SPECIFICATION FOR QUENCHED AND TEMPERED

ALLOY STEEL BOLTS, STUDS, AND OTHER

EXTERNALLY THREADED FASTENERS
SA-354

(Identical with ASTM Specification A 354-95.)

1. Scope Nut Grade

Grade of Fastener and Surface Finish and StyleA
1.1 This specification covers the chemical and me- BC, plain (or with a coating of insufficient C, heavy hex
chanical requirements of quenched and tempered alloy thickness to require over-tapped nuts)
steel bolts, studs, and other externally threaded fasteners BC, zinc-coated (or with a coating DH, heavy hex
4 in. and under in diameter for application at normal thickness requiring over-tapped nuts)
BD, all finishes DH, heavy hex
atmospheric temperatures, where high strength is re-
quired and for limited application at elevated tempera- A
Nuts of other grades and styles having specified proof load stresses
ture (Note 1). Any alloy steel capable of meeting the (Specification A 563, Table 3) greater than the specified grade and
minimum mechanical and chemical properties set forth style of nut are suitable.
in this specification may be used.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses
NOTE 1 — For bolts, studs, or other externally threaded fasteners, are for information only.
to be used at elevated temperatures, refer to Specification A
193 /A 193M.

1.2 Two levels of bolting strength are covered, 2. Referenced Documents

designated Grades BC and BD. Selection will depend 2.1 ASTM Standards:
upon design and the stresses and service for which the A 153 Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron
product is to be used. and Steel Hardware
A 193 /A 193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stain-
NOTE 2 — Quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts for structural less Steel Bolting Materials for High-Temperature
steel joints up through 11⁄2 in. in diameter are covered in Specification Service
A 490. Alloy steel bolts, studs, and other externally threaded fasteners
(that is, heavy hex-structural bolts over 11⁄2 in., hex bolts, and anchor
A 490 Specification for Heat-Treated Steel Structural
bolts, and countersunk bolts) exhibiting similar mechanical properties Bolts, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
to bolts conforming to Specification A 490 shall be covered by A 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
Grade BD of this specification. A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
When bolts of Grade BD of this specification are considered for
pretensioned applications in excess of 50% of the bolt tensile strength, Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
the additional requirements of head size, maximum tensile strength, B 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically
nut size and strength, washer hardness, tests, and inspections contained Deposited on Iron and Steel
in Specification A 490 should be carefully considered.
D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
F 436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
1.3 Nuts are covered in Specification A 563. Unless F 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical
otherwise specified, the grade and style of nut for each Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fas-
grade of fastener shall be as follows: teners, Washers, and Rivets

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F 788 /F 788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities temperature and then temperating by reheating to a
of Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series temperature of not less than 800°F (427°C) for Grade
BC and for Grade BD.
2.2 ANSI /ASME Standards:
B1.1 Unified Screw Threads 4.3 When used, suitable hardened washers shall be
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws, Inch Series quenched and tempered (non-carburized) in accordance
with Specification F 436.
2.3 Military Standard:
MIL-STD 105 Single Sampling Plan for Normal In- 4.4 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically De-
spection posited:
4.4.1 When zinc-coated fasteners are required, the
purchaser shall specify the zinc coating process, for
3. Ordering Information
example, hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or no pref-
3.1 Orders for bolts and studs (including nuts and erence.
accessories) under this specification shall include the
4.4.2 When “hot-dip” is specified, the fasteners
following:
shall be zinc coated by the hot-dip process in accordance
3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue. with the requirements of Class C of Specification A 153.
3.1.2 Name of product (that is, bolt or stud). 4.4.3 When mechanically deposited is specified,
the fasteners shall be zinc-coated by the mechanical-
3.1.3 Grade (that is, BC or BD).
deposition process in accordance with the requirements
3.1.4 Quantities (number of pieces by size, includ- of Class 50 of Specification B 695.
ing nuts).
4.4.4 When no preference is specified, the supplier
3.1.5 Size and length. may furnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance
with Specification A 153, Class C or a mechanically
3.1.6 Washers — Specify quantity and size (sepa-
deposited zinc coating in accordance with Specification
rate from bolts) (4.3).
B 695, Class 50. Threaded components (bolts and nuts)
3.1.7 Zinc Coating — When zinc-coated Grade shall be coated by the same zinc-coating process and
BC fasteners are required, specify the zinc-coating the supplier’s option is limited to one process per item
process required, for example hot-dip, mechanically with no mixed processes in a lot.
deposited, or no preference (see 4.4).
NOTE 3 — When the intended application requires that assembled
3.1.8 Other Finishes — Specify other protective tension exceeds 50% of minimum bolt proof load, an anti-galling
lubricant may be needed. Application of such a lubricant to nuts
finish, if required. and a test of the lubricant efficiency are provided in Supplementary
Requirement S1 of Specification A 563 and should be specified
3.1.9 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture when required.
is required.
4.5 Zinc-coated bolts and nuts shall be shipped in
3.1.10 Specify if Certification is required (Sec- the same container unless specifically requested other-
tion 14). wise by the purchaser.
3.1.11 Specify additional testing (Section 9) or NOTE 4 — Research conducted on bolts of similar material and
special requirements. manufacture indicates that hydrogen-stress cracking or stress cracking
corrosion may occur on hot-dip galvanized Grade BD bolts.

