Module -2
Time-Domain Representations for LTI Systems
SYLLABUS
• Time-Domain Representations for LTI Systems: Convolution, impulse response,
properties, solution of differential and difference equations, block diagram
representation
Introduction:
• The Linear time invariant (LTI) systems are the Systems which satisfy the
condition of linearity as well as time invariance are known as linear time
invariant systems.
The Input and output of LTI systems are represented by:
i) Convolution
ii) Differential equation
iii) Block diagram
iii) Impulse response
Discrete convolution sum
Consider a discrete time LTI system subjected to an arbitrary input signal x(n).
The arbitrary input signal x(n) can be expressed as a linear combination of time
shifted input impulses.
x(n) = ∑ ( ) ( )
Let the overall operator of the system be ‘H’
Let h(n) be the responses or the output of the system when is subjected to a unit
impulse input.
Let y(n) be the output of the system.
Response of the system is given by
Y(n) = H[x(n)]
Subistituting this in equation 1 we get
y(n) = H [ ∑ ( ) ( )
As the system is linear ‘Σ’ and the system operator ‘H’ can be interchange
Therefore
y(n) = ∑ ( ) ( )
y(n) = ∑ ( ) ( )
y(n) = ∑ ( ) ( )
This equation is known as discrete convolution sum
Problems
1. Find the convolution of the sequence x(n) ={1, 2,-1,-2} and h(n)= {2, 3}
Solution: Given: x(0) =1, x(1) = 2, x(2) = -1 and x(3) = -2
We know that
y(n) = ∑ ( ) ( )
2. Determine the convolution of two sequences
x(n) ={1, 2, 3,4} and h(n)= {1 , 5, 1 }
Solution: X(-1) =1 , x(0)= 2, x(1) =3 , x(2) =4
h(-1) =1 , h(0) =5 , h(1) =1
Length= 4+ 3-1 =6 , n ranges from -2 , -1,0, 1,2,3
3. Perform the convolution of two finite sequences using graphical method with
h(n) ={ 1 2 3} and x(n) = {-1 , 1 , 0, 1, -1}
Solution : x(-2) = -1 , x(-1) =1 x(0) =0 , x(1) = 1 , x(2) =-1
h(- 1) =1 h(0)=2 h(1) =3
Length= 5+ 3-1 =7 n ranges from -3 ,-2,-1,0,1,2,3
Perform the convolution of two finite sequences with
h(n) = u(n) – u(n-10) and x(n) =u(n-2) – u(n-7) .
X(n) = { 0 , 0 ,1, 1, 1 , 1 ,1 }
h(n) = { 1 ,1 , 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 }
N = 7+10 -1 =16
N ranges from 0 to 15
Evaluate y(n) = x(n) * h(n) where x(n) = u(n+2) h(n) = u(n-1)
