Date: 15.11.

2024

Live MCQTM
বিবিএি, ি্যাংক ও অন্্যন্্ িরকযরী চযকুবরর প্রস্তুবি

English Wizard
Lecture: 01
Topic: Identifying Parts of Speech

Mentor:
Ema Halima
38 BCS (General Education Cadre)
th

Professor of English Dept.

Comilla Victoria Govt. college, Comilla
 Class Overview

• Part of speech িম্পর্কে ধযরণয।

• Part of speech বচবিি করযর বন্য়ম।
• Part of speech এর অিস্থযন্ ও ি্িহযর।

Parts of speech
noun
A noun is a naming word. A_©vr †h word Øviv †Kv‡bv wKQzi bv †evSvvq Zv‡K noun e‡j|
Noun suffixes :
Suffixes Gi gva¨‡g noun ‡Pbv hvq| wb¤œ enyj e¨eüZ noun suffix ¸‡jv n‡jv:
Suffix Examples of nouns
-Age Marriage, bondage, village,
-Al Arrival, burial, deferral,
-Ance/ ence Reliance, defence, insistence
-Dom Boredom, freedom, kingdom
-Ee Employee, payee, trainee
-Er/ or Driver, writer, director
-Hood Brotherhood, childhood, neighborhood
-Ism Capitalism, Marxism, socialism
-Ist Capitalist, Marxist, socialist
-Ity/ ty Brutality, equality, cruelty
-Ment Amazement, disappointment, parliament
-Ness Happiness, kindness, usefulness
-Ry Entry, ministry, robbery
-Ship Friendship, membership, workmanship
-Sion/ tion/ xion Expression, population, complexion
Th Strength, wealth, youth, truth, froth, growth, width, breadth, e¨wZµg -
loath(adjective), bequeath, betroth, (verb)
Ice Armistice, advice, device, vice, avarice, novice (e¨wZµg – notice, service –
noun & verb) entice – verb
Ery Effrontery (insolence), chicanery, trickery, greenery, dysentery,
buffoonery, cajolery, cemetery, flattery, jewellery.
Cy Agency, diplomacy, transparency, bureaucracy, decency, fallacy,
Sy Ecstasy, apostasy, hypocrisy, idiosyncrasy, gypsy, heresy, fantasy, jealousy,
biopsy, embassy, autopsy.
Ure Apperture, overture, adventure, debenture, brochure,
Um Odium, podium, opprobrium, pandemonium, moratorium, mausoleum,
interregnum,
Quy Obloquy, soliloquy
Ology Ornithology, psephology, eulogy, philology, psychology,
Ics Numismatics
Tude Ingratitude, fortitude, solitude, solicitude, servitude, vicissitude,
Our Ardour, odour, behavour, candour, splendour, clamour,
Us Consensus, hiatus, apparatus
Verb + er = noun Verb + or = noun Verb + al = noun Verb + ant verb
Resent Resenter Abduct Abductor Arrive Arrival Discuss Discussant
+er
Enable Enabler Predict Predictor Approve Approval Inhabit Inhabitant
+er
Learn Learner Elevate Elevator Betray Betrayal Complain Complainant
+ er
Oppress oppressor Renew Renewal
Withdraw Withdrawal
Deny Denial
Remove Removal
Dismiss Dismissal
Refer Referral
Verb Gi †k‡l er A_ev or ‡hvM K‡i †h noun ¸‡jv cvIqv hvq H noun ¸‡jv n‡e common noun.
Wave Weaver Learn Learner
Preach Preacher Abduct Abductor
Poach Poacher Predict Predictor
Stalk Stalker Elevate Elevator
Enable Enabler Oppress Oppressor

Pronoun
Pronoun kãwU pro & noun Gi mgš^‡qi MwVZ| pro’ A_© cwie‡Z©| myZivs noun Gi cwie‡Z© †h
word e¨üZ nq Zv‡K pronoun ejv nq| †hgb: Hafsa is a nurse. She looks after the
patients.
Mina and sara are friends. They help each other.
Ic‡ii evK¨¸‡jv‡Z she & they h_vµ‡g c~‡eeZx© ev‡K¨i Hafsa & mina BZ¨vw` noun ¸‡jvi cwie‡Z©
e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| myZivs G ¸‡jv n‡jv pronoun.

