Digital Logic & Computer Organization &
Architecture(DLCOA) – SEM 3
Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411
M.Tech (VJTI) & B.Tech (SPIT) @nagare.sunil95
Module 1. Computer Fundamentals
Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411 @nagare.sunil95
ASCII Code
• The ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
• The ASCII code is an alphanumeric code used for data communication in
digital computers.
• The ASCII is a 7-bit code capable of representing 27 or 128 number of
different characters.
• The ASCII code is made up of a three-bit group, which is followed by a
four-bit code.
Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411 @nagare.sunil95
ASCII Code
• The ASCII Code is a 7 or 8-bit
alphanumeric code.
• This code can represent 127 unique
characters.
• The ASCII code starts from 00h to 7Fh.
• In this, the code from 00h to 1Fh is
used for control characters, and code
from 20h to 7Fh is used for graphic
symbols.
• The 8-bit code holds ASCII, which
supports 256 symbols where math and
graphic symbols are added.
• The range of the extended ASCII is 80h
to FFh. Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411 @nagare.sunil95
ASCII Code
Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411 @nagare.sunil95
DeMorgan’s 1st Law
• DeMorgan’s First theorem
proves that when two (or
more) input variables are
AND’ed and negated, they
are equivalent to the OR
of the complements of
the individual variables.
• Thus the equivalent of the
NAND function will be a
negative-OR function,
proving that
Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411 @nagare.sunil95
DeMorgan’s 1st Law
Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411 @nagare.sunil95
DeMorgan’s 2nd Law
• DeMorgan’s Second
theorem proves that
when two (or more) input
variables are OR’ed and
negated, they are
equivalent to the AND of
the complements of the
individual variables.
• Thus the equivalent of the
NOR function is a
negative-AND function
proving tha
Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411 @nagare.sunil95
DeMorgan’s 2nd Law
Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411 @nagare.sunil95
Overview of Microprocessor based system
Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411 @nagare.sunil95
Overview of Microprocessor based system
Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411 @nagare.sunil95
Structural Overview of a Computer
• Computer structure is the way that each
component is arranged so that
communication is possible.
• It is made up of three main components
1. Central Procession Unit (CPU)
2. Memory
3. Input/Output
• These three units are connected with
help of system interconnection i.e buses
Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411 @nagare.sunil95
Structural Overview of a Computer
• Memory is used to store code (programs) and data.
• It can be various kinds of like semiconductor memory using
ICs, magnetic memory or optical memory
• I/O devices are used to accept a input or give an output by
the CPU.
• There are various input devices like keyboard, mouse,
scanner; and various output devices like CRT, printer etc.
• CPU is further divided into three units
1. Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
2. Control Unit (CU)
3. CPU Registers
Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411 @nagare.sunil95
Structural Overview of a Computer
• ALU is used to perform arithmetic operations like addition,
subtraction and logical operation like AND, OR etc.
• CPU Registers are used to store the data temporarily in the
CPU to save memory access time
• Control Unit is divided into three parts
1. Control Memory
2. Control Unit Registers and Decoders Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411
3. Sequencing Logic
• The control memory stores the microinstructions and loads
it into the control unit register
• The Sequencing Logic gives these signals in a proper
sequence to execute a instruction @nagare.sunil95
Von Neumann & Harvard Architecture
Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411 @nagare.sunil95
Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411 @nagare.sunil95
Prof. Sunil Nagare : 9619015411 @nagare.sunil95
