Uncertainties and identification [102 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 1]
What is the slope of the graph?

A. −0.0025 mol dm−3 s−1

B. −0.0025 mol dm−3 s

C. −0.0033 mol dm−3 s−1

D. −0.0033 mol dm−3 s [1]

2. [Maximum mark: 1]
Which graph shows the relationship between the pressure and volume
of a sample of gas at constant temperature?
 [1]

3. [Maximum mark: 1]
What can be deduced from the mass spectrum of CH3COCH2CH2CH3?

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2021 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. 2-Pentanone Mass Spectrum, MS
Number 291264. [graph] Available at: https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?
ID=C107879&Units=SI&Mask=200#Mass-Spec2-pentanone [Accessed 4 May 2020]. source
adapted.
 A. The molar mass is 43 g mol−1.

B. The atoms have many isotopes.

C. The most likely bond to break is C–C between carbons 2 and 3.

[1]
D. The signal with the largest mass is due to the oxidation of the
ketone in the spectrometer.

4. [Maximum mark: 1]
Consider the mass spectrum of an element:

What is the relative atomic mass of this element?

A. 10.2

B. 10.5

C. 10.8

D. 10.9 [1]
5. [Maximum mark: 1]
The enthalpy of combustion of a fuel was determined using the
calorimeter shown. The final result was lower than the literature value.

Which factors could have contributed to this error?

I. Not all heat from the combustion was transferred to the calorimeter.
II. Incomplete combustion occurred.
III. The temperature probe touched the bottom of the calorimeter.

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III [1]

6. [Maximum mark: 1]
Burette readings for a titration are shown.

What is the mean titre?

A. 11.1 cm3 ± 0.1 cm3

B. 11.15 cm3 ± 0.05 cm3

C. 11.2 cm3 ± 0.05 cm3

D. 11.2 cm3 ± 0.1 cm3 [1]

7. [Maximum mark: 1]
Determine the index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD) of paracetamol.

A. 3
 B. 4

C. 5

D. 6 [1]

8. [Maximum mark: 1]
Which spectra would show the difference between propan-2-ol,
CH3CH(OH)CH3, and propanal, CH3CH2CHO?

I. mass
II. infrared
III. 1H NMR

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III [1]

9. [Maximum mark: 1]
How should the difference between 27.0 ± 0.3 and 9.0 ± 0.2 be shown?

A. 18.0 ± 0.1

B. 18.0 ± 0.3

C. 18.0 ± 0.5

D. 18.0 ± 0.6 [1]

10. [Maximum mark: 1]
A liquid was added to a graduated cylinder. What can be deduced from
the graph?

[1]

11. [Maximum mark: 1]

The graph shows Gibbs free energy of a mixture of N2O4 (g) and NO2
(g) in different proportions.

N2O4 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g)

Which point shows the system at equilibrium?

 [1]

12. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which substance has the following 1H NMR spectrum?

SDBS, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology.

A. Propane

B. Propanal
 C. Butanoic acid

D. Ethyl ethanoate [1]

13. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which compound produces the following 1H NMR spectrum?

SDBS, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and

Technology (AIST).

A. Propane

B. Propanone

C. Propanal

D. 2,2-dimethylpropane [1]

14. [Maximum mark: 1]

What information can be deduced from the splitting pattern of 1H NMR
signals?
 A. total number of hydrogen atoms in a compound

B. number of hydrogen atoms on adjacent atom(s)

C. functional group on which hydrogen atoms are located

[1]
D. number of hydrogen atoms in a particular chemical environment

15. [Maximum mark: 1]

A student obtained the following data to calculate q, using
q = mcΔT .

m = 20. 2 g ± 0. 2 g

ΔT = 10°C ± 1°C

−1 −1
c = 4. 18 J g K

What is the percentage uncertainty in the calculated value of q?

A. 0. 2

B. 1. 2

C. 11

D. 14 [1]

16. [Maximum mark: 1]

What is the index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD) in cyclohexanol?
 A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. 3
[1]

17. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum is used to identify
hydrogen environments in a molecule?

A. X-ray

B. UV

C. IR

D. radio waves [1]

18. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which compound with the molecular formula C4H8O has this high
resolution 1H NMR?
 From: libretexts.org. Courtesy of Chris Schaller, Professor (Chemistry)
at College of Saint Benedict/Saint John’s University.