4. Materials and Manufacture

5. Chemical Composition
4.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth,
electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process. 5.1 All fasteners shall be made from alloy steel
conforming to the chemical composition requirements
4.2 All fasteners shall be heat-treated. At the option in accordance with Table 1. The steel shall contain
of the manufacturer, heat treatment may be performed on sufficient alloying elements to qualify it as an alloy steel.
the raw material, during the manufacturing operations, or
after final machining. Heat treatment shall consist of NOTE 5 — Steel is considered to be alloy, by the American Iron
and Steel Institute, when the maximum of the range given for the
quenching in a liquid medium (except Grade BD must content of alloying elements exceeds one or more of the following
be quenched in oil) from above the transformation limits: manganese, 1.65 %; silicon, 0.60 %; copper, 0.60 %; or in

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which a definite range or a definite minimum quantity of any of ments shall take precedence in the event that there is
the following elements is specified or required within the limits of the
recognized field of constructional alloy steels: aluminum, chromium up controversy over low readings of hardness tests.
to 3.99 %, cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten,
vanadium, zirconium, or any other alloying elements added to obtain
a desired alloying effect.
7. Dimensions
5.2 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser
from finished material representing each lot of fasteners. 7.1 Bolts — Unless otherwise specified, the bolts
The chemical composition thus determined shall con- shall be Hex Head with dimensions conforming to the
form to the requirements given in Table 1. Choice of latest issue of ANSI /ASME B18.2.1.
alloy steel composition necessary to assure meeting the
specified mechanical requirements shall be made by 7.2 Studs — Studs shall have dimensions conforming
the manufacturer and shall be reported to the purchaser to those specified by the purchaser.
for information purposes only. 7.3 Threads:
5.3 Application of heats of steel to which bismuth, 7.3.1 Unless otherwise specified, threads shall be
selenium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added the Unified National Coarse Thread Series as specified
shall not be permitted. in ANSI B1.1, and shall have Class 2A tolerances.
5.4 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accord-
7.3.2 When specified, threads shall be the Unified
ance with Test Methods A 751.
National Fine Thread Series, 8-Pitch Thread Series for
sizes over 1 in. or 14-Pitch UNS on 1 in. size as specified
in ANSI B1.1 and shall have Class 2A tolerances.
6. Mechanical Properties
7.3.3 Unless otherwise specified, bolts and studs
6.1 Fasteners shall not exceed the maximum hardness to be used with nuts or tapped holes that have been
specified in Table 2. Fasteners less than three diameters tapped oversize, in accordance with Specification A
in length and studs less than four diameters in length 563, shall have Class 2A threads before hot dip or
shall have hardness values not less than the minimum mechanically deposited zinc coating. After zinc coating,
nor more than the maximum hardness limits required the maximum limit of pitch and major diameter may
in Table 2, as hardness is the only requirement. exceed the Class 2A limit by the following amount:
6.2 Fasteners 13⁄8 in. in diameter or less for Grade Oversize Limit,
BC and 11⁄4 in. in diameter or less for Grade BD, Diameter, in. in. (mm)A
other than those excepted in 6.1, shall be tested full 1
⁄4 0.016
size and shall conform to the tensile strength and either 5
⁄16, 3⁄8 0.017
7
the proof load or the yield strength requirements in ⁄16, 1⁄2 0.018
9
accordance with Table 3. ⁄16, 3⁄4 incl 0.020
7
⁄8 0.022
6.3 Fasteners larger than 13⁄8 in. in diameter for 1.0 to 11⁄4 incl 0.024
13⁄8, 11⁄2 0.027
Grade BC and fasteners larger than 11⁄4 in. in diameter
13⁄4 to 4.0 incl 0.050
for Grade BD, other than those excepted in 6.1, shall
