IOT BASED HOME AUTOMATION USING RASPBERRY PI

Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

degree of Bachelor of Technology

in

Computer Science and Engineering/Information Technology

By

Siddharth Malik(151300)

Deepam Chaurishi (151259)

Under the supervision

of

Dr. Ekta Gandotra

to

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat, Solan-

173215, Himachal Pradesh

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 Candidate’s Declaration

I hereby declare that the work presented in this report entitled “IOT BASED HOME
AUTOMATION USING RASPBERRY PI” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering
submitted in the department of Computer Science & Engineering and Information

Technology, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat is an authentic

record of my own work carried out over a period from August 2018 to May 2019 under the
supervision of Dr. Ekta Gandotra (Assistant Professor Sr. Grade, Department of CSE and
IT).

The context in the report is not submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma.

Siddharth Malik (151300) Deepam Chaurishi (151259)

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidates is true to the best of my
knowledge.

Dr. Ekta Gandotra

Assistant Professor Sr. Grade

Department of CSE and IT

Dated: 10 May, 2019

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 Acknowledgement

It is our privilege to express our sincerest regards to our project supervisor Dr. Ekta
Gandotra for their valuable inputs, able guidance, encouragement, whole-hearted
cooperation and direction throughout the duration of our project.

We deeply express our sincere thanks to our Head of Department Prof. Dr. Satya Prakash
Ghrera for encouraging and allowing us to present the project on the topic “IOT BASED
HOME AUTOMATION USING RASPBERRY PI” at our department premises for the
award of our B. Tech degree.

I would also like to express my sincere thanks to all my friends and others who have helped
me directly or indirectly during the project work.

Date: 10-5-2019 Siddharth Malik(151300)

Deepam Chaurishi(151259)

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER

LIST OF FIGURES----------------------------------------------------------------------------vi - vii

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS----------------------------------------viii

ABSTRACT--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ix

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION---------------------------------------------------------------1 - 5

1.1 INTRODUCTION-------------------------------------------------------------------1

1.2 BACKGROUND---------------------------------------------------------------------2

1.3 HOME AUTOMATION------------------------------------------------------------3

1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT---------------------------------------------------------5

1.5 OBJECTIVE--------------------------------------------------------------------------5

CHAPTER-2 METHODOLOGY---------------------------------------------------------------6 - 10

2.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM---------------------------------------------------------------6

2.2 UPDATES-----------------------------------------------------------------------------7

2.3 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSORS--------------------------------7

2.3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM------------------------------------------------------7

2.4 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION----------------------------------------------8

2.5 WIRELESS BASED HOME AUTOMATION-----------------------------------10

CHAPTER-3 LITERATURE SURVEY--------------------------------------------------------12 - 17

3.1 RASPBERRY PI BASED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING

INTERNET OF THINGS-----------------------------------------------------------------12

3.2 RASPBERRY PI BASED HOME AUTOMATION WITH WIRELESS

SENSORS USING SMART PHONE---------------------------------------------------13

3.2.1 TRANSMITTING DATA TO RASPBERRY PI----------------------13

3.2.2 RECEIVING DATA FROM RASPBERRY PI------------------------14

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 3.3 HOME AUTOMATION CONTROL SYSTEM USING SMS-----------------15

3.4 HOME AUTOMATION USING ANDROID APPLICATION-----------------16

3.5 HOME AUTOMATION USING WIFI--------------------------------------------17

CHAPTER-4 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES--------------------------------------------------18 - 28

4.1 PIR SENSOR---------------------------------------------------------------------------18

4.2 DHT11 SENSOR-----------------------------------------------------------------------20

4.3 DS18B20 SENSOR--------------------------------------------------------------------23

4.4 RASPBERRY PI-----------------------------------------------------------------------24

4.5 12V FAN--------------------------------------------------------------------------------27

4.6 INSTALLING RASPBERRY PI IN PC--------------------------------------------28

CHAPTER-5 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION OF HOME AUTOMATION-----------34 - 37