A. but-3-en-2-ol, CH2 = CHCH(OH) CH3

B. butanal, CH3 CH2 CH2 CHO [1]

C. butanone, CH3 COCH2 CH3

D. but-3-en-1-ol, CH2 = CHCH2 CH2 OH

19. [Maximum mark: 1]

Questions 13 and 14 are about an experiment to measure the enthalpy of
combustion, ΔHc, of ethanol, using the apparatus and setup shown.
 Which quantity is likely to be the most inaccurate due to the sources of
error in this experiment?

A. Mass of ethanol burnt

B. Molecular mass of ethanol

C. Mass of water

D. Temperature change [1]

20. [Maximum mark: 1]

What is the value of the temperature change?

Initial temperature: 2.0 ± 0.1 °C

Final temperature: 15.0 ± 1.0 °C

 A. 13.0 ± 0.1 °C

B. 13.0 ± 0.9 °C

C. 13.0 ± 1.0 °C

D. 13.0 ± 1.1 °C [1]

21. [Maximum mark: 1]

How should a measurement of 5.00 g from a balance be recorded?

A. 5.00 ± 0.1 g

B. 5.00 ± 0.01 g

C. 5.00 ± 1 g

D. 5.00 ± 0.001 g [1]

22. [Maximum mark: 1]

The dotted line represents the formation of oxygen, O2(g), from the
uncatalysed complete decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2
(aq).
 [1]

Which curve represents a catalysed reaction under the same

conditions?

23. [Maximum mark: 1]

What is the degree of unsaturation (index of hydrogen deficiency) for
the molecule?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 5

[1]
24. [Maximum mark: 1]
What is the name of this compound using IUPAC rules?

A. 2,3-diethylbutane

B. 2-ethyl-3-methylpentane

C. 3-methyl-4-ethylpentane

D. 3,4-dimethylhexane [1]

25. [Maximum mark: 1]

The following data were recorded for determining the density of three
samples of silicon, Si.

Which average density value, in g cm−3, has been calculated to the

correct number of significant figures?

A. 2

B. 2.3

C. 2.27
 D. 2.273
[1]

26. [Maximum mark: 1]

Data collected from a larger number of silicon samples could also be
plotted to determine the density using the following axes.

Which statements are correct?

I. The density is the slope of the graph.

II. The data will show that mass is proportional to volume.
III. The best-fit line should pass through the origin.

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III [1]

27. [Maximum mark: 1]

What can be deduced from the infrared (IR) spectrum of a compound?

A. Number of hydrogens
 B. Number of hydrogen environments

C. Bonds present
[1]
D. Molar mass

28. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which is the 1H NMR spectrum of tetramethylsilane, TMS, (CH3)4Si?

[1]

29. [Maximum mark: 1]

 Which shows the first ionization energies of successive elements across
period 2, from left to right?

[1]

30. [Maximum mark: 1]

How should a measurement of 5.00 g from a balance be recorded?

A. 5.00 ± 0.1 g

B. 5.00 ± 0.01 g

C. 5.00 ± 1 g

D. 5.00 ± 0.001 g [1]

31. [Maximum mark: 1]

Graph 1 shows a plot of volume of CO2(g) against time for the reaction
of CaCO3(s) with 1.00 moldm−3HCl (aq). The acid is the limiting reagent
and entirely covers the lumps of CaCO3(s).
 Which set of conditions is most likely to give the data plotted in graph
2 when the same mass of CaCO3(s) is reacted with the same volume of
HCl(aq) at the same temperature?

[1]

32. [Maximum mark: 1]

A measuring cylinder was used to obtain a known volume of a liquid.
The volume was read from the top of the meniscus and the liquid
completely emptied into a flask. The exact same process was then
repeated. Which statement is correct about the overall described
procedure and the volumes measured?

A. There is a systematic error and the volumes measured are accurate.

B. There is a random error and the volumes measured are accurate.
C. There is a random error and the volumes measured are inaccurate.
 D. There is a systematic error and the volumes measured are
inaccurate. [1]

33. [Maximum mark: 1]

What is the relationship between the two variables sketched on the
graph?

A. y is proportional to x

B. y is inversely proportional to x
C. y is proportional to −x
D. y decreases exponentially with an increase in x [1]

34. [Maximum mark: 1]

What is the index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD) for this molecule?
 A. 3 [1]

B. 4

C. 5

D. 6

35. [Maximum mark: 1]

What is always correct about the molecular ion, M+, in a mass spectrum
of a compound?

A. The M+ ion peak has the smallest m/z ratio in the mass spectrum.

B. The m/z ratio of the M+ ion peak gives the relative molecular mass of
the molecule.

C. The M+ ion is the most stable fragment formed during electron

bombardment.