preferably be tested full size and when so tested, shall A
These values are the same as the overtapping required for zinc-
conform to the tensile strength and either the proof coated nuts in Specification A 563.
load or yield strength requirements specified in Table
3a or 3b. When equipment of sufficient capacity for 7.3.4 The gaging limit for bolts shall be verified
full-size testing is not available, or when the length during manufacture or use by assembly of a nut tapped
of the fastener makes full-size testing impractical, ma- as nearly as practical to the amount oversize shown.
chined specimens shall be tested and shall conform to In case of dispute, a calibrated thread ring gage of
the requirements of Table 4. In the event that fasteners that same size (Class X tolerance, gage tolerance plus)
are tested by both full-size and by the machined test is to be used. Assembly of the gage, or the nut
specimen methods, the full-size test shall govern if a described, must be possible with hand effort following
controversy between the two methods exists. application of light machine oil to prevent galling and
damage to the gage. These inspections, when performed
6.4 For fasteners on which both hardness and tension to resolve disputes, are to be performed at the frequency
tests are performed, acceptance based on tensile require- and quality in accordance with Table 5.

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8. Workmanship 10. Test Methods

8.1 Surface discontinuity limits shall be in accordance 10.1 Test methods shall be conducted in accordance
with Specification F 788 /F 788M. with Test Methods F 606.

10.2 Proof load, rather than yield strength determina-

tion is preferred and shall be the arbitration method
9. Number of Mechanical Tests for fasteners 11⁄4 in. and under in diameter.

9.1 Testing Responsibility: 10.3 Hexagon bolts shall be tested by the wedge
tension method. Fracture shall be in the body or threads
9.1.1 Each lot shall be tested by the manufacturer of the bolt without any fracture at the junction of the
prior to shipment in accordance with the lot identifica- head and body.
tion control quality assurance plan in 9.2 through 9.6.
10.3.1 At the option of the manufacturer, the yield
9.1.2 When fasteners are furnished by a source strength test (Method 2, Yield Strength paragraph of
other than the manufacturer, the responsible party as Test Method F 606) and the wedge tension test (Wedge
defined in 12.1 shall be responsible for ensuring that Tension Testing of Full-Size Product paragraph, both
all tests have been performed and the fasteners comply from the Test Method section of Test Method F 606)
with the requirements of this specification. may be accomplished concurrently to satisfy 10.2
and 10.3.
9.2 Purpose of Lot Inspection—The purpose of a lot
inspection program is to ensure that each lot conforms to
10.4 Studs and bolts other than those in 10.3 shall
the requirements of this specification. For such a plan
be tested by the axial tension method.
to be fully effective it is essential that secondary
processors, distributors, and purchasers maintain the 10.4.1 At the option of the manufacturer, the
identification and integrity of each lot until the product yield strength test and the axial tension test may be
is installed. accomplished concurrently to satisfy 10.2 and 10.4.
9.3 Lot Processing—All fasteners shall be processed
10.5 The speed of testing determined with a free
in accordance with a lot identification-control quality
running crosshead shall be a maximum of 1⁄8 in. (3.2
assurance plan. The manufacturer, secondary processors, mm) /min for the bolt proof load (or yield strength)
and distributors shall identify and maintain the integrity determination and a maximum of 1 in. (25.4 m) /min
of each lot of fasteners from raw-material selection for the tensile strength determination.
through all processing operations and treatments to final
packing and shipment. Each lot shall be assigned its
own lot-identification number, each lot shall be tested,
and the inspection test reports for each lot shall be
retained. 11. Inspection

