An Industrial Exposure Project Report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the Award of degree
of BBA

2021 – 2024

Submitted by: Guided by:

Atmik Bansal Ms. Veenu Gupta

0201BBA205

1
 Student’s Declaration

This is to certify that the project report entitled “INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURE PROJECT
REPORT” submitted to Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed t o b e University) Pune, in
partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of BBA, is an original
work carried out by me under the guidance of Ms. Veenu Gupta. The matter
embodied in this project is a genuine work done by me has been submitted neither to
this University nor to any other University for the fulfilment of the requirement of the
course of study.

Atmik Bansal

0201BBA205

BBA6C

2
 Bharati Vidyapeeth
(Deemed to be University)
Institute of Management & Research, New Delhi
A Grade Status Awarded by MHRD, Govt of India,
Reaccrediated with Grade A+ by NAAC,
An ISO 9001:2015 14001:2015 Certified Institute
A-4, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi – 110063 (Ph.: 011-25284396 Fax: 011-25286442)

Ref: Date:

Certificate of the Guide

This is to certify that the INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURE PROJECT REPORT ” Submitted to

Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed t o b e University) Institute of Management and
Research, New Delhi in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the BBA is an
original work carried out by “Atmik Bansal” under my guidance. To the best of my knowledge
and belief the matter embodied in this project is genuine work done by the student and has been
submitted neither to this University nor to any other University for the fulfillment of the
requirement of the course of study.

Ms. Veenu Gupta

3
 Bharati Vidyapeeth
(Deemed to be University)
Institute of Management & Research, New Delhi
A Grade Status Awarded by MHRD, Govt of India,
Reaccrediated with Grade A+ by NAAC,
An ISO 9001:2015 14001:2015 Certified Institute
A-4, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi – 110063 (Ph.: 011-25284396 Fax: 011-25286442)

Ref: Date:

Certificate from the Director

This is to certify that the Project titled “INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURE PROJECT

REPORT” is an academic work done by “Atmik Bansal” submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the award of the Degree of BBA, from Bharati Vidyapeeth
(Deemed t o b e University), Pune. It has been completed under the guidance of Ms.
Veenu Gupta .The authenticity of the project work will be examined by the viva-voce
examiner, which includes data verification, checking duplicity of information etc., and
it may be rejected due to non fulfillment of quality standards set by the Institute.

DR.YAMINI AGARWAL
(DIRECTOR)

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my profound gratitude to Dr. Yamini Agarwal (Director) of Bharati
Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Institute of Management and Research, New Delhi
for their contributions to the completion of my project titled “INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURE
PROJECT REPORT”.

I would like to express my special thanks to our mentor Ms. Veenu Gupta for his time and
efforts he provided throughout the year. Your useful advice and suggestions were really
helpful to me during the project’s completion. In this aspect, I am eternally grateful to you.

I would like to acknowledge that this project was completed entirely by me and not by
someone else.

Atmik Bansal

0201BBA205

5
INDEX

UNIT TOPIC PAGE NO.

1. UNIT-1 (Service Organisation)

Vistara Airlines
7-21
Chapter-1 Introduction
Chapter-2 About the company
Chapter-3 Marketing mix of Air asia
2. UNIT-2 (Industrial Visit Report) 22-28

Yakult

3. UNIT-3 & 4 (Manufacturing

Industry)
29-36
Autmobile Industry
4. UNIT-5 (Trade Organisation)
Federation of Hotel & Restaurant
37-41
Associations of India (FHRAI)

5. 41
References

6.
Record for Journal Maintained
42

6
 Unit-1

Chapter 1

Introduction

Overview of the service sector and its contribution in the economy.

What is the Service Sector?

The service sector is that the sector of the economy that produces and offers services. In keeping
with the tri-sector economic science theory, there are 3 major economic sectors – primary,
secondary, and tertiary

Major Economic Sectors

1. Primary Sector

The primary sector consists of industries engaged within the business of gathering raw materials.
It includes mining corporations, lumber corporations, and oil drilling corporations – beside the
agricultural and fishing industries.

2. Secondary Sector

7
The secondary sector includes all businesses concerned in manufacturing and merchandising
product like motorcar makers, piece of furniture stores, and covering retailers.

3. Tertiary Sector

The tertiary sector is that the service sector. It includes industries like the money services
business, net technology (IT), and therefore the aid and recreation industries.

Some economists embrace a fourth sector the quaternary sector during which they assign the
areas of analysis, info technology, education, consulting, and varied different parts of what has
come back to be called the “knowledge-based economy.”

The knowledge-based economy is concentrated on utilizing info and communications (such as

social media) to supply product and services specifically tailored to the requirements and desires
of individual customers or purchasers.

