Mathematics in the Modern World: Unit II - Data Management
Normal Distribution and
its properties
Mr. Chris Ever S. Ron, LPT
Instructor
OBJECTIVES
• Illustrate a • Construct a • State the
normal normal curve; Empirical Rule.
random and
variable and
its properties;
There are many events in real life that generate random variables
that have the natural tendency to approximate the shape of a bell.
For example, the heights of a large number of seedlings that we see
in fields normally consist of a few tall ones, a few short ones, and
most of them having heights in between tall and short.
If a well-prepared test is admistered to a class of 50 students, there
will be a few high scores, as well as few low scores. Most of the
scores will be found in between these two extreme scores.
In reality, if a distribution consists of a very large number of cases
and the three measures of central tendency (mean, median and
mode) are equal, then the distribution is symmetrical and the
skewness is 0.
In statistics, such distribution is called normal distribution or
simply normal curve.
The normal curve has a very important role in inferential statistics.
It provides a graphical representation of statistical values that are
needed in describing characteristics of populations as well as in
making decisions.
Normal Distribution
Definition
An equation that uses the population mean 𝜇 and the
standard deviation 𝜎.
No single curve, but rather a whole family of normal
curves that have the same basic characteristics but
have different means and standard deviation.
Normal Distribution
Definition
A probability distribution of continuous random
variables.
It is easy for mathematical statisticians to work with
the normal curve. A number of hypothesis test and the
regression model are based on the assumption that the
underlying data have normal distributions.
Normal Curve
Properties
A distribution curve is a bell-shaped.
Normal Curve
Properties
The curve is symmetrical about its center.
The mean, median and mode coincide at the center.
Normal Curve
Properties
The curve is asymptotic to the base line.
Normal Curve
Properties
The area under the curve is 1. It represents the
probability/proportion/percentage associated with
specific sets of measurement values.
Two factors that may affect the Normal Curve
Factors
1. Mean
- Graph of the normal curve: left or right
Two factors that may affect the Normal Curve
Factors
2. Standard Deviation
- shape of the graph (height & width of the curve);
- SD High = Normal Curve is short and wide
- SD Low = Normal Curve is skinnier and taller
Standard Normal Curve
Definition
A normal probability distribution that has a mean 𝜇 =
0 and a standard deviation 𝜎 = 1 unit.
Empirical Rule
Definition
Every normal curve
conforms to the
Following
Empirical Rule,
68-95-99.7 Rule.