D. The M+ ion peak has the greatest intensity in the mass spectrum. [1]

36. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which feature of a molecule can be determined from its 1H NMR
spectrum?
 A. Number of hydrogen environments
[1]
B. Total mass of hydrogen atoms present
C. Vibration frequency of C–H bonds
D. Ionization energy of a hydrogen atom

37. [Maximum mark: 1]

A student measured the change in mass on heating a sample of
calcium carbonate, CaCO3(s). What is the mass loss?

Mass before heating: 2.347 g ± 0.001

Mass after heating: 2.001 g ± 0.001

A. 0.346g ± 0.001

B. 0.346g ± 0.002

C. 0.35g ± 0.002

D. 0.35g ± 0.001 [1]

38. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which molecule has an index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD) = 1?

A. C6H6
B. C2Cl2
C. C4H9N [1]
D. C2H6O

39. [Maximum mark: 1]

A measuring cylinder was used to obtain a known volume of a liquid.
The volume was read from the top of the meniscus and the liquid
completely emptied into a flask. The exact same process was then
 repeated. Which statement is correct about the overall described
procedure and the volumes measured?

A. There is a systematic error and the volumes measured are accurate.

B. There is a random error and the volumes measured are accurate.
C. There is a random error and the volumes measured are inaccurate. [1]
D. There is a systematic error and the volumes measured are
inaccurate.

40. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which property explains why tetramethylsilane, Si(CH3)4, can be used
as a reference standard in 1H NMR spectroscopy?

A. It has a high boiling point.

B. It is a reactive compound.

C. All its protons are in the same chemical environment.

D. It gives multiple signals. [1]

41. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which analytical technique is used to measure bond lengths in solid
compounds?

A. IR spectroscopy
B. Mass spectroscopy
C. NMR spectroscopy
D. X-ray crystallography [1]
42. [Maximum mark: 1]
The dotted line represents the formation of oxygen, O2 (g), from the
uncatalysed complete decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2
(aq).

Which curve represents a catalysed reaction under the same

conditions?

[1]

43. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which can be identified using infrared (IR) spectroscopy?

A. functional groups

B. molar mass

C. 3-D configuration

D. bond angle [1]

44. [Maximum mark: 1]

 The following data were recorded for determining the density of three
samples of silicon, Si.

Which average density value, in g cm−3, has been calculated to the

correct number of significant figures?

A. 2

B. 2.3

C. 2.27

D. 2.273 [1]

45. [Maximum mark: 1]

What can be deduced from the infrared (IR) spectrum of a compound?

A. Number of hydrogens

B. Number of hydrogen environments

C. Bonds present

D. Molar mass [1]

46. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which technique involves breaking covalent bonds when carried out
on an organic compound?
 A. infrared spectroscopy

B. nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

C. X-ray crystallography

D. mass spectrometry [1]

47. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which is correct for the spectra of organic compounds?

A. Mass spectroscopy provides information about bond vibrations.

B. 1H NMR spectroscopy provides the values of carbon–hydrogen

bond lengths.

C. Infrared spectroscopy provides the number of hydrogen atoms.

D. Mass spectroscopy provides information about the structure. [1]

48. [Maximum mark: 1]

What is the ratio of areas under each signal in the 1H NMR spectrum of
2-methylbutane?

A. 6 : 1 : 2 : 3

B. 3 : 3 : 1 : 5

C. 6 : 1 : 5

D. 3 : 3 : 1 : 2 : 3 [1]
49. [Maximum mark: 1]
What are the absolute and percentage uncertainties for the change in
mass?

Initial mass: 22.35 ±0.05 g

Final mass: 42.35 ±0.05 g

[1]

50. [Maximum mark: 1]

The enthalpy of combustion of ethanol is determined by heating a
known mass of tap water in a glass beaker with a flame of burning
ethanol.

Which will lead to the greatest error in the final result?

A. Assuming the density of tap water is 1.0 g cm−3

B. Assuming all the energy from the combustion will heat the water

C. Assuming the specific heat capacity of the tap water is 4.18 J g−1
K−1
 D. Assuming the specific heat capacity of the beaker is negligible [1]

51. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which value of q, in J, has the correct number of significant figures?

q = mcΔT

where m = 2.500 g, c = 4.18 J g−1 K−1 and ΔT = 0.60 K.

A. 6

B. 6.3

C. 6.27

D. 6.270 [1]

52. [Maximum mark: 1]

What is the index of hydrogen deficiency, IHD, of 3-
methylcyclohexene?

A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. 3 [1]
53. [Maximum mark: 1]
What is the ratio of the areas of the signals in the 1H NMR spectrum of
pentan-3-ol?

