. ¥ Magnetic field is capable of producing current in a conductor ¥ Paraday took a coil and attached a galvanometer to it. ~ As there is no bartery attached therefore there is no source of current, ~ He brought che magnet near the coil. ¥ When the magnet is moved towards the coil galvanometer showed deflection. ~ Galvanometer even showed the deflection in the opposite direction when the magnet is taken away from the coil. ¥ When magnet was not moved chete was no deflection in che galyanometer. This show curtent is telated to magnet. © Faster the magnet is moved the mare is the deflection in the galvanometer. This showed more and more current flews if the magnet is moved very fase. ¥ Same effect was observed if the coil is moved and the magnet was not moved.Materials Required: Magnetic bar, a galvanometer, coil and connecting wires. Procedure: - I. Take a coil of wire having a large number of turns. 2. Connect the end of the cail to a galvanameter. 3. Take a strong bar magnet and move its north pole into the coil and observe the changes in the galvanometer needle. 4. Repeat earlier step with the south pole of the bar magnet. 5. Now repeat che procedure with the coil having a different number of curns and the variation in the deflection of the galyanometer needle. Observations: - T, When we move the magnet in or out of the coil, the needle of galvanometer gets deflected in different dixections. 2, When we insert the north pole (N) of bar magnet into the coil, the deflection is towards right. 3. When we insert the south pole (S) of bar magnee into the coil, the deflection is towards left. 4, When we move the bar magnet in or out of the coil wich varying speed, the speed of deflection changes accordingly.5. As we increase the number of turns in the coil, the deflection increases. 6. Relative motion between magnet and coil induced electric current in the coil, Seen ino pangoe cs a ced ftoosis ed are peat ‘towards left Sas a} : aries Cnc bree Gio Dreier) praetrtastad‘Wooden Cylinder Galvanometer The pointer of the galvanometer deflects towards the right when the north Pree MU A Uo CC ee ete LoteFee ce ce ea ca Ca ce Se CO REC ud ei ad ers Wooden eieder n Gatvanometer Ru em Rl ee i a Res tor Cli Tete RR Cu am ee RC Umea Dk esaResults - L. The deflection of galvanometer needle indicates the presence of current in the coil. 2. The direction of deflection gives the direction of flow of current. 3. The speed of deflection gives the rate at which the current is induced. 4. The deflection in galvanomerer changes with the change in number of earns in che coil - more che number of turns in che coil greater is the deflection. CONCLUSION From this experiment, Faraday concluded chat whenever there is relative motion beeween a conductor and a magnetic field, the flux linkage with a coil changes and this change in flux induces a voltage across a coil,@ BIBLOGRAPHY ® Physics Neere book for class XI Zz, @ [Link] ® Google Search Engine ® [Link]