9.4 Lot Definition—A lot is a quantity of a uniquely 11.1 If the inspection described in 11.2 is required
identified fastener product of the same nominal size by the purchaser, it shall be specified in the inquiry
and length produced consecutively at the initial opera- and contract or purchase order.
tion from a single mill heat of material and heat
treatment lot and processed at one time, by the same 11.2 The inspector representing the purchaser shall
process, in the same manner so that statistical sampling have free entry to all parts of the manufacturer’s works
is valid. The identity of the lot is maintained throughout that concern the manufacture of the material ordered.
all subsequent operations and packaging. The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reason-
able facilities to satisfy him that the material is being
9.5 Number of Tests—The number of tests from furnished in accordance with this specification. All tests
each lot for each required property shall be in accordance and inspections required by the specification that are
with Table 6. requested by the purchaser’s representative shall be
made before shipment, and shall be conducted as not
9.6 If any test specimen shows defective machining to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the
it may be discarded and another specimen substituted. works.

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12. Responsibility 15. Product Marking

12.1 The party responsible for the fastener shall be 15.1 All products shall be marked with the manufac-
the organization that supplies the fastener to the pur- turer’s or private label distributor’s identification sym-
chaser and certifies that the fastener was manufactured, bol, as appropriate.
sampled, tested and inspected in accordance with this
15.2 Grade BC products shall be marked with the
specification and meets all of its requirements.
grade marking “BC.”
15.3 Grade BD bolts 1⁄4 to 21⁄2 in. diameter shall
13. Rejection and Rehearing be marked with six radial lines 60° apart; and, in
addition may be marked with the grade symbol “BD.”
13.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements Grade BD bolts over 21⁄2 in. diameter, and all sizes
of this specification may be rejected. Rejection should of all other Grade BD products, shall be marked with
be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and the Grade Symbol “BD.”
in writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results
of the test, the producer or supplier may make claim 15.4 Where studs have both coarse and fine threads,
for a rehearing. all marking shall appear on the coarse thread end
or, if preferred, the manufacturer’s or private label
distributor’s identification shall appear on the fine thread
14. Certification end and the grade marking on the coarse thread end.
15.5 Continuous thread studs may be marked on
14.1 When specified on the purchase order, the
manufacturer or supplier, whichever is the responsible either end.
party in accordance with Section 12, shall furnish the 15.6 Bolt heads shall be marked on the top of the head.
purchaser a test report which includes the following:
15.7 All markings may be raised or depressed at
14.1.1 Product description, grade, quantity, ASTM the manufacturer’s option.
Specification Number and issue date.
15.8 Grade and manufacturer’s or private label distrib-
14.1.2 Alloy grade (AISI, SAE, UNS, etc.), heat utor’s identification shall be separate and distinct. The
analysis, and heat number, and type of quench. two identifications shall preferably be in different loca-
tions and when on the same level shall be separated
14.1.3 Results of hardness, tensile, and proof load
by at least two spaces.
tests, as applicable.
14.1.4 Statement of compliance to Protective Coat-
ing Specification (if applicable) and baking time and 16. Packaging and Package Marking
temperature. If not baked state “Not baked”. 16.1 Packaging:
14.1.5 Statement of compliance with the surface 16.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, packaging shall
discontinuity requirements of Specification F 788/F be in accordance with Practice D 3951.
788M.
16.1.2 When special packaging requirements are
14.1.6 Statement of compliance dimensionally. required, they shall be defined at the time of the inquiry
14.1.7 Report, describe, or illustrate manufacturer’s and order.
markings and their location. 16.2 Package Marking:
14.1.8 Lot number, purchase order number, and 16.2.1 Each shipping unit shall include or be
date shipped. plainly marked with the following information:
14.1.9 Country of origin. [Link] ASTM designation and grade.
14.1.10 Title and signature of the individual as- [Link] Size.
signed certification responsibility by the company offi-
cers, with complete mailing address. [Link] Name and brand or trademark of the
manufacturer.
14.2 Failure to include all the required information
on the test report shall be cause for rejection. [Link] Number of pieces.