5.1 RESULTS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------34

5.2 ADVANTAGES OF HOME AUTOMATION------------------------------------35

5.2.1 ENERGY SAVINGS-------------------------------------------------------35

5.2.2 CONVENIENCE-----------------------------------------------------------36

5.2.3 SECURITY------------------------------------------------------------------36

5.3 DISADVANTAGES-------------------------------------------------------------------36

5.3.1 RELIABILITY--------------------------------------------------------------36

5.3.2 COMPLEX TECHNOLOGY---------------------------------------------36

5.3.3 EXPENSIVE----------------------------------------------------------------37

5.4 FUTURE SCOPE OF PROJECT----------------------------------------------------37

5.4.1 GROWTH IN AUTOMATION MARKET IN INDIA----------------37

5.4.2 COMMODIFICATION OF AUTOMATION MARKET-------------37

CONCLUSION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39

REFRENCES----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NUMBER TITLE PAGE NUMBER

Fig 1.1 Automated House 1

Fig 1.2 Various appliances connected to a device 4

Fig 2.1 Circuit Diagram of model 6

Fig 2.2 Flow diagram of different sensors with raspberry pi 7

Fig 2.3 Server Client connection establishment 8

Fig 2.4 Raspberry pi connected to a battery 10

Fig 3.1 Automated home flow diagram 12

Fig 3.2 Transmitting data to raspberry pi 13

Fig 3.3 Receiving data from Raspberry pi 14

Fig 4.1 PIR sensor 18

Fig 4.2 PIR circuit diagram 18

Fig 4.3 Detection method of PIR sensor 19

Fig 4.4 DHT11 sensor 20

Fig 4.5 Resistance vs Temperature graph 21

Fig 4.6 DHT11 circuit diagram 22

Fig 4.7 DS18B20 sensor 23

Fig 4.8 Raspberry Pi 24

Fig 4.9 Raspberry pi pin descriptions 26

Fig 4.10 12V Mini Fan 27

Fig 4.11 Installation stage 28

Fig 4.12 Raspberry pi being setup in the PC 28

Fig 4.13 Raspi-config 29

Fig 4.14 Virtual breadboard connections 29

Fig 4.15 Interface of mobile application 30

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Fig 4.16 Interface of PC application 31

Fig 4.17 Multiple options provided by the app 31

Fig 4.18 Description of the different sensors 32

Fig 4.19 Working project model 33

Fig 5.1 DHT11 readings 34

Fig 5.2 Screenshot of temperature reading in app 35

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 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATIONS FULL FORM

AIS Automatic Irrigation Sysem

T&H Temperature and Humidity

I/O Input,Output

Hz Hertz

V Volts

IDE Integrated Development Environment

KHz Kilo-Hertz

IDC Insulation Displacement Connector

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 ABSTRACT

Home automation plays an important role in establishing a smart home and is an ever
exciting field that have grown largely over the last few years. New innovations has made
the homes progressively appropriate, efficient and much increasingly secured. The low
cost devices used for joining the various electronic equipments and different sensors over
an internet connection are supported and connected with the help of the Raspberry pi.
Creating a smart home which can be effectively controlled and observed by the Raspberry
pi by the means of Internet of Things is the principle target of present work.
This gives home owners a very dependable, simple and a quick approach to automate
the environment.
In this project we have made a similar and more convenient working model where the
light, fans and PIR sensors can be controlled via smart phone also the change in
temperature and humidity can be monitored on our smart phones and can be controlled by
taking the required measures without taking much overhead.

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 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Home automation is an important milestone that has played an important role in achieving an
intelligent network and is always an exciting field that has exploded in recent years.
Technological advances have made homes cheaper, more efficient and safer. The
introduction of the Raspberry Pi in the world of residential automation has provided many
adaptations to transform a common home into a smart home. Raspberry Pi provides us with
an economical platform to connect electrical / electronic devices and different sensors at
home with the help of the Internet. The main objective of the current work is to design a
smart home that can be controlled and monitored using Raspberry Pi via the Internet of
Things (IoT). This will help owners provide a simple, fast and reliable way to automate their
type of environment. It is essentially the automation of domestic, domestic or domestic
activities. It can also include centralized control of lights and devices, HVAC control
(heating, ventilation and air conditioning), security locks, etc. Its sole purpose offers greater
comfort, efficiency, energy efficiency and safety.

