PROJECT
To study the factor on which the self-inductance of
a coil depends by observing the effect of this coil,
when put in series with a resistor/bulb in a circuit
fed up by an A.C. source of adjustable frequency
Class XII B
Roll Number
Submitted to Mr. Dinesh Sir
Submitted by Divyansh Taram
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. Divyansh Taram, a student of
class XII Science has successfully completed the project
in physics on the topic to study the factor on which the
self-inductance of a coil depends by observing the
effect of this coil, when put in series with a
resistor/bulb in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source of
adjustable frequency under the guidance of Mr. Dinesh
Sir, during the year 2024-25. This project is absolutely
genuine and does not indulge in plagiarism of any kind.
The references taken in making this project have been
declared at the end of this report.
Acknowledgement
I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to
Mr. Dinesh Sir, who guided me to the successful
completion of this project. I extend my hearty thanks to
Principal Mr. Ritesh Choubey Sir for his encouragement
and for all the facilities that he provided for this project
work. I sincerely appreciate this magnanimity by taking
me into his fold for which I shall remain indebted to him.
I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of
gratitude for his valuable guidance, constant
encouragement, immense motivation, which has sustained
my efforts at all the stages of this project work.
Index
S.NO. Content Page No.
1 Introduction 1
2 Aim 2
3 Apparatus Requirement 3
4 Theory 4-5
5 Procedure 6-8
6 Observation 9
7 Result 10
8 Conclusion 11
9 Bibliography 12
Introduction
Self-inductance is a fundamental property of inductors, crucial
in the functioning of many electrical devices, including
transformers, motors, and filters. When an electric current flows
through a coil, it generates a magnetic field. If the current
changes, the magnetic field also changes, inducing an
electromotive force (EMF) in the coil that opposes the change in
current. This property is defined as self-inductance, denoted by
LLL, and is measured in henries (H). The investigation aims to
explore the factors that influence self-inductance, particularly
focusing on the number of turns in the coil, the core material,
and the frequency of the alternating current (AC) source.
Aim
“To study the factors affecting the self-inductance
of a coil by observing its behavior when placed in
series with a resistor (bulb) in a circuit powered by
an AC source of adjustable frequency”
The image shows the schematic of an electrical circuit set up to measure the characteristics of a series
RLC (Resistor-Inductor-Capacitor) circuit in an AC system.
1. Power Source: The circuit is powered by a 230V, 50 Hz, single-phase AC supply.
2. Components:
o Ammeter (A): Measures the current flowing through the circuit.
o Voltmeter (V): Measures the total voltage across the RLC circuit.
3. Series RLC Circuit:
o R: Represents the resistor.
o L: Represents the inductor.
o C: Represents the capacitor.
o Each component has its own voltmeter (VR, VL, and VC) to measure the voltage
drop across the resistor, inductor, and capacitor, respectively.
4. Measurement Points:
o M and V: Indicate measurement points or reference points for the setup.
Apparatus Required
Inductor Coil: A coil with variable turns (10, 20, 30,
40 turns).
Resistor/Bulb: A 100 Ω resistor or a standard bulb.
AC Power Supply: Adjustable frequency generator
(0-1 kHz).
Ammeter: To measure the current flowing through
the circuit.
Voltmeter: To measure voltage across the coil.
Frequency Meter: To monitor the frequency of the
AC source.
Connecting Wires: To connect the components in
the circuit.
Breadboard: For assembling the circuit (optional).
Switch: To control the flow of current.
Multimeter: For additional measurements and
checks.
Theory
The self-inductance (L) of a coil is influenced by several factors:
2
N μA
L=
l
Where:
N = number of turns in the coil
μ = permeability of the core material (varies based on core
material)
A = cross-sectional area of the coil
l = length of the coil
In an AC circuit, the inductive reactance ( X ) is given by:
L
X L =2 πfl
Where f is the frequency. The total impedance Z in a series
circuit containing resistance R and inductive reactance X is
L
calculated as:
z=√ R2 + X 2L
The current I in the circuit can be derived from Ohm’s Law:
V
I=
Z
This formula will help us analyze how the current varies with
changes in frequency and the number of turns in the coil.
Procedure
Setup the Circuit: Connect the inductor coil in series
with the resistor (or bulb) and connect to the AC power
supply.
Initial Measurements: Measure the resistance of the
resistor using a multimeter.
Vary the Frequency: Adjust the frequency of the AC
source and note it with the frequency meter.
Record Measurements: For each frequency, measure
the voltage across the coil and the current through the
circuit using the ammeter and voltmeter.
Calculate Impedance: Compute the total impedance
for each frequency and derive the inductive reactance.
Repeat for Different Coils: Change the number of
turns in the coil and repeat the experiment to observe
variations in self-inductance.
Observations
The following data was collected during the experiment, where the number of turns
in the coil was varied and the frequency adjusted:
Number of Frequency Voltage (V) Current Resistance Inductive Total
Turns (N) (Hz) (A) (Ω) Reactance Impedance
(Ω) (Ω)
10 50 12 0.10 100 31.42 100.00
10 100 15 0.13 100 62.83 111.80
20 50 10 0.09 100 62.83 111.80
20 100 18 0.15 100 125.66 132.78
30 50 8 0.08 100 94.25 118.40
30 100 20 0.16 100 188.50 145.43
40 100 22 0.17 100 251.33 175.00
Results
As the frequency increases, the inductive reactance
increases significantly, leading to a higher total
impedance.
More turns in the coil lead to greater inductance,
which corresponds to increased reactance, causing the
current to decrease for the same applied voltage.
The relationship between frequency and inductive
reactance is directly proportional, while the number of
turns also affects the self-inductance positively.
Conclusion
The experiment effectively demonstrated that the self-
inductance of a coil is heavily influenced by both the
number of turns and the frequency of the alternating
current. Higher frequencies and more turns result in
increased inductive reactance and higher impedance in the
circuit, thereby affecting the overall current. This
understanding is essential for designing and optimizing
electrical circuits in practical applications.
Bibliography
Van Valkenburg, A. H. Concepts of Electric Circuits.
Alexander, C. K., & Sadiku, M. N. O. Fundamentals
of Electric Circuits.
Theraja, B. L. Basic Electronics.
NCERT, Physics Textbook for Class 12.
Wikipedia. “Inductance.”