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[Link] Purchase order number.

[Link] Country of origin.

17. Keywords
17.1 alloy steel; bolts; steel; studs

TABLE 1
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS
Product
Element Heat Analysis, % Analysis, %
Carbon:
For sizes through 11⁄2 in. 0.30 to 0.53 0.28 to 0.55
For sizes larger than 11⁄2 in. 0.35 to 0.53 0.33 to 0.55
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045

TABLE 2
HARDNESS REQUIREMENTS FOR FULL-SIZE
FASTENERS
Hardness

Brinell Rockwell C

Size, in. Grade Min Max Min Max

1 1
⁄4 to 2 ⁄2 BC 255 331 26 36
Over 21⁄2 BC 235 311 22 33
1
⁄4 to 21⁄2 BD 311 363 33 39
Over 21⁄2 BD 293 363 31 39

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TABLE 3A
TENSILE REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL FULL-SIZE FASTENERS — INCH-POUND UNITS
Grade BC Grad BD

Yield Yield
Bolt Threads Stress Tensile Strength Tensile Strength
Size, per Area, A Strength, Proof Load 0.2% offset), Strength, Proof Load (0.2% offset),
in. Inch in.2 min, lbf B min, lbf C min, lbf D min, lbf E min, lbf F min, lbf G
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1
⁄4 20 0.0318 4 000 3 350 3 450 4 750 3 800 4 100
1
⁄4 28 0.0364 4 350 3 100 3 950 5 450 4 350 4 700
5
⁄16 18 0.0524 6 550 5 500 5 700 7 850 6 300 6 800
5
⁄16 24 0.0580 6 950 4 900 6 300 8 700 6 950 7 500
3
⁄8 16 0.0775 9 700 8 150 8 450 11 650 9 300 10 075
3
⁄8 24 0.0878 10 500 7 450 9 550 13 200 10 500 11 400
7
⁄16 14 0.1063 13 300 11 150 11 600 15 950 12 750 13 850
7
⁄16 20 0.1187 14 200 10 100 12 900 17 800 14 200 15 400
1
⁄2 13 0.1419 17 750 14 900 15 450 21 300 17 050 18 500
1
⁄2 20 0.1599 19 200 13 600 17 400 24 000 19 200 20 750
9
⁄16 12 0.182 22 750 19 100 19 850 27 300 21 850 23 600
9
⁄16 18 0.203 24 400 17 300 22 100 30 400 24 400 26 350
5
⁄8 11 0.226 28 250 23 750 24 650 33 900 27 100 29 400
5
⁄8 18 0.256 30 700 21 800 27 900 38 400 30 700 33 250
3
⁄4 10 0.334 41 750 35 050 36 400 50 100 40 100 43 400
3
⁄4 16 0.373 44 800 31 700 40 650 56 000 44 800 48 450
7
⁄8 9 0.462 57 750 48 500 50 350 69 300 55 450 60 100
7
⁄8 14 0.509 61 100 43 300 55 450 76 400 61 100 66 150