Adjective suffixes
Suffix ‡`‡L A‡bK adjective ‡K Avgiv wPb‡Z cvwi| †Kv‡bv word Gi †k‡l hw` wb‡¤œv³ suffix Gi
†Kv‡bvwU _v‡K Zvn‡j word wU mvaviYZ adjective –
Suffix examples
-Able / ible Drinkable, portable, flexible
-Al Brutal, formal, postal,
-En Broken, golden, wooden,
-Ese Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese,
-Ful Forgetful, helpful, useful
-I Iraqi, Pakistani, yemeni
-Ic Classic, Islamic, poetic
-Ish British, childish, Spanish
-Ive Active, passive, productive
-Jan Candian, Malaysian, peruvian
-Less Homeless, hopeless, useless
-Ly Daily, monthly, yearly
-Ous Cautious, famous, nervous
-Y Cloudy, rainy, windy.
 Can Lackadaisical, whimsical
Ent Latent, indolent, indigent, opulent,
Ant Dormant, vigilant, recalcitrant

Noun+ish=adjective Adjective +ish Noun +y Noun+ly =adjective

=adjective
-slave slavish - -cloud cloudy -friend friendly
black blackish

-child childish - whitish -thirst thirsty -coward cowardly

white

-fool foolish - sevenish - -dastard dastardly

seven hunger hungry

-dull dullish -anger angry - gentlemantly

gentleman

-storm stormy -order orderly

-head heady -scholar scholarly

-hand handy

-hard hardy

Exception noun+ly =adverb

Purpose purposely
Part partly

*Anomaly is a noun.
Noun+like =adjective
- Child childlike
- ghost ghostlike
- phantom phantomlike
- prince princelike
- business businesslike

✓ Article & noun Gi gv‡S GKwUgvÎ world _vK‡j Zv Aek¨B adjective n‡e|
‡hgb: The world ‘calling’ in the sentence. The calling bell is out of order,’
functions as – an adjective
The underlined words in the line ‘the lone and level sands stretch far away’
are – adjective
✓ ‡Rvim~PK ev‡K¨ adjective cÖ_g e‡m| adjective + subject + extension
blessed by your tongue. (‡Zvgi gy‡L P›`b co–K). happy are the pious. (myLx avwg©‡KivB)
sweet is the wine but sour the payment (ïay wb‡Z Rvwb, w`‡Z Rvwb bv)
 ‡hgb: Sweet are the uses of adversity (`yt‡Li cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ga~i) sweet’ is – an adjective
✓ mvaviYZ be verb Gi c‡i adjective e‡m| Z‡e noun em‡j c~‡e© article e‡m|
e.g : He is foolish (adj), He is a fool (noun); He is patient (adj) (‰ah©kxj); He is a
patient (noun) (‡ivMx)
‡hgb: The journey was pleasant. Here ‘pleasant’ is – adjective
✓ Sub + linking verb (be verb, look, seem, get etc) + W1 (adverb) +W2 (adjective)
W1= often, always, never, extremely, really, absolutely, only, quite, rather, so
e. g: The boy was very meritorious. You need to be extremely careful
(adjective)
exam: depression is often hereditary. The underlined word is a/ an – adjective
✓ `ywU noun cvkvcvwk e‡m cÖ_gwU wØZxqwU‡K qualify Ki‡j cÖ_g noun wU adjective n‡e|
‡hgb: This is a book of the English language. What part of speech is the
underlined word—adjective
The word university’ in sentence ‘The university library is very rich’ acts as –
an adjective