A. 6:4:1:1

B. 6:2:2:2

C. 5:5:1:1

D. 3:3:2:2:1:1 [1]

54. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which feature of a molecule does infrared spectrometry detect?

A. molecular mass

B. bonds present

C. total number of protons

D. total number of proton environments [1]

55. [Maximum mark: 1]

How are the uncertainties of two quantities combined when the
quantities are multiplied together?

A. Uncertainties are added.

B. % uncertainties are multiplied.

C. Uncertainties are multiplied.

D. % uncertainties are added. [1]

56. [Maximum mark: 1]
The rate of a reaction is studied at different temperatures.

Which is the best way to plot the data?

[1]

57. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which technique may be used to find the bond lengths and bond
angles within a molecule?

A. X-ray crystallography

B. 1H NMR spectroscopy

C. Infrared spectroscopy

D. Mass spectroscopy [1]

58. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which would be the most effective method to distinguish between
liquid propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol?

A. Observation of colour change when warmed with acidified

potassium dichromate

B. Determination of m/z value of molecular ion in the mass spectrum

 C. Determination of percentage composition

D. 1H NMR spectroscopy [1]

59. [Maximum mark: 1]

What information is provided by 1H NMR, MS and IR for an organic
compound?

I. 1H NMR: chemical environment(s) of protons

II. MS: fragmentation pattern
III. IR: types of functional group

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III [1]

60. [Maximum mark: 1]

A student performs an acid-base titration using a pH meter, but forgets
to calibrate it. Which type of error will occur and how will it affect the
quality of the measurements?

A. Random error and lower precision

B. Systematic error and lower accuracy

C. Systematic error and lower precision

D. Random error and lower accuracy [1]

61. [Maximum mark: 1]
What can be determined about a molecule from the number of signals
in its 1HNMR spectrum?

A. Bonds present

B. Molecular formula

C. Molecular mass

D. Number of hydrogen environments [1]

62. [Maximum mark: 1]

What is the density, in gcm−3, of a 34.79 g sample with a volume of 12.5
cm3?

A. 0.359

B. 0.36

C. 2.783

D. 2.78 [1]

63. [Maximum mark: 1]

What is the Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD) for 1,3,5-hexatriene
(C6H8)?

A. 1

B. 3

C. 5

D. 6 [1]
64. [Maximum mark: 1]
Which information can be gained from an infrared (IR) spectrum?

A. Ionization energy of the most abundant element

B. Number of different elements in the compound

C. Bonds present in a molecule

D. Molecular formula of the compound [1]

65. [Maximum mark: 1]

What can be deduced from the following 1HNMR spectrum?

A. There is only one hydrogen atom in the molecule.

B. There is only one hydrogen environment in the molecule.

C. The molecule is a hydrocarbon.

D. There is only one isotope in the element.

 [1]

66. [Maximum mark: 1]

What is the graphical relationship between n and T in the ideal gas
equation, pV = nRT, all other variables remaining constant?

[1]

67. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which compound gives this 1H NMR spectrum?
 [1]

A. CH3CH2OCH2CH3

B. CH3CH2OH

C. CH3CH2CH3

D. CH3CH2CH2OH

68. [Maximum mark: 1]

The graph shows values of ΔG for a reaction at different temperatures.

Which statement is correct?

A. The standard entropy change of the reaction is negative.

B. The standard enthalpy change of the reaction is positive.

 C. At higher temperatures, the reaction becomes less spontaneous.

D. The standard enthalpy change of the reaction is negative. [1]

69. [Maximum mark: 1]

The molar mass of a gas, determined experimentally, is 32 g mol−1. Its
literature molar mass is 40 g mol−1.

What is the percentage error?

A. 80%

B. 25%

C. 20%

D. 8% [1]

70. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which technique is used to determine the bond lengths and bond
angles of a molecule?

A. X-ray crystallography

B. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy

C. Mass spectroscopy

D. 1H NMR spectroscopy [1]

71. [Maximum mark: 1]

Which technique can be used to identify bond length and bond angle?
 A. 1H NMR spectroscopy

B. IR spectroscopy

C. Mass spectroscopy
[1]
D. X-ray crystallography

72. [Maximum mark: 7]

A 4.406 g sample of a compound containing only C, H and O was burnt in excess
oxygen. 8.802 g of CO2 and 3.604 g of H2O were produced.

The following spectrums show the Infrared spectra of propan-1-ol, propanal and
propanoic acid.