An example of the knowledge-based economy in action may be a merchant, like Amazon or

Walmart, causation you bespoke ads for product or services that you previous purchases or
searches indicate that you have an interest in.

Economists WHO don’t use a fourth economic sector class assign the quaternary sector
industries to the tertiary sector.

8
Economic Development

The tri-sector theory holds that the 3 economic sectors, additionally to delineating totally
different areas of economic endeavor, conjointly mirror however economies develop over time.

The most primitive economies consist primarily of economic activities associated with raw
materials, agricultural production, and fishing. As economies grow and develop, the producing
and selling of finished product account for the biggest portion of economic activity.

Service industries at the last economic sector to expertise vital growth and at the hallmark of
developed nations and advanced economies.

The importance of the Service Sector

The fact that the service sector is selected because the tertiary sector shouldn’t be in any manner
taken to mean that it occupies third place in terms of economic importance.

Over the past century, the service sector has speedily swollen. By the flip of the twenty first
century, it had eclipsed the producing and retail product sector because the largest sector of the
economy in most developed nations.

Whereas within the early a part of the twentieth century, the us became the dominant world
economy, because of its huge producing industry; by the first a part of the twenty first century,
its worldwide economic dominance was supported its huge service sector.

9
In thaae U.S., between 1919 and 2019, the service sector grew from accounting for fewer than
five hundredth of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) to generating roughly eighty fifth
of the country’s gross domestic product.

The explosion of the service sector has been created potential by the exponential increase in
information that has occurred over the past fifty to seventy years, the ascent of technology, and
therefore the development of fast, worldwide communication through net connections and cell
phones.

Increased automation, that reduces the quantity of individuals needed for producing processes, is
additionally a key part within the shift from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based
economy.

The massive growth of state services in developed nations is another vital contributive issue to
the increasing predominance of the service sector.

Examples of Service Industries

Many people don’t notice the massive range of companies and industries that mix to create up
the service sector. But if you stop and take a while to place confidence in all the assorted service-
related businesses, then it becomes terribly Straight forward to check why the service sector is,
by far, the Biggest sector of the economy in developed nations like the United States of America,
the UK, Canada, Australia, Germany, and Japan.

The following are transient descriptions of simply a number of of the various businesses that
comprise a number of the most important industries contained among the service sector.

10
1. Tour and Travel Industry

The travel business goes manner on the far side simply the offices of travel agents and major
airlines. It conjointly includes the speedily growing operations of public transportation, like
subways and town buses. Uber, Lyft, and Airbnb major businesses that didn’t even exist a mere
twenty years ago – are a part of the travel business.

Additionally, the unnumbered traveler attractions like museums, recreation parks, national parks
– like river and therefore the Grand Canyon concert halls, and art galleries, beside the tens of
thousands of native traveler attractions unfold throughout the country, are enclosed within the
travel business.

Hotels, motels, and therefore the entire cordial reception business also are thought-about a part of
the travel and commercial enterprise business.

2. IT Industry

The IT business consists of nearly something and everything associated with computers, info,
communication technology, and software system – apart from the producing of necessary
hardware like computers themselves.

3. Media Industry

Technological inventions and advancements have additionally created an enormous enlargement

of the media and show biz. News wont to be distributed by radio stations, print newspapers, and
network tv channels.

11
The rise of cable Associate in Nursing satellite television has born to an diversion world that
contains dozens of various news channels. As an example, Fox, CNN, and NBC not solely offer
24 hour news programs, however they even operate separate news channels.

Online news and knowledge websites area unit way too varied to count. There are area unit
immensely additional “made-for television” movies made per annum than the number of films
made by all the most important show studios and production corporations.

People will pay their entire day look on-line diversion provided by YouTube or Pinterest or
enjoying video games on their Xbox or PlayStation. Among the profitable newer occupations
area unit those of computer game and app developers, social media consultants, and graphic web
site designers.

The whole gamut of social media from Facebook to Twitter to Instagram and YouTube –
encompasses virtually numerous individual businesses. Did you recognize that, as of 2019, over
thirty million YouTube channels were originating within the US? Online education, one in all the
foremost speedily growing

Industries worldwide, conjointly falls below the broad umbrella ofThe knowledge technology
business.

Contribution of service industry to economy

The service sector currently accounts for over ½ India’s GDP: fifty one.16 per cent in 1998-99.
This sector has gained at the expense of each the agricultural and industrial sectors through the
Nineteen Nineties. The increase within the service sector’s share in value marks a structural shift
within the Indian economy and takes it nearer to the basics of a developed economy (in the
developed economies, the commercial and repair sectors contribute a serious share in value
whereas agriculture accounts for a comparatively lower share).