1 8 0.606 75 750 63 650 66 050 90 900 72 700 78 800

1 12 0.663 79 600 56 400 72 250 99 400 79 600 86 150
1 14 UNS 0.679 81 500 57 700 74 400 101 900 81 500 88 250
11⁄8 7 0.763 95 400 80 100 83 150 114 450 91 550 99 200
11⁄8 8 0.790 98 750 82 950 86 200 118 500 94 800 102 700
11⁄8 12 0.856 89 900 63 300 93 300 128 400 102 700 111 250
11⁄4 7 0.969 121 150 101 750 105 600 145 350 116 300 126 000
11⁄4 8 1.000 125 000 105 000 109 000 150 000 120 000 130 000
11⁄4 12 1.073 112 700 79 400 116 950 161 000 128 800 139 450
13⁄8 6 1.155 144 400 121 300 125 900 173 250 138 600 150 200
13⁄8 8 1.233 154 150 129 450 134 400 185 000 148 000 160 300
13⁄8 12 1.315 138 100 97 300 143 300 197 200 157 800 170 950
11⁄2 6 1.405 175 650 147 550 153 150 210 750 168 600 182 500
11⁄2 8 1.492 186 500 156 650 162 250 233 800 175 050 194 000
11⁄2 12 1.581 166 000 117 000 172 300 237 200 189 700 205 500
13⁄4 5 1.90 237 500 199 500 207 100 285 000 228 000 247 000
13⁄4 8 2.08 260 000 218 400 226 700 312 000 249 600 270 000

2 41⁄2 2.50 312 500 262 500 272 500 375 000 300 000 325 000
2 8 2.77 346 250 290 850 301 950 415 000 332 400 360 000
21⁄4 41⁄2 3.25 406 250 341 250 354 250 487 000 390 000 422 500
21⁄4 8 3.56 445 000 373 800 388 050 534 000 422 200 462 800
21⁄2 4 4.00 500 000 420 000 436 000 600 000 480 000 520 000
21⁄2 8 4.44 550 000 466 200 483 950 666 000 532 800 577 200
23⁄4 4 4.93 566 950 468 350 488 050 690 200 517 650 566 950
23⁄4 8 5.43 624 450 515 850 537 550 750 200 570 150 624 450

3 4 5.97 686 550 567 150 591 050 835 800 626 850 686 550
3 8 6.51 748 650 618 450 644 500 911 400 683 550 748 650
31⁄4 4 7.10 816 500 674 500 702 900 994 000 745 500 816 500
31⁄4 8 7.69 884 350 730 550 761 300 1 076 600 807 650 884 350
31⁄2 4 8.33 957 950 791 350 824 650 1 166 200 874 650 957 950
31⁄2 8 8.96 1 030 400 851 200 887 050 1 254 400 940 800 1 030 400
33⁄4 4 9.66 1 110 900 917 700 956 350 1 352 400 1 014 300 1 110 900
33⁄4 8 10.34 1 199 100 983 300 1 023 650 1 447 600 1 085 700 1 189 100

4 4 11.08 1 274 200 1 052 600 1 096 900 1 551 200 1 163 400 1 274 200
4 8 11.81 1 358 200 1 122 000 1 169 200 1 653 400 1 240 050 1 358 150
A
Stress Area, in.2 p 0.7854 [D − 0.9743/n]2 where D p nominal diameter in inch and n p threads per inch.
B
Based on 125 000 psi for sizes 1⁄4 to 21⁄2 in., inclusive, and on 115 000 psi for sizes over 21⁄2 to 4 in., inclusive.
C
Based on 105 000 psi for sizes 1⁄4 to 21⁄2 in., inclusive, and on 95 000 psi for sizes over 21⁄2 to 4 in., inclusive.
D
Based on 109 000 psi for sizes 1⁄4 to 21⁄2 in., inclusive, and on 99 000 psi for sizes over 21⁄2 to 4 in., inclusive.
E
Based on 150 000 psi for sizes 1⁄4 to 21⁄2 in., inclusive, and on 140 000 psi for sizes over 21⁄2 to 4 in., inclusive.
F
Based on 120 000 psi for sizes 1⁄4 to 21⁄2 in., inclusive, and on 105 000 psi for sizes over 21⁄2 to 4 in., inclusive.
G
Based on 130 000 psi for sizes 1⁄4 to 21⁄2 in., inclusive, and on 115 000 psi for sizes over 21⁄2 to 4 in., inclusive.