Verb
‡h world Øviv †Kv‡bv wKQz Kiv, hvIqv, nIqv, _vKv BZ¨vw` †evSvq Zv‡K verb e‡j|
‡Kv‡bv sentence G verb me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask | verb Qvov sentence MwVZ n‡Z cv‡i bv | G Rb¨
verb ‡K sentence Gi living world ev ev‡K¨i cÖvY ejv nq|
[Link] suffixes
‡h mKj world Gi †k‡l wb‡¤œv³ suffix ¸‡jv _v‡K †m¸‡jv mvaviYZ verb.
Suffix Examples of verbs
Ate Complicate, dominate, irriate,
En Harden, soften, shorten
Ify Beautify, clarify, identify
Ise/ ize Economies, economize, realise/ realize, industrialize
Ve Disprove, approve, improve, move
Vert Animadvert (Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv), avert ( Gwo‡q hvIqv ), revert, subvert (aŸsm Kiv), divert e¨wZµg
overt ¯úó covert (¸ß) GB `ywU kã adjective
Sume Subsume (AšÍ©f‚³ Kiv), assume, resume, consume, presume,
It Manumit (`vmZ¡ †_‡K gyw³ †`Iqv) , omit, remit, commit, admit, submit, permit, e¨wZµg
summit ( GwU GKwU noun)
Efy Rarefy, putrefy, liquefy, stupefy
De - Deride, delude, preclude, seclude, exclude, decide, divide, provide, inade e¨wZµg
abode GKwU noun
Sede Supersede
Cede Secede, accede, concede, precede, intercede
Ceed Exceed, succeed, proceed
Yse/ yze Analyse, paralyze
Ess Assess, possess, repress, depress, oppress, compress, suppress, transgress,
digress, regress. e¨wZµg success GKwU noun
Ute Persecute, execute, constitute, distribute,
Ct Depict, enact, concoct, predict, abduct, e¨wZµg edict, verdict, intellect Giv noun,
abject GKwU adjective
The Clothe, soothe, loathe, breathe, wreathe, sheathe, bathe,
Scribe Ascribe , describe, inscribe, subscribe)
Le Settle, belittle, embezzle, defile, e¨wZµg servile, puerile, juvenile, Giv adjective
Ge Arrange, manage, disparage, estrange, e¨wZµg marriage, demurrage Giv noun
Dge Abridge, lodge, acknowledge, e¨wZµg knowledge GKwU noun
Ish Punish, accomplish, publish, furnish, famish, replenish, admonish e¨wZµg
rubbish (noun) slavish, sluggish, foolish, (adjective)
Noun Gi c‡i en _vK‡j H word wU mvaviYZ verb n‡e|
St: noun + en = verb
Heart Hearten
Threat Threaten
Fright Frighten
Strength Strengthen
Length Lengthen
Light Enlighten/ lighten
Life Enliven

Noun Verb Adjective

Gold Gild Golden
Earth Unearth Earthen / earthly
Wood X Wooden
Wool X Woollen/ woolen
Silk X Silken
Oak X Oaken

Adjective Gi c‡i en _vK‡j H word wU mvaviYZ verb n‡e|

St: adjective + en = verb
Adjective + en = verb Adjective + en = verb
Short Shorten Haste Hasten
Slack Slacken Glad Gladden
Flat Fatten Soft Soften
Moist Moisten Stiff Stiffen
Fresh Freshen Straight Straighten
Sweet Sweeten Bright Brighten
Black Blacken Worse Worsen
Wide Widen Weak Weaken
Mad Madden Broad Broaden
Dead Deaden Sad Sadden
Deep Deepen Tight Tighten
Red Redden Tough Toughen
White Whiten Thick Thicken
Dark Darken Rough Roughen
Hard Harden Light Lighten
Deaf Deafen Sharp Sharpen
Damp Dampen
Noun A_ev adjective Av‡M en _vK‡j H word wU mvaviYZ verb n‡e|
St: en + noun = verb
 En + noun = Verb En + adjective = Verb
Grave Engrave Rich Enrich
Gulf Engulf Able Enable
Tomb Entomb Noble Ennoble
List Enlist Large Enlarge
Roll Enroll Dear Endear
Slave Enslave Feeble Enfeeble
Shrine Enshrine
Danger Endanger
Act Enact
Circle Encircle
Courage Encourage
Snare Ensnare
Trap Entrap
Cadre Encadre
Force Enforce
Venom Envenom
Title Entitle