Figure 1.1: Automated House

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Internet Of Things (IoT) is the association of physical things embedded inside the
programming projects, sensors, contraptions, and framework arrange which helps in enabling
these articles in social occasion and exchanging the data. In home mechanization splendid
contraptions and sensors distinguishes the physical experiences and changes over into stream
of information data. The critical parts of home mechanization reliant on IoT are sensor
systems and raspberry pi. Sensor systems are used for distinguishing and watching while
raspberry pi is used for get-together the data, checking the data and manages the contraptions
like light, fan, light, any sort of entryway development and opening-closing of windows.
Accept the light is less and I will feel awkward by then by the encompassing lights then it
will normally open up the blinds . As such, the home automisation can be portrayed as a part
which ousts as much human obstruction as much as in truth possible and appealing in various
family strategies and superseding them with the redid electronic systems. As it is a system
that focuses in upgrading the individual fulfillment with the mechanization of family unit
exercises which can be overseen over the Internet.

1.2 Background

The primary smart homes were just thoughts and not genuine structures. For the decades, sci-
fi has been investigating home automation. A few essayists has envisioned a future where
homes are intelligent, and apparently use to run themselves.

Despite the fact that the possibility of home automation has been around us for quite a while,
yet genuine keen homes have been in the presence in a brief time.

1901 – 1920– The invention of home appliances – Home machines were used to be a
fabulous achievement in the mid twentieth century. These achievements began with the event
to initially engine filled vacuum cleaner in 1902. A progressively logical Electricity -
controlled vaccum was prepared in 1909. All through the two decades refrigerators would be
created, and moreover pieces of clothing dryers, toasters, irons, garments washers and an
altogether more.

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1966 - 1968 – ECHO IV and the Kitchen Computer –Although it was not commercially
sold, the ECHO IV was the first smart device. This clever device can be used for computing
shopping lists, controlling the house temperature and turning home appliances on and off
when required.

1997- 2000s Smart Homes- Smart homes or has begun to rise since the early 2000s. Smart
homes very quickly became a very affordable option, and therefore it became a very viable
technology for the consumers. Some domestic technologies like home networking and several
other devices started appearing on the stores.

Present Smart Homes- These days smart homes have turned more towards security and
living in an environment friendly manner. They are much more sustainable and they ensures
that our homes won’t expend any unnecessary energy. Also they help’s in alerting us to
intruders.

Current fashions in home automation include remote mobile control, automated lights,
scheduling appliances, automated thermostate, mobile/email or text notifications, and video
surveillance.

1.3 Home Automation

The facilitation for the consumer to automate houses remotely is the main target of this
machine. There may be a need to automate homes in order that customers can take advantage
of the technological advancement in any such manner that someone is able to send a signal to
the home control centre while he/she forgets to show off devices together with air conditioner
as opposed to returning domestic. Further to this home safety has additionally been a chief
trouble. Therefore here we develop a gadget that lets in person to govern home appliances
from anywhere he wishes and on every occasion he wishes. Faraway shrewd home systems
may additionally include centralized manipulate of lights, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air
conditioners), home equipment and any other safety structures, to provide advanced
convenience, energy performance, comfort and security. The recognition of faraway
intelligent home machine has been on increase substantially throughout the latest years due to
plenty of better availability and simplicity through internet connectivity.

3
A home automation framework commonly associates connected gadgets to a focal center
point or "portal". The UI for control of the framework utilizes either tablets, personal
computers, a cell phone application, or a Web interface, that may likewise be available on a
website over the Internet.

While there are many competing sellers, there are very few worldwide accepted industry
standards and the smart home space is heavily fragmented. Makers regularly avoid free usage
by retention documentation and by suit.

Fig 1.2: Various appliances connected to a device

The idea of the "Internet of Things" is nearly connected with the commercialization of
Domestic and Industrial automation. As the quantity of controllable gadgets in the homes are
rising, interconnection and correspondence between the gadgets is getting to be troublesome.
Remote wise home framework can likewise give a remote interface to Domestic, Industrial
machines or the frameworks itself, through phone line, remote transmission or the internet, to
give control and observing by means of a Smartphone or a program. A case of remote
observing is:

The Remote clever home framework could be activated if a smoke indicator distinguishes a
fire or smoke condition, making all lights in the house flicker to caution any inhabitants of
the house to the conceivable crisis.

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1.4 Problem Statement

The goal of my project is to help users manage the devices with their smartphones and help
the elderly or disabled to live a more independent life as long as possible. Our idea will allow
a user with any Android device to run downloadable software on any mobile device, such as
a smartphone. This application will allow users to control a device attached to any Pi-enabled
device. The purpose of our application will be to manage a security system with web camera
surveillance, door sensor notification and a light control system. The sensors will be
connected to devices with Pi so that they can be monitored and controlled completely.