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TABLE 3B
TENSILE REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL FULL-SIZE FASTENERS — SI UNITS
Grade BC Grade BD

Yield Yield
Tensile Strength Tensile Strength
Strength, Proof Load (0.2% offset), Strength, Proof Load (0.2% offset),
Bolt Size, in. Threads per Inch Stress Area, A mm2 min, kN B min, kN C min, kN D min, kN E min, kN F min, kN G
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1
⁄4 20 20.5 17.7 14.9 15.4 21.2 17.0 18.4
1
⁄4 28 23.5 20.2 17.0 17.7 24.3 19.4 21.1
5
⁄16 18 33.8 29.1 24.5 25.4 35.0 28.0 30.3
5
⁄16 24 37.4 32.2 27.1 28.1 38.7 30.9 33.5
3
⁄8 16 50.0 43.1 36.2 37.6 51.7 41.4 44.8
3
⁄8 24 56.6 48.8 41.0 42.6 58.5 46.8 50.7
7
⁄16 14 68.6 59.1 49.6 51.5 70.9 56.7 61.5
7
⁄16 20 76.6 66.0 55.5 57.6 79.2 63.3 68.6
1
⁄2 13 91.5 78.9 66.3 68.8 94.7 75.7 82.1
1
⁄2 20 103 88.8 74.6 77.5 106.5 85.2 92.3
9
⁄16 12 111 101.2 85.0 88.2 121.4 97.1 105.2
9
⁄16 18 131 112.9 94.8 98.5 135.4 108.3 117.4
5
⁄8 11 146 125.7 105.6 109.6 150.8 120.6 130.7
5
⁄8 18 165 142.2 119.5 124.1 170.6 136.5 147.8
3
⁄4 10 215 185.7 156.0 161.9 222.9 178.3 193.1
3
⁄4 16 241 207.7 174.5 181.2 249.2 199.3 215.9
7
⁄8 9 296 256.9 215.8 224.0 308.3 246.6 267.2
7
⁄8 14 328 282.3 237.5 246.6 339.2 271.3 293.9

1 8 391 337.0 283.0 293.8 404.3 323.5 350.4

1 12 428 368.9 309.9 321.8 442.6 354.0 383.5
1 14 UNS 438 377.6 317.1 329.4 452.9 362.2 392.4
11⁄8 7 492 424.2 356.4 369.9 509.1 407.3 441.2
11⁄8 8 510 439.3 369.0 383.0 527.1 421.7 456.8
11⁄8 12 552 475.8 399.6 415.1 570.8 456.5 494.6
11⁄4 7 625 538.8 452.6 469.8 646.5 517.2 560.3
11⁄4 8 645 556.0 467.1 484.9 667.2 533.8 578.3
11⁄4 12 692 596.5 501.0 520.4 715.5 572.3 620.0
13⁄8 6 745 642.2 539.5 560.0 770.7 616.5 667.9
13⁄8 8 795 685.6 575.9 597.8 822.7 658.2 713.0
13⁄8 12 848 731.0 614.0 637.7 876.8 701.3 759.8
11⁄2 6 906 781.2 656.2 681.2 937.5 750.0 812.5
11⁄2 8 963 829.6 696.9 723.4 995.5 796.4 862.8
11⁄2 12 1020 879.2 738.5 767.0 1054.7 843.5 913.9
13⁄4 5 1226 1056 887.4 921.2 1268 1014 1099
13⁄4 8 1342 1157 971.5 1009 1388 1110 1203

2 41⁄2 1613 1390 1168 1212 1668 1334 1446

2 8 1787 1540 1294 1343 1848 1479 1602
21⁄4 41⁄2 2097 1807 1518 1576 2169 1735 1879
21⁄4 8 2297 1979 1663 1726 2375 1900 2059
21⁄2 4 2581 2224 1868 1939 2669 2135 2313
21⁄2 8 2865 2469 2074 2153 2963 2370 2568
23⁄4 4 3181 2741 2303 2390 3289 2632 2851
23⁄4 8 3503 3019 2536 2633 3623 2898 3140