Noun A_ev adjective Av‡M be _vK‡j H word wU mvaviYZ verb n‡e|

St: be + noun/ adj = verb
Friend Befriend
Fool Befool
Little Belittle
Siege Besiege
Heard Behead
Lie Lie / belie.
Late Belate
Noun A_ev adjective Av‡M em _vK‡j H word wU mvaviYZ verb n‡e|

St: em + noun/ adj = verb

Poison Empoison
Power Empower
Body Embody
Bitter Embitter
Bold Embolden
Brave Embrave
Purple Empurple
Im + noun = verb
St : im + noun = verb
Passion Impassion
Peril Imperil
Prison Imprison
 People Gi verb n‡e populate Deep Gi verb n‡e do
new Gi verb n‡e renew Poor Gi verb n‡e impoverish
Long Gi verb n‡e prolong English Gi verb n‡e englicize
Guest Gi verb n‡e entertain Drama Gi verb n‡e dramatize
Publicity Gi verb n‡e publish Trauma Gi verb n‡e traumatize
Blood Gi verb n‡e bleed Stigma Gi verb n‡e stigmatize
Brotherhood Gi verb n‡e fraternize System Gi verb n‡e systematize
Home Gi verb n‡e domesticate Error Gi verb n‡e err
Democracy Gi verb n‡e democratize Idea Gi verb n‡e ideate
Essential Gi verb n‡e enssentialise Speech Gi verb n‡e speak
Necessary Gi verb n‡e necessitate Knowledge Gi verb n‡e know
Breach Gi verb n‡e break

Noun used as verb : arm, beef, baby, brush, book, bag, cage, centre,
chair, court, cow, dance, dog, dream, eye, fish, filed, iron, pen, floor, flock,
mind, land, pocket, telephone, hammer, husband, can/ sack/ fire, hand,
head, master, man, massacre, monitor, minute, second, wage, water,
captain, tour, holiday, vacation , winter, summer, chair, table, discipline,
mind, witness.

✓ Subject Gi c‡i †Kv‡bv word e‡m KvR Kiv, nIqv, _vKv, Ae¯’v, wb‡`©k Ki‡j Zv Aek¨B verb n‡e|
Exam: He fathered the plan. Here the word ‘father’ is – a verb
✓ Imperative sentence ïi‡Z verb e‡m| mind your language. fvlv mshZ Kiæb/
f`ªfv‡e K_v ejyb|
‡hgb: Mind your own business. (wb‡Ri Kv‡R gb `vI) here ‘mind’ is --- verb
✓ Let us/ me/ him etc. Gi c‡i verb e‡m| let us holiday / vacation / summer /
winter abroad.
Exam: let us winter in Malaysia (Pj gvj‡qwkqvi kxZKvj KvUvB) - verb
✓ Relative pronoun Gi c‡i †Kv‡bv word e‡m †Kv‡bv KvR Kiv eySv‡j Zv verb n‡e|
‡hgb: All that glitters is not gold – here the word ‘glitters’ is – verb
✓ To Gi c‡i †Kv‡bv word e‡m †Kv‡bv KvR Kiv, nIqv, _vKv, Ae¯’v eySv‡j Zv verb n‡e|
‡hgb: try to better your lot. Here ‘better’ is – verb