Accept an agent has gotten down to business and in the midst of this period a cheat sneaks up
into the house overcoming a window. The proposed structure would enable the clientato
screen his home when a door or a window sensor triggers the alarm. Customer can screen his
home with webcam and could expeditiously enlighten adjacent master or a policeman. The
Client can similarly check the status of the outside lights and murder on and the lights
without the need to get up. These devices would in like manner benefit the customers with
confined adaptability that may have a troublesome time getting to or despite accomplishing
their light switch. The UI will be as fundamental and astounding as could be permitted and
will work in a selforganized way.

1.5 OBJECTIVE

The objective is to design and create a home automation system with the help of IoT(internet
of things).

To help the home owners to provide a simple, reliable and fast way to automate their home
environment.

The objective of our framework is on a very basic level to manage the residential systems that
may ordinarily be troublesome for the people who are old or impeded to bargain [Link]
proposed thought will allow a customer with any android engaged device to run a touch of
installable programming on any mobile phone.

5
 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY

First of all, we need to design the vessel to place the circuit in that to avoid water or some
other damage.

Plant pot can either be:

 Created with the help of clay.

 Can be cut out off the required measurements from any already existing pot.

2.1 Circuit Diagram

Fig 2.1: Circuit Diagram of model

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2.2 Updates
This system will give signals for every process which is currently in progress like

1. In the event that gadget indicates blue flag it implies plant is thirsty.
2. Red signals implies plant is too cool or hot all these depends upon the nature of
condition around them.
3. On the chance when Yellow appears , it implies no light (Sleeping mode).
4. If green appears then it means everything is going good and all the conditions are
5. appropriate.

2.3 Temperature and humidity sensors

In the pot DHT11 and DHT22 temperature and humidity sensors are used which are new
models for estimation. In this temperature is shown in Celsius and it indicates humidity.

The DHT11 demonstrates 20% to 80% perusing and having +-.5 of accuracy,it might
increase or decrease slightly.

2.3.1 Block Diagram:

Fig 2.2: Flow diagram of different sensors connected with raspberry pi

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2.4 Hardware Implementation
To show the hardware implementation we have the following flow diagram.

Fig 2.3: Server Client connection establishment

The entire square graph can be isolated into two segments, one is server side and the other
one is client side or client side.

Server side is completely presented on the Raspberry pi. Server is created on the raspberry pi
with the help of the Linux, PHP MySql,Apache or we can call it as LAMP. Two PHP records
are delivered and set away on the Server side that we have framed on the Raspberry pi.
Raspberry pi have 40 GPIO pins, and all of these pins helps in controlling the home
appliances.

Exchanges are also connected with the GPIO pins of the Raspberry pi with the help of the
hand-off driver hardware. Yield the GPIO pins gives is 3.3V. To drive hand-off least 6V
voltage is required. This can be acquired through the transfer driver circuitry and all the home
apparatuses are associated with the hand-off.

Client side is just a User side. Clients need to use Mobile device to get to the Raspberry pi
through the web. At the point when the client makes the association of versatile device in
system and by consequently putting the IP address of the Raspberry pi in the program of
Mobile gadget it will have the ability to see the page which contains UI to control home
machines in each room. UI fundamentally shows the individual number of rooms and home

8
apparatuses present in each room. It furthermore contains changes to flip the status of home
apparatuses of each room .A number of home machines can be controlled in the meantime.
The entire square graph can be isolated into two segments, one is server side and the other
one is client side or client side.

Server side is totally introduced on the Raspberry pi. Server is produced on the raspberry pi
with the assistance of the Linux, Apache, MySql PHP or we can call it as LAMP. Two PHP
records are produced and put away on the Server side that we have created on the Raspberry
pi. Raspberry pi have 40 GPIO pins, and every one of these pins helps in controlling the
home apparatuses.

Transfers are additionally associated with the GPIO pins of the Raspberry pi with the
assistance of the hand-off driver circuitry. Yield the GPIO pins gives is 3.3V. To drive hand-
off least 6V voltage is required. This can be acquired through the transfer driver circuitry and
all the home apparatuses are associated with the hand-off.

Client side is just a User side. Clients need to use Mobile device to get to the Raspberry pi
through web. At the point when the client makes the association of versatile device in system
and by consequently putting the IP address of the Raspberry pi in the program of Mobile
gadget it will have the ability to see the page which contains UI to control home machines in
each room. UI fundamentally shows the individual number of rooms and home apparatuses
present in each room. It furthermore contains changes to flip the status of home apparatuses
of each room.