3 4 3852 3319 2788 2895 3983 3187 3452

3 8 4200 3620 3041 3156 4344 3475 3765
31⁄4 4 4581 3948 3316 3442 4737 3790 4106
31⁄4 8 4961 4276 3592 3729 5131 4105 4447
31⁄2 4 5374 4632 3891 4039 5558 4446 4817
31⁄2 8 5781 4982 4185 4344 5978 4783 5181
33⁄4 4 6232 5371 4512 4684 6445 5156 5586
33⁄4 8 6671 5749 4829 5013 6899 5519 5979

4 4 7148 6161 5175 5372 7393 5914 6407

4 8 7619 6567 5516 5726 7880 6304 6829
A
Stress Area, mm2 p 0.7854 (D − 0.9382 P)2, where D p nominal product size, mm, and P p thread pitch, mm.
B
Based on 862 MPa for sizes 1⁄4 to 21⁄2 in., inclusive, and on 793 MPa for sizes over 21⁄2 to 4 in., inclusive.
C
Based on 724 MPa for sizes 1⁄4 to 21⁄2 in., inclusive, and on 655 MPa for sizes over 21⁄2 to 4 in., inclusive.
D
Based on 752 MPa for sizes 1⁄4 to 21⁄2 in., inclusive, and on 683 MPa for sizes over 21⁄2 to 4 in., inclusive.
E
Based on 1034 MPa for sizes 1⁄4 to 21⁄2 in., inclusive, and on 965 MPa for sizes over 21⁄2 to 4 in., inclusive.
F
Based on 827 MPa for sizes 1⁄4 to 21⁄2 in., inclusive, and on 724 MPa for sizes over 21⁄2 to 4 in., inclusive.
G
Based on 896 MPa for sizes 1⁄4 to 21⁄2 in., inclusive, and on 793 MPa for sizes over 21⁄2 to 4 in., inclusive.

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 SA-354 2001 SECTION II

TABLE 4
MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MACHINED SPECIMENS
Tensile Yield Strength Elongation
Strength (0.2% offset), in 2 in. or Reduction
min, psi min, psi 50 mm, of Area
Grade Size, in. (MPa) (MPa) min, % min, %
1
BC ⁄4 to 21⁄2, incl 125 000 (862) 109 000 (752) 16 50
BC Over 21⁄2 115 000 (793) 99 000 (683) 16 45
1
BD ⁄4 to 21⁄2, incl 150 000 (1034) 130 000 (896) 14 40
BD Over 21⁄2 140 000 (965) 115 000 (793) 14 40

TABLE 5
SAMPLE SIZES AND ACCEPTANCE NUMBERS FOR
INSPECTION OF HOT-DIP OR MECHANICALLY
DEPOSITED ZINC-COATED THREADS
Acceptance
Lot Size Sample Size A,B Number A
2 to 90 13 1
91 to 150 20 2
151 to 280 32 3
281 to 500 50 5
501 to 1 200 80 7
1 201 to 3 200 125 10
3 201 to 10 000 200 14
10 001 and over 315 21
A
Sample sizes of acceptance numbers are extracted from “Single
Sampling Plan for Normal Inspection” Table IIA, MIL-STD-105.
B
Inspect all bolts in the lot if the lot size is less than the sample size.

TABLE 6
SAMPLE SIZES AND ACCEPTANCE NUMBERS FOR
INSPECTION OF MECHANICAL AND DIMENSIONAL
REQUIREMENTS
Acceptance Rejection
Lot Size Sample Size Number Number
25 and less 2 0 1
26 to 150 3 0 1
151 to 1 200 5 0 1
1 201 to 35 000 8 0 1
35 000 to 150 000 13 0 1
150 000 and over 20 0 1

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 PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-354

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENT

S1. Marking
S1.1 Studs that are continuously threaded with the
same class of thread shall be marked on each end with
the marking in accordance with Section 15.
S1.2 Marking small sizes (customarily less than 0.375
in. (9.525 mm) may not be practical. Consult the
producer for the minimum size that can be marked.

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