Adverb
†h world, noun & pronoun e¨ZxZ †h †Kv‡bv parts of speech ‡K GgbwK, GKwU cy‡iv
sentence ‡K modify K‡i Zv‡K adverb e‡j| †hgb:
The fox runs quickly.
GLv‡b quickly’ kãwU run GB verb wU‡K modify K‡i| myZivs quickly’ kãwU GKwU adverb.
The girl is a very beautiful girl.
GLv‡b very’ kãwU beautiful GB adjective wU‡K modify K‡i| myZivs very’ kãwU GKwU
adverb.
She sings extremely well.
GLv‡b extremely’ kãwU well GB adverb wU‡K modify K‡i| myZivs extremely’ kãwU GKwU
adverb.
The bird flew exactly over our head.
 GLv‡b exactly’ kãwU over GB preposition wU‡K modify K‡i| myZivs exactly’ kãwU GKwU
adverb.
I dislike him simply because he is a liar.
GLv‡b simply’ kãwU because GB conjunction wU‡K modify K‡i| myZivs simply’ kãwU GKwU
adverb.
Unfortunately, he could not continue his studies,
GLv‡b unfortunately’ kãwU sentence GB verb wU‡K modify K‡i| myZivs unfortunately’
kãwU GKwU adverb.

2. Adverb suffixes
Suffix Examples of adverbs
Ly Calmly, easily, quickly
Ward (s) Downwards, homeward(s), upwards
Wise Anti – clockwise, clockwise, edgewise

Note
a. Z‡e A‡bK adverb Av‡Q hv‡`i‡K Gfv‡e suffix ‡`‡L †Pbv hv‡e bv|
b. adverb Gi GKwU common suffix n‡jv - ly, Z‡e g‡b ivLv `iKvi †h - ly hy³ mKj word B
adverb bq| wKQz adjective i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jvi †k‡l -ly _v‡K †hgb: costly, deadly, kindly, likely,
manly, timely, fatherly, motherly, BZ¨vw`|

adjective+ly=adverb
careful carefully
careless carelessly
vigilant vigilantly
attentive attentively
persistent persistently

Ic +ally=adverb
Drastic drastically
dramatic dramatically

✓ mvaviYZ Intransitive verb Gi c‡i Ges transitive verb Gi object Gi c‡i adverb e‡m|
✓ Transitive verb Gi object bv _vK‡j verb Gi c‡iB adverb e‡m|
‡hgb: The programmer was telecast / broadcast live. Here live (jvBf&) is – adverb
✓ Linking verb Gi c‡i adjective e‡m| e.g: he is / seems/ looks/ feels better / tired today.
wKšÍ action verb Gi c‡i adverb n‡e| e.g: I know nouns
Exam: I know better. The underlined word – an adverb
✓ Transitive verb Gi object c‡i †Kv‡bv word e‡m Zv verb wU‡K modify Zv adverb n‡e|
E. g; people like hum little. = people hardly like him. (‡jvKRb Zv‡K cQ›`B K‡i bv)
wKšÍ object ‡K modify Ki‡j Zv adjective n‡e| e. g: I like my tea hot. = I like hot tea.
Exam: I have read the novel twice (Avwg Dcb¨vmwU `yBevi c‡owQ) = adverb
✓ evK¨i Dci A_ev verb Dci †Rvi cÖ`vb Ki‡Z sentence ïiæ‡Z verb c~‡e© adverb e‡m|
down went the titanic. UvBUvwbKwU Wz‡eB †Mj| away he went. ‡m P‡jB †Mj|
negative adverb + auxiliary verb + subject + main verb + extension
hardly do I smoke. Avwg aygcvb KwiB bv | Seldom had he such beauty. Ggb †mŠ›`h© †m †`‡LBwb|
 exam: Down went the titanic. The word ‘down’ is --- adverb
✓ Preposition Gi c‡i noun / pronoun bv _vK‡j preposition wU adverb n‡e|
Please, come in. please, sit down. Prices are up. Read it over carefully. They arrived
soon after.
e¨wZµg : verb Gi c‡i in, off, up, down, GKvKx _vK‡jI A_©vbymv‡i Giv adjective n‡Z cv‡i|
e.g: The network is up (Pvjy / Kvh©Ki) / down (AKv©Ki); loose pants are in (Pvjy I RbwcÖq)
again.
✓ hZ - ZZ A‡_© Comparative degree (= the CD, the CD--) e¨eüZ Zv (CD) adverb n‡e|
✓ subject Gi principle verb Gi ga¨eZx© word wU adverb nq| I hardly meet her. (adv)
or, auxiliary verb Ges main verb Gi ga¨eZx© word wU adverb nq| he has just gone out
(adv)
✓ always, often, usually, seldom, hardly, rarely, never, still BZ¨vw` adverb ¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb:
structure: subject + adverb + principal verb + extension (present / past
indefinite tense)
I always remember the holiday I spent in your home. (†Zvgvi evwo‡Z KvUv‡bv QzwUi K_v me©`vB
Avgvi g‡b c‡o)
I hardly go out after dusk. (Avwg mܨvi c‡i K`vwPr evB‡i hvB)
I hardly meet her (Zvi mv‡_ Avgvi †`LvB nq bv)
Structure: subject +auxiliary verb + adverb + main verb+ extension (other tenses)
Z‡e main verb wU n‡j be verb Gi c‡i G mKj adverb e‡m|
e.g: I am usually / always / never busy. He is often late for school.
✓ Always, often, quite, usually, seldom, Hardly, rarely, never, sometimes BZ¨vw` adverb
¸‡jv ev‡K¨i A‡_©i ¸iæZ¡ I fve Abymv‡i cÖ_‡g ev †k‡l e¨eüZ nq | Giv me mgqB adverb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|