9
2.5 Wireless Based Home Automation
Remote home automation should be possible by utilizing ZigBee .ZigBee is a remote
innovation for home automation which can give us high security) and IoT. The
computerization can be utilized in homes, workplaces, schools, or in universities too. We can
control warming, lighting, molding, ventilation, locks for security reason and so on. It
expands the adaptability, solace, security and comfort. Remote based control framework
consolidates the different advancements like Wi-Fi and bluetooth. Utilizing remote
innovation machines can be associated utilizing different systems administration advances.
Discourse based directions can likewise be utilized in remote control framework. It
consolidates the arduino/raspberry pi, Wi-Fi, and sensors. Linux working framework is
utilized, which gives wise control module comprising learning catching and example
acknowledgment framework. Pc is associated with raspberry pi and correspondence is
finished utilizing the Wi-Fi.

Fig 2.4: Raspberry pi connected to a battery

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The list of devices and sensors used in this project are as follows:

1. Raspberry pi
2. Power source
3. DST11 sensor(temperature/humidity sensor)
4. RGB led module
5. Light sensor
6. PIR sensor
7. DS18B20 sensor
8. Magnets
9. Jumper wires

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 CHAPTER 3:
LITERATURE SURVEY

3.1 Raspberry Pi Based Home Automation System using internet of things:

This current task's primary center is for the security and to screen the gadgets utilizing
raspberry pi sensors, MSP430 microcontroller. Raspberry pi assumes a noteworthy job in
dealing with the execution of code and handling it. The Raspberry pi here is associated with
web by means of a Modulator and Demodulator (MODEM) to deal with or get to the
different messages sent to the client. The gadget (home machines) to control has been
coordinated with the circuit utilizing a hand-off channel because of high voltage appraisals of
home apparatuses. To see the updates of machines this task makes utilization of a display
screen which is associated with the Raspberry pi.

Fig 3.1: Automated home flow diagram

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3.2 Raspberry pi based home automation with wireless sensors using smart
phone:

The home automation system is developed using Raspberry Pi, by reading algorithms and
subject of emails. The Raspberry Pi is guaranteed to be an efficient implementation platform
and proven to be an intelligent and economical home automation system. Home automation
using Raspberry pi is better than any other residential automation method implemented in
other ways. For example, using home automation DTMF (Dual Tone Multi-Frequency), the
detection rate proved to be a big drawback, that is, the problem that cannot be mentioned in
the proposed method. Even though Web servers are designed for home automation and the
required storage space through a web server, they are ignored in this way because it only uses
web server services that have been set up via email. The LED is used to identify the
switching action. The system is an efficient and flexible interactive system. Send a command
to the Raspberry Pi, run on the server side of our laptop or the web server receives the user
side input command and the script sent correctly to the client (Raspberry Pi). Here, these
inputs are used as commands to turn the lights on/off. When we give the command to turn on
the light script server side, the data and information activation relays are forwarded to the
Raspberry Pi and GPIO pins. The system can send the current update to the server to detect if
the light is on/off.

3.2.1 Transmitting data to raspberry pi

Fig 3.2: Transmitting data to raspberry pi

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3.2.2 Receiving Data from the Raspberry Pi

Fig 3.3: Receiving data from Raspberry pi

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3.3 Home Automation control system using SMS

In the realm of computerization we need our day by day life to be controlled remotely. The
point of the task is controlling of home machines remotely when the client is far from the
place. This is SMS based framework and client employments remote innovation (GSM). The
framework utilizes GSM innovation in this manner giving all around access to the framework
for mechanized machine control.8051 Micro Controller is the crucial part of this task. The
fundamental target of this venture is to research controlling of home apparatuses remotely
and cost successfully. The inspiration was to encourage the clients to robotize their homes
having remotely widespread access. The home machines control framework with a
compelling expense was believed to be constructed that ought to be versatile giving remote
access controlling plan to the apparatuses.