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2021 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf
of the United States of America. All rights reserved. Available at: https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?
ID=C71238&Units=SI&Type=IRSPEC&Index=3#IR-SPEC [Accessed 6 May 2020]. Source adapted.
NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2021 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf
of the United States of America. Available at: https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?
ID=C79094&Units=SI&Mask=80#IR-Spec [Accessed 6 May 2020]. Source adapted.

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2021 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of
the United States of America. Available at: https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?
Name=propanal&Units=SI&cIR=on&cTZ=on#IRSpec [Accessed 6 May 2020]. Source adapted.
(a) Determine the empirical formula of the compound using
section 6 of the data booklet. [3] 
(b) Determine the molecular formula of this compound if its molar
mass is 88.12 g mol−1. If you did not obtain an answer in (a) use
CS, but this is not the correct answer. [1] 

(c) Identify each compound from the spectra given, use

absorptions from the range of 1700 cm−1 to 3500 cm−1. Explain
the reason for your choice, referring to section 26 of the data
booklet.

[3] 
73. [Maximum mark: 10]
A 4.406 g sample of a compound containing only C, H and O was burnt in excess
oxygen. 8.802 g of CO2 and 3.604 g of H2O were produced.

The following spectrums show the Infrared spectra of propan-1-ol, propanal and
propanoic acid.

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2021 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf
of the United States of America. All rights reserved. Available at: https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?
ID=C71238&Units=SI&Type=IRSPEC&Index=3#IR-SPEC [Accessed 6 May 2020]. Source adapted.
NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2021 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf
of the United States of America. Available at: https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?
ID=C79094&Units=SI&Mask=80#IR-Spec [Accessed 6 May 2020]. Source adapted.

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2021 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of
the United States of America. Available at: https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?
Name=propanal&Units=SI&cIR=on&cTZ=on#IRSpec [Accessed 6 May 2020]. Source adapted.
(a) Determine the empirical formula of the compound using
section 6 of the data booklet. [3] 

(b) Determine the molecular formula of this compound if its molar

mass is 88.12 g mol−1. If you did not obtain an answer in (a) use
 CS, but this is not the correct answer.
[1] 

(c) Identify each compound from the spectra given, use

absorptions from the range of 1700 cm−1 to 3500 cm−1. Explain
the reason for your choice, referring to section 26 of the data
booklet.

[3] 

(d) Predict the number of 1H NMR signals, and splitting pattern of

the –CH3 seen for propanone (CH3COCH3) and propanal
(CH3CH2CHO).

[2] 

(e) Predict the fragment that is responsible for a m/z of 31 in the

mass spectrum of propan‑1‑ol. Use section 28 of the data
booklet. [1] 
74. [Maximum mark: 7]
The biochemical oxygen demand of a water sample can be determined by the
following series of reactions. The final step is titration of the sample with sodium
thiosulfate solution, Na2S2O3 (aq).

2Mn2+ (aq) + O2 (aq) + 4OH− (aq) → 2MnO2 (s) + 2H2O (l)

MnO2 (s) + 2I− (aq) + 4H+ (aq) → Mn2+ (aq) + I2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

2S2O32− (aq) + I2 (aq) → 2I− (aq) + S4O62− (aq)

A student analysed two 300.0 cm3 samples of water taken from the school pond:
one immediately (day 0), and the other after leaving it sealed in a dark cupboard
for five days (day 5). The following results were obtained for the titration of the
samples with 0.0100 mol dm−3 Na2S2O3 (aq).

(a) Determine the mole ratio of S2O32− to O2, using the balanced
equations. [1] 

(b) Calculate the number of moles of oxygen in the day 0 sample.

[2] 
(c) The day 5 sample contained 5.03 × 10−5 moles of oxygen.

Determine the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand of the pond,

in mg dm−3 (“parts per million”, ppm). [2] 

(d) Calculate the percentage uncertainty of the day 5 titre.

[1] 

(e) Suggest a modification to the procedure that would make the

results more reliable. [1] 
75. [Maximum mark: 7]
Xylene is a derivative of benzene. One isomer is 1,4-dimethylbenzene.

Bromine reacts with alkanes.

(a) State the number of 1H NMR signals for this isomer of xylene
and the ratio in which they appear.

Number of signals:

Ratio: [2] 

(b) Draw the structure of one other isomer of xylene which retains
the benzene ring. [1] 

(c) Identify the initiation step of the reaction and its conditions.
[2] 
(d) 1,4-dimethylbenzene reacts as a substituted alkane. Draw the
structures of the two products of the overall reaction when one
molecule of bromine reacts with one molecule of 1,4-
dimethylbenzene. [2] 

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