Preposition
‘Pre’ A_© c~‡e© Avi position A_© Ae¯’vb| †h word ‡Kv‡bv noun & pronoun Gi c~‡e© e‡m, †mB noun
ev pronoun G mv‡_ ev‡K¨i AšÍM©Z Aci †Kv‡bv word Gi mv‡_ m¤^Ü cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K preposition ejv
nq| †hgb:
The lamp is on the table
The woman is near the tubewell.

✓ mvaviYZ noun, noun phrase A_ev pronoun Gi c~‡e© preposition (‡cÖcwRkb) e‡m|
Noun phrase Gi Example Noun phrase Gi MVb Example
MVb
Article +noun The battle Article + adjective + The civil law
noun
Article + The brave Article + adverb + A very good
adjective adjective+ noun girl
Adjective + Hot water Possessive + noun Our heard
noun
✓ Article + noun (noun phrase) Gi c~‡e© preposition e‡m| I saw the man near
the station
Exam: beyond the river lay a little village. Name the parts of speech of
the underlined word – preposition
✓ Article + adjective (= plural common noun = noun phrase) Gi c~‡e©
preposition e‡m|
 ✓ Article + adjective + noun (noun phrase) Gi c~‡e© preposition e‡m|
✓ Pronoun Gi c~‡e© preposition e‡m| Z‡e personal pronoun n‡j object form
n‡q _v‡K|
Don’t talk like that. He sat next me in the class. Come and sit by me.
What do you know about him? There is none to look after me here.
everyone was there but him.
✓ Possessive + noun (= noun phrase) Gi c~‡e© preposition e‡m|

Conjunction
‘Con’ A_© GKÎÕ Ges junction gv‡b ms‡hvM| myZivs conjunction gv‡b GKÎ ms‡hvM| †h word ‡Kv‡bv
word Gi mv‡_ word, phrase Gi mv‡_ phrase Ges clause Gi mv‡_ clause hy³ K‡i Zv‡K
conjunction e‡j|

✓ †Kvb word `ywU sentence / clause / phrase ev word †K hy³ Ki‡j word wU
conjunction n‡e|
‡hgb: five years have passed since I met you last. – conjunction

The END