Screen and control house or office mechanical assemblies and supplies effectively through
the mobile phone set by sending Commands as SMS messages and getting the contraptions
status. The rule thought driving this endeavor is getting the sent SMS and further dealing with
it as required to play out a couple of undertakings. The possibility of the SMS sent picks the
sort of movement. The undertaking depends on a very direct standard. In any case, the SMS
sent is secured and accumulated from the getting versatile station and after that the required
control banner is delivered and sent to the moderate gear that we have arranged by the course
got from the sent message. A microcontroller based using SMS structure has been proposed
for our endeavor. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication): It is a cell
correspondence standard. SMS (Short Message Service): it is an organization open on
electronic mobile phones that permits the sending of short substance messages (content
information administration).

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3.4 Home Automation using Android Application

The home computerization frameworks are picking up prominence step by step because of
their usability and wide activities capacities. Some require home computerization framework
to fulfill their necessities and comfort while for physically tested individuals it can give
extraordinary help. There have been a few looks into and advancements on the home
automation frameworks. In the present occasions, we can discover the vast majority of the
general population sticking to their versatile telephones and keen gadgets for the duration of
the day. Subsequently with the assistance of his sidekick – a portable telephone, some day by
day family assignments can be achieved by exemplifying the utilization of the versatile

telephone. To build up an Automatic Control framework that helps in controlling the gadgets
associated with it, with the assistance of Wi-Fi interconnection. To facilitate the method for
getting to the gadgets in controlling it, and keeping up the best possible log of the information
which the gadget detects. To build up a framework which would be extremely helpful for
impeded people in doing works all alone without looking for any assistance.

a) The proposed framework depends on the interconnection between Wi-Fi modules in which
the customer wifi modules will be connetected to the station wifi module which will give
directions through the advanced cell which is associated with the same as an outside gadget,
will have need in giving directions and removing work over them, works in master slave
guideline.

b) There won't be any hand-off associations between the gadgets which helps in diminishing
the time required in information exchange what's more, loosing of information.

c) There would be a persistent checking of information that is being exchanged and

furthermore producing a log out of it.

d) Mobile application is being created for a easy to use collaboration between the client
what's more, the gadgets.

e) The entire framework is remote, so there won't be any misfortune in information at most
extreme and likewise there won't be any issue due to wiring.

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3.5 Home Automation Using WIFI

MOTIVATION

Now and again there might be impaired individuals in house and they are not ready to move
much of the time for controlling machines in house, so utilizing home computerization
framework these individuals can without much of a stretch control every one of the machines.
For impaired individuals it is fundamental to create home robotization framework which
required less and simple client communication.

In this framework android application used to send flag to arduino board and Wi-Fi module
associated with arduino gives this flag to arduino for controlling machines utilizing transfer
board.

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 CHAPTER 4:

TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

4.1 PIR Sensor

Fig 4.1: PIR sensor

Fig 4.2: PIR circuit diagram

Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) works as:

Passive infrared sensor have the work of detecting the change in temperature or detecting the
change in heat in the room in which PIR sensor is placed it helps in detecting us if an animal
or human being has passed by in front of the PIR sensor.

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The PIR sensor contains two openings in it, each space is made of an extraordinary
material that is delicate to IR. At the point when the sensor is inactive, both the openings
will distinguish a similar measure of infrared, the encompassing radiations transmitted
from the rooms or dividers or outside. At the point when a warm body like a human or
any creature cruises by, it first catches one portion of the PIR sensor, which causes a
positive differential change between the two parts. At the point when the warm body
leaves the detecting region, the turn around occurs, whereby the sensor creates a
negative differential change. These change beats are what is distinguished.

Fig 4.3: Detection method of PIR sensor

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4.2 DHT11 Sensor

Fig 4.4: DHT11 sensor

The DHT11 is an extremely important and advanced temperature and humidity sensor. It uses
a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the moisture content in the air and
temperature of the room. It is very simple to use, but requires careful planning to collect data.

The DHT11 can detect temperatures in the range of 0 to 50 degrees Celsius with an accuracy
of + -2 degrees, while humidity ranges between 20 and 80% with an accuracy of 5%.

It consists of a moisture sensing device, a thermistor or an NTC temperature sensor with an

IC installed on the back of the sensor. The moisture sensing device is used to measure
moisture which also carries two electrodes and a moisture retention substrate between them.
Then, as the moisture changes, the conductivity of the substrates also changes along with the
change in resistance between the two electrodes. The IC reads the change in resistance, which
allows the microcontroller to read it. On the contrary, to measure the temperature, these
sensors use an NTC temperature sensor or a thermistor.