12
Contribution of banking sector to economy:

Any economy’s banking sector is nothing less than its backbone. With continuous improvements
in banking efficiency aided by various technological advances, India’s banking sector is
expected to rise to the third largest in the world by 2025,Not only internationally, but also
domestically, the Indian banking sector has proven its worth. This can be deduced from the
significant contribution that our banks, both public and private, have made to the growth of the
national economy. The banking sector has over a contribution of approximately 7.7% to the
national GDP. And apart from that, our banks are the primary Source of jobs for nearly 1.5
million people.

In FY20, public sector banks’ assets amounted Rs. 107.83 lakh crore (US$ 1.52 trillion). Total
Credit extended in FY20 reached $1.698.97 billion. As of November 20’ 2020, credit to non-
food industries amounted Rs. 103.46 trillion (USS 1.40 trillion).

In FY 20, total assets in the banking sector (public, private, and foreign banks) amplified to USS
2.52 trillion. Indian banks are constantly emphasizing the use of an integrated risk management
strategy. The recovery of commercial banks’ NPAs (non-performing assets) reached Rs. 400,000
crores (US$ 57.23 billion) in FY19, the maximum in the last four years.

In India, the digital payments transition will result in significant changes in the way credit is

Distributed. After demonetisation, debit cards have largely replaced credit cards as India’s

Primary payment method. In July2020, the volume of payments on the Unified Payments

Interface (UPI) reached an all-time peak of 1.49 billion, with transactions worth nearly Rs. 2.90
lakh crore (USS 41.22 billion).

13
INDUSTRY SCENARIO

India's growing demand for air travel has forced the government to create a strong ecosystem and
supportive legislation. The government intends to make flying accessible to everyone under the
National Civil Aviation Policy 2016 (NCAP) through increasing accessibility and connection.

A crucial part of NCAP 2016 is the Regional Connectivity Program, often known as UDAN
(UdeDesh ka Aam Nagrik). The programme aims to improve connection to India's underserved
and unserved airports and envisions making air travel widely available and inexpensive. 10
airports were operationalized as part of the programme, 335 routes encompassing 33 routes were
awarded, and more than 2500000 people flew in 2019. The civil aviation ministry introduced
seaplane operations from water aerodromes in the third phase of UDAN

14
 CHAPTER-2

ABOUT THE COMPANY

INDIGO AIRLINES

Introduction

Indigo, a dynamic and pioneering airline, has been revolutionizing the skies since its inception.
Established in 1993, AirAsia has swiftly ascended to become one of the most prominent and
innovative low-cost carriers globally. Founded by Tony Fernandes, the airline has been
instrumental in reshaping air travel, making it more accessible and affordable for millions of
passengers.

From its humble beginnings, Indigo has grown exponentially, expanding its fleet and route
network across Asia and beyond. With its headquarters in Malaysia, Indigo operates flights to
over 165 destinations in more than 25 countries, connecting vibrant cities, bustling metropolises,
and idyllic holiday destinations.

AirAsia is renowned for its commitment to providing guests with unparalleled value,
convenience, and service excellence. The airline's mantra of "Now Everyone Can Fly"
encapsulates its mission to democratize air travel, empowering individuals to explore the world
with ease.

15
Driven by innovation and customer-centricity, Indigo continually seeks to enhance the travel
experience. Whether it's through cutting-edge technology, seamless booking processes, or
innovative inflight amenities, Indigo strives to exceed passengers' expectations at every turn.

As a testament to its success, Indigo has received numerous accolades and awards over the years,
including recognition for its outstanding service, operational efficiency, and contribution to the
aviation industry.

Embark on a journey of endless possibilities with Indigo, where every flight is an opportunity to
explore, discover, and create lasting memories. Join us as we soar to new heights, connecting
people and cultures across the globe. Welcome aboard Indigo, where adventure knows no
bounds.

VISION AND MISSION STATEMENT

Mission:

"At Indigo, there mission is to make air travel accessible to everyone. They believe that
exploring the world should be within reach for all individuals, regardless of their background or
budget. That's why they are dedicated to offering affordable, reliable, and convenient flights to
diverse destinations across Asia and beyond. Safety is their top priority, and they adhere to
stringent standards to ensure the well-being of our passengers. They continuously innovate to
improve the travel experience, from streamlined booking processes to innovative onboard
amenities. Their goal is to make flying with Indigo an enjoyable and hassle-free experience for
every passenger."

Vision:

"Our vision at Indigo is to lead the way as the premier low-cost airline in Asia and beyond. We
strive for excellence in everything we do, from our customer service to our operational

16
efficiency. By consistently delivering exceptional service and value, we aim to earn the trust and
loyalty of our passengers. Additionally, we are committed to making a positive impact on the
communities

17
we serve and the environment we operate in. Through responsible business practices and
community initiatives, we seek to create a better world for future generations to explore and
enjoy."

KEY COMPETITORS

In India, there are numerous airlines vying for passengers, making the industry in which Indigo
Airlines operates extremely competitive. A few of Indigo Airlines' main rivals are as follows:

AirAsia: With a sizable fleet of Airbus A320 and A321 aircraft, IndiGo is the largest airline in
India based on market share. The airline has a significant presence all over the nation and offers
inexpensive rates.

The national carrier of India, Air India, offers both local and international service. The airline has
a devoted following of customers and provides a variety of services, including luxury cabins.

SpiceJet: A low-cost airline, SpiceJet uses Bombardier Q400 and Boeing 737 aircraft in its fleet.
The airline has a significant regional presence and offers inexpensive prices.

GoAir is a different low-cost airline that utilises an Airbus A320 fleet. The airline prioritises
punctuality and provides reasonable rates.

Jet Airways: A significant rival of Vistara Airlines in the Indian aviation business, Jet Airways is
temporarily grounded owing to financial issues. The airline provided a variety of services,
including premium cabins, and flew both domestically and internationally.

18
In general, established airlines with significant market shares and low-cost carriers with
reasonable fares present tough competition for Vistara Airlines. Yet, the airline has managed to
stand apart from rivals because to its emphasis on delivering a luxury travel experience and its
affiliation with Singapore Airlines.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Certainly! Here's the organizational structure of Indigo Airlines:

CEO: The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) oversees the overall business operations of Indigo and
reports to the Board of Directors.

Operations: This division manages all aspects of airline flight operations, including ground
operations, cabin crew, and pilots, ensuring safe and efficient flight operations.

Commercial: The commercial department handles revenue-generating activities such as sales,

marketing, and revenue management, focusing on maximizing profitability and market presence.

Finance: The finance department is responsible for managing the airline's financial operations,
including budgeting, accounting, and financial reporting, to ensure financial stability and
compliance.

19
Human Resources: The human resources department oversees all employee-related tasks,
including recruitment, training, performance management, and employee relations, to support a
skilled and motivated workforce.

Engineering: The engineering division is responsible for the technical operations of the airline,
including aircraft maintenance, repairs, and engineering support, to ensure aircraft safety and
airworthiness.

Information Technology: The information technology division manages the airline's

technological infrastructure, including hardware, software, and networks, to support efficient and
innovative business processes.

This hierarchical organizational structure of AirAsia is designed to facilitate effective

communication, accountability, and operational efficiency, enabling the airline to deliver a high-
quality and seamless travel experience to its passengers.

20
 CHAPTER 3

MARKETING MIX OF INDIGO

Introduction About The Marketing Strategies

Marketing strategies are the set of techniques and tactics used by businesses to promote their
products or services and reach their target audience. These strategies are designed to increase
brand awareness, generate leads, and ultimately drive sales.

A successful marketing strategy will typically involve a combination of different tactics, such as
advertising, public relations, content marketing, social media marketing, and search engine
optimization (SEO). The specific tactics used will depend on the company's goals, target
audience, and available resources.

Marketing strategies also typically involve market research to gain insights into consumer
behavior, preferences, and trends, which helps inform the development and execution of the
marketing plan. The ultimate goal of any marketing strategy is to create a strong and
differentiated brand, establish a competitive advantage, and ultimately drive revenue and growth
for the business.

7P’s of Indigo

The 7 Ps of marketing are typically Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, and
Physical Evidence. Here's how they apply to Indigo:

1. Product: Indigo offers air transportation services, including domestic and international flights
to various destinations. They may also offer additional services such as in-flight meals, seat
selection, and baggage options.
21
2. Price: Indigo is known for its low-cost pricing strategy, offering affordable fares to
passengers. They may also employ dynamic pricing strategies to adjust fares based on demand
and other factors.

3. Place: Indigo operates flights to over 165 destinations across Asia and beyond, utilizing a
network of airports and air routes to reach its customers.

4. Promotion: Indigo uses various marketing channels and promotional tactics to reach its target
audience, including advertising, social media, partnerships, and loyalty programs.

5. People: The people aspect of Indigo includes its employees, who play a crucial role in
delivering a positive customer experience. This includes cabin crew, ground staff, customer
service representatives, and management.

6. Process: Indigo focuses on streamlining its processes to ensure efficient operations and a
seamless customer experience. This includes booking processes, check-in procedures, boarding,
and other operational workflows.

7. Physical Evidence: The physical evidence of Indigo includes tangible elements that contribute
to the overall customer experience, such as aircraft cleanliness, in-flight amenities, airport
facilities, and branding elements.

By effectively managing these 7 Ps, Indigo strives to deliver value to its customers while
maintaining a competitive edge in the airline industry.

22
 UNIT 2

Yakult

INDUSTRIAL VISIT REPORT

COMPANY PROFILE

TYPE Drink

MANUFACTURER Yakult Honsha

23
 DISTRIBUTOR Yakult Honsha

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Japan

INTRODUCED 1935

INGREDIENTS Skimmed

Milk

Sugar

Glucose

Natural Identical Flavour

Water

LcS

Staviol

Glycoside

Vitamin E

Vitamin D

Pectin
WEBSITE www.yakult.co.jp

24
Yakult is a fermented milk beverage that contains live probiotic bacteria. It was first developed
in Japan in the 1930s by microbiologist Minoru Shirota. Yakult is made by fermenting skimmed
milk with a specific strain of bacteria known as Lactobacillus casei Shirota, which is believed to
have a number of health benefits. The resulting beverage is sweet, slightly tangy, and has a
creamy texture.

Yakult is sold in small plastic bottles and is popular in many countries around the world,
particularly in Asia. It is often consumed as a daily health drink, as it is believed to aid digestion,
boost the immune system, and improve overall gut health. Yakult has also been the subject of
numerous scientific studies, with some research suggesting that it may have other potential
health benefits as well.

25
 MISSION & VISION OF THE COMPANY

MISSION:

“Yakult’s mission is to contribute to the health and happiness of every person around the
world through the pursuit of excellence in life science and the study of microorganisms.

We continue to spread the message of preventive medicine and the benefits of prebiotics
such as L. Paracasei strain Shirota.

One by One, City by City, Country by Country, we deliver this message in the shape of A

Small Bottle- A bottle that contains billions of live and active good
bacteria.”

VISION:

“Yakult pushes forward with the quest for new possibilities for probiotics in the academic
and medical fields. We work with doctors, scientists and dietitians worldwide to help
people suffering.

The human digestive system has over 500 types of bacteria, most of which are good and
keep you healthy. A healthy person has more good than bad bacteria, but any change in
the body’s bacteria balance can cause digestive issues. We contain billions of probiotics,
or “good” bacteria.”

PRODUCT INFORMATION

YAKULT:

INGREDIENTS:

26
 • Skimmed milk powder
• Sugar
• Glucose
• Natural identical flavour
• Water

NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION:

INFORMATION Per 65Ml

ENERGY 50 kcal

PROTEIN 0.5 g

TOTAL CARBOHYDRATES 12 g

FAT <0.1 g

YAKULT LIGHT:INGREDIENTS:
• Skimmed milk powder
• Sugar
• Glucose
• Natural identical flavour
• Water LcS
• Steviol Glycoside
• Vitamin E
• Vitamin D
• Pectin

27
NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION:

INFORMATION PER 65 ML

ENERGY 24 kcal

PROTEIN 0.8 g

TOTAL CARBOHYDRATES

3g
ADDED SUGAR 3g

PECTIN 160 mg

STEVIOL GLYCOSIDE 16 mg

VITAMIN E 3 mg

VITAMIN D 3 mcg

TOTAL FAT <0.1 G

28
IMAGE FROM INDUSTRIAL VISIT AT YAKULT

29
30
31
32
33
34
 UNIT 3 & 4

Automobile Industry

Intoduction

The automobile industry is a global industry that designs, develops, manufactures, and sells
motor vehicles. It is one of the largest industries in the world, with millions of people employed
in various aspects of the industry, including manufacturing, research and development, sales, and
marketing. The industry includes a wide range of vehicles, from cars, trucks, and buses to
motorcycles, scooters, and other forms of transportation.

The history of the automobile industry can be traced back to the late 1800s, with the
development of the first gasoline-powered internal combustion engine. The first mass-produced
automobile was the Ford Model T, which was introduced in 1908 and revolutionized
transportation. Since then, the industry has grown rapidly, with new technologies and
innovations constantly being introduced.

Today, the industry is undergoing significant transformation, with a focus on electric and
autonomous vehicles, as well as sustainable and eco-friendly manufacturing processes. Major
players in the automobile industry include companies such as Toyota, General Motors, Ford,
Volkswagen, and BMW, among others. These companies invest heavily in research and
development to create new technologies and improve the performance, safety, and efficiency of
their vehicles.

The automobile industry is a major contributor to the global economy, with significant
investments in research and development and a strong presence in many countries around the
world. The industry faces many challenges, including competition, changing consumer
preferences, and increasingly strict environmental regulations. However, it continues to innovate
and evolve to meet these challenges and provide new and exciting vehicles for consumers around
the world.

35
History

The history of the automobile industry can be traced back to the late 1800s, with the
development of the first gasoline-powered internal combustion engine. The first successful
gasoline-powered automobile was built in 1885 by German inventor Karl Benz. This was
followed by other innovations, such as the development of the electric car and the hybrid car,
which combined gasoline and electric power.

The first mass-produced automobile was the Ford Model T, which was introduced in 1908 and
revolutionized transportation. The Model T was affordable and reliable, and it made car
ownership accessible to the middle class for the first time. This led to a boom in car sales and a
rapid expansion of the automobile industry.

During World War II, the automobile industry played a critical role in producing military
vehicles and equipment. After the war, the industry continued to grow, with new technologies
and innovations constantly being introduced. These included advances in safety features, such as
seat belts and airbags, and improvements in fuel efficiency and environmental impact.

36
In the 1970s, the industry faced a number of challenges, including the oil crisis and stricter
environmental regulations. This led to a focus on fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly
vehicles, as well as the development of alternative fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel.

In recent years, the industry has undergone significant transformation, with a focus on electric
and autonomous vehicles, as well as sustainable and eco-friendly manufacturing processes.
Major players in the automobile industry include companies such as Toyota, General Motors,
Ford, Volkswagen, and BMW, among others. These companies invest heavily in research and
development to create new technologies and improve the performance, safety, and efficiency of
their vehicles.

Products/Services

The automobile industry offers a wide range of products and services to consumers. Some of the
main products and services offered by the automobile industry include:

1. Cars: This is the primary product of the automobile industry. Cars come in various types
and sizes, including sedans, SUVs, sports cars, and luxury vehicles. They can be powered
by gasoline, diesel, electricity, or a combination of these.
2. Trucks: Trucks are another important product of the automobile industry. They are used
for a variety of purposes, including transportation of goods and equipment. They can be
small pickup trucks or large commercial trucks.
3. Buses: Buses are used for public transportation and can be found in various sizes and
shapes, including school buses, city buses, and coach buses.
4. Motorcycles and scooters: These are two-wheeled vehicles that are popular for personal
transportation. They come in various sizes and styles, from small scooters to large touring
motorcycles.
5. Automotive parts: The automobile industry also produces various parts and components,
such as engines, transmissions, brakes, and tires, which are used in the production of
vehicles.

37
 6. Maintenance and repair services: The automobile industry also provides maintenance and
repair services for vehicles. These services include oil changes, tire replacements, brake
repairs, and other types of maintenance.
7. Financing and leasing: Many automobile companies also offer financing and leasing
services, which allow consumers to purchase or lease vehicles with monthly payments.

Overall, the automobile industry offers a wide range of products and services to consumers,
ranging from personal transportation to commercial vehicles and automotive parts. The industry
also provides various services, including maintenance and repair, financing, and leasing, to meet
the needs of consumers.

Players in the Industry

The automobile industry is a highly competitive market, with many players involved in the
design, development, manufacturing, and sale of motor vehicles. Some of the major players in
the automobile industry include:

1. Toyota: Toyota is a Japanese multinational corporation that is one of the largest

automakers in the world. It produces a wide range of vehicles, from small cars to
commercial trucks.
2. General Motors: General Motors is an American multinational corporation that produces
a wide range of vehicles, including cars, trucks, and SUVs.
3. Ford: Ford is an American multinational corporation that produces a wide range of
vehicles, including cars, trucks, and SUVs.
4. Volkswagen: Volkswagen is a German multinational corporation that produces a wide
range of vehicles, including cars, trucks, and buses.
5. BMW: BMW is a German multinational corporation that specializes in luxury vehicles,
including cars, SUVs, and motorcycles.
6. Honda: Honda is a Japanese multinational corporation that produces a wide range of
vehicles, including cars, motorcycles, and power equipment.
7. Hyundai: Hyundai is a South Korean multinational corporation that produces a wide

38
range of vehicles, including cars, SUVs, and commercial vehicles.

39
 8. Nissan: Nissan is a Japanese multinational corporation that produces a wide range of
vehicles, including cars, trucks, and SUVs.
9. Tesla: Tesla is an American company that specializes in electric vehicles, including cars
and SUVs.

These are just a few of the major players in the automobile industry. There are many other
companies involved in the industry, ranging from large multinational corporations to smaller
regional manufacturers.

Trends in Automobile Industry

40
The automobile industry is constantly evolving, and there are several key trends that are shaping
the industry today. Here are some of the major trends in the automobile industry:

 Electric and hybrid vehicles: The demand for electric and hybrid vehicles is growing
rapidly, driven by concerns about climate change and the need for cleaner transportation.
Many automakers are investing heavily in developing new electric and hybrid models,
and some are even phasing out their internal combustion engine vehicles altogether.
 Autonomous driving: The development of self-driving cars is another major trend in the
automobile industry. While fully autonomous vehicles are still in the testing phase, many
automakers are incorporating semi-autonomous features into their cars, such as automatic
braking and lane departure warning systems.
 Connected cars: Cars are becoming increasingly connected, with features such as
infotainment systems, in-car Wi-Fi, and advanced navigation systems. This trend is
expected to continue as more cars become equipped with 5G connectivity and other
advanced technologies.
 Shared mobility: The rise of ride-sharing and car-sharing services is changing the way
people think about car ownership. Many people are now opting to share cars rather than
owning their own, which is driving the growth of car-sharing services such as Zipcar and
ride-sharing services such as Uber and Lyft.
 Sustainability: The automobile industry is under increasing pressure to reduce its
environmental impact, and many automakers are investing in more sustainable
production methods and materials. This includes using renewable energy sources,
reducing waste and emissions, and developing new technologies to improve fuel
efficiency.

Overall, these trends are transforming the automobile industry, and companies that are able to
adapt to these changes are likely to thrive in the years ahead.

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 Contribution of industry to the development of the nation

The automobile industry has made significant contributions to the development of nations in
several ways. Here are some of the ways in which the automobile industry has contributed to the
development of nations:

Employment generation: The automobile industry is a major employer, providing jobs for
millions of people around the world. In addition to direct employment in manufacturing, the
industry also supports jobs in research and development, sales and marketing, and maintenance
and repair services.

Economic growth: The automobile industry is a key driver of economic growth, contributing
significantly to the GDP of many nations. The industry also supports many other sectors,
including steel, rubber, and electronics, which also contribute to economic growth.

Innovation and technology development: The automobile industry is one of the most
technologically advanced industries, constantly pushing the boundaries of what is possible. The
industry has developed many new technologies, such as electric and hybrid powertrains,
advanced safety systems, and autonomous driving, which have had broader impacts on society
beyond the automobile industry.

Infrastructure development: The automobile industry has played a significant role in the
development of transportation infrastructure, including roads, highways, and bridges. These
infrastructure investments have helped to connect people and communities, facilitate trade and
commerce, and promote economic growth.

Environmental sustainability: While the automobile industry has historically been associated
with pollution and environmental degradation, the industry has made significant strides in recent
years to reduce its environmental impact. This includes developing new technologies to improve
fuel efficiency, reduce emissions, and promote sustainable manufacturing practices.

Overall, the automobile industry has played a vital role in the development of nations,
contributing to employment generation, economic growth, innovation and technology
development, infrastructure development, and environmental sustainability.

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 Future of the industry

The future of the automobile industry is likely to be shaped by a number of trends and
developments, many of which are already taking shape. Here are some of the key trends that are
likely to shape the future of the automobile industry:

1. Electric and autonomous vehicles: Electric and autonomous vehicles are likely to become
more prevalent in the coming years, as technology improves and consumer demand
grows. This will have major implications for the automobile industry, as automakers shift
their focus from internal combustion engines to electric powertrains and invest in
developing autonomous driving technology.
2. Connected cars: Cars are becoming increasingly connected, with features such as
infotainment systems, in-car Wi-Fi, and advanced navigation systems. In the future, cars
are likely to become even more connected, with features such as vehicle-to-vehicle
communication and real-time traffic information becoming standard.
3. Mobility as a service: The rise of ride-sharing and car-sharing services is changing the
way people think about car ownership, and this trend is likely to continue in the future.
As these services become more prevalent, automakers will need to adapt their business
models to focus on providing mobility as a service, rather than just selling cars.
4. Sustainability: The automobile industry is under increasing pressure to reduce its
environmental impact, and this trend is likely to continue in the future. Automakers will
need to continue investing in developing more sustainable production methods and
materials, as well as improving the fuel efficiency and emissions of their vehicles.
5. Shift to digital: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift to digital in many
industries, and the automobile industry is no exception. In the future, automakers are
likely to continue investing in digital technologies, such as online sales platforms and
virtual showrooms, to reach customers and improve the car-buying experience.

Overall, the future of the automobile industry is likely to be shaped by a number of trends and
developments, including the rise of electric and autonomous vehicles, connected cars, mobility
as a service, sustainability, and the shift to digital

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 UNIT 5

Federation of Hotel & Restaurant Associations of India (FHRAI)

Introduction

The Federation of Hotel & Restaurant Associations of India (FHRAI) is a non-profit

organization that represents the interests of the hotel and restaurant industry in India. Founded in
1955, FHRAI serves as a national umbrella body for state-level hotel and restaurant associations
in India.

FHRAI aims to promote and protect the interests of its members and the hospitality industry in
general. The organization provides a platform for members to exchange information, knowledge,
and expertise, and it also engages with various government bodies to advocate for policies that
support the growth and development of the industry.

The federation represents more than 4,000 hotels, restaurants, and other establishments across
India. It offers a range of services and resources to its members, including training and education
programs, research and market intelligence, networking opportunities, and advocacy and
representation at the national and state levels.

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Overall, FHRAI plays a vital role in supporting the growth and development of the hospitality
industry in India and is committed to promoting professionalism, excellence, and innovation in
the sector.

History of FHRAI

The Federation of Hotel & Restaurant Associations of India (FHRAI) was established in 1955
with the aim of bringing together hotel and restaurant associations from across India to form a
national federation. The organization was founded by a group of leading hoteliers and
restaurateurs who recognized the need for a unified voice to represent the interests of the
industry.

Over the years, FHRAI has played a key role in shaping the development of the hospitality
industry in India. It has been instrumental in advocating for policies and regulations that support
the growth of the industry, and in promoting professional standards and best practices among its
members.

In the early years, FHRAI focused primarily on promoting the interests of hotel and restaurant
owners and operators. However, in more recent years, the organization has expanded its scope to
include issues related to the entire hospitality value chain, including suppliers, distributors, and
other stakeholders.

Today, FHRAI is recognized as one of the most important industry associations in India,
representing more than 4,000 hotels, restaurants, and other establishments across the country.
The organization continues to play an important role in promoting the growth and development
of the hospitality industry, and in advocating for policies and regulations that support the
interests of its members.

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Vision / Mission of FHRAI

The vision of The Federation of Hotel & Restaurant Associations of India (FHRAI) is to promote
and develop a dynamic and sustainable hospitality industry in India that provides world-class
services and experiences to guests and customers.

The mission of FHRAI is to achieve this vision by:

 Advocating for policies and regulations that support the growth and development of the
hospitality industry in India
 Promoting best practices and professional standards among its members
 Providing training and education programs to help members enhance their skills and
capabilities
 Offering research and market intelligence to help members stay informed about industry
trends and opportunities
 Facilitating networking and collaboration among members to encourage innovation and
knowledge-sharing
 Representing the interests of the hospitality industry in India at the national and state levels.

Overall, FHRAI is committed to promoting and protecting the interests of its members and the
hospitality industry in general, and to supporting the growth and development of a vibrant and
sustainable sector that contributes to India's economic and social development.

Purpose of FHRAI

The purpose of The Federation of Hotel & Restaurant Associations of India (FHRAI) is to
promote and protect the interests of the hotel and restaurant industry in India. FHRAI serves as a
national umbrella body for state-level hotel and restaurant associations in India and aims to
provide a platform for its members to share knowledge, expertise, and best practices.

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The key objectives of FHRAI are:

 To promote the interests of the hotel and restaurant industry in India

 To provide a platform for member associations to share knowledge, expertise, and best
practices
 To advocate for policies and regulations that support the growth and development of the
industry
 To provide a range of services and resources to its members, including training and
education programs, research and market intelligence, networking opportunities, and
advocacy and representation at the national and state levels
 To promote professionalism, excellence, and innovation in the hospitality industry in India.

Overall, the purpose of FHRAI is to support the growth and development of the hospitality
industry in India by promoting the interests of its members, advocating for policies that support
the industry, and providing a range of services and resources to help its members enhance their
skills and capabilities.

Some prominent Associate members

The Federation of Hotel & Restaurant Associations of India (FHRAI) has a wide range of
associate members from various sectors of the hospitality industry in India. Some of the
prominent associate members of FHRAI include:

National Restaurant Association of India (NRAI)

Hotel Association of India (HAI)

Indian Association of Tour Operators (IATO)

Travel Agents Association of India (TAAI)

Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI)

Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)

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Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)

Indian Culinary Forum (ICF)

Hospitality Purchasing Managers Forum (HPMF)

Hotel and Restaurant Equipment Manufacturers and Suppliers Association (HOTREMAI)

These associate members of FHRAI are an integral part of the organization and work closely with
FHRAI to support the growth and development of the hospitality industry in India.

REFERENCES

INTERNET RESOURCES

• www.wikipedia.org

• www.yakult.co.in

• https://www.fhrai.com/

• https://www.airasia.com/in/en

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 RECORD FOR JOURNAL MAINTAIN

S.No. PARTICULARS

1. Name Of Student Atmik Bansal

2. Class & Section BBA VI-C ( Marketing )

3. ERP ID 0201BBA205

4. University Seat No. 2419251756

5. PRN No. 2020100475

6. Mobile No. of Student 7817909539

7. Email ID of Student [email protected]

8. How many times you contacted Faculty 3 Times

Guide 15 March 2024 (01:00 PM)
17 March 2024 (02:30 PM)
30 March 2024 (3:00 PM)
9. Date on which you mail final project to 27th April 2024
your guide

10. Mention five names of internet resources www.yakult.co.in

for project www.google.com
work https://www.airasia.com/in/en
https://www.fhrai.com/
https://www.ford.com/

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MENTOR FEEDBACK

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