20
A thermistor acts as a variable resistance that varies the resistance with the temperature
change. These sensors are manufactured by the sintering of semiconductor materials, such as
ceramics or polymers, to observe a larger temperature difference with only small changes in
temperature. The term "NTC" means "negative temperature coefficient", which means that
the resistance decreases with increasing temperature.

Fig 4.5: Resistance vs Temperature graph

The DHT11 sensor is having its own “single wire protocol” which is used for transmitting the
data. This protocol requires the timing with utmost precision and the timingbdiagrams for
extracting thebdata from the sensors.

21
 Fig 4.6: DHT11 circuit diagram

The DHT11 sensor consists of four pins, GND, VCC, data pins and an unconnected pin
which is technically not connected anywhere. A 5K to 10K ohm pull-up resistor is required to
keep the data line high and allow communication between the Arduino board and the sensors.
These sensors come in a variety of models with a safety board and built-in pull-up resistors,
consisting of only three pins.

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4.3 DS18B20 Sensor

Fig 4.7: DS18B20 sensor

The DS18B20 is a thermometer sensor that recognizes the temperature through a single cable
interface and returns in Celsius degrees.
DS18B20 is a digital thermometer that provides Celsius temperature estimates from 9 to 12
bits and a non-volatile programmable up-and-down activation method. The DS18B20
communicates by a 1-wire transmission and by definition requires only one line of
information to be used with the central microprocessor. Furthermore, the DS18B20 can
separate the power supply directly from the information line, eliminating the need for an
external power supply.
Each DS18B20 has a unique 64-bit sequential code that allows multiple DS18B20s to operate
on transfers with 1 similar wire. Therefore, it is conceivable to use a single microprocessor to
control the numerous DS18B20s circulating in a wide range of fields. Several applications
have advantages, including HVAC environmental controls, temperature observation frames
within the facility, hardware or gear types, and program control and monitoring facilities.

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4.4 Raspberry pi

Fig 4.8: Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi 3 acts as a workstation, focuses on the media, is compatible with retro games
and acts as a router for beginners. In any case, it's just a hint of what we can do with the
raspberry pi.

There are many activities out there, where individuals used Pi to assemble tablets, computers,
telephones, robots, photographs on the edge of the universe, for experiments on the
International Space Station.

The Raspberry Pi 3 quad-core is faster and more competent than its predecessor, Raspberry
Pi 2. For those inspired by the benchmarks, the Pi 3 processor: the basic processor has an
execution of approximately 50-60% better in the 32-bit mode of Pi 2 and 10 times faster than
the first.

24
Raspberry Pi unidirectional unlike the first Pi, verifiable applications will see an increase of
2.5 times for individual applications and more than 20 times when video playback is
activated with the NEON motor chip.

Raspberry Pi 3 also supports wireless networks, with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth implicit. Unlike its
predecessor, the new board is equipped to play 1080p MP4 video with 60 frames per second
(with a bit rate of approximately 5400 Kbps), which improves media certificates of video
technology.

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Fig 4.9: Raspberry pi pin descriptions

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4.5 12V Fan

Fig 4.10: 12V Mini Fan

The 12V fan is meant for the demo purpose which shows how we can connect the household
fans with a mobile app and how the fan can be controlled by a user from anywhere.

The fan is directly connected with a relay which is used to control the power supply i.e
providing only the enough power required to run the fan.

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4.6 Installing Raspberry pi in PC:

Fig 4.11: Installation stage

Fig 4.12: Raspberry pi being setup in the PC

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This is the welcome screen which is displayed while getting installed.

Once it gets installed another screen is displayed like

Fig 4.13: Raspi-config

Fig 4.14: Virtual breadboard connections

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All the devices and sensors can be visualized and can be implemented on this virtual
breadboard which can help in learning in a more effective manner both in terms of money
and time consumption.

But when we implement things on physical sensors we require python for the coding purpose
at the back end of the project.

Also we require another software in our system named ‘cayenne’

Cayenne application can also be downloaded from the Google play store and changes can be
made in it according to the desired requirements.

Once the application is successfully installed in our mobile phone then it can be directly
connected with the raspberry pi by establishing the mobile hotspot and once connected, all
the devices connected with raspberry pi can be controlled directly with the users using simple
interface buttons for eg:

 Controlling the lights

 Controlling fan
 Monitoring change in temperature and humidity
 Monitoring any intruders movement.

Fig 4.15 Interface of mobile application

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 Fig 4.16: Interface of PC application

With the help of this we can easily connect with our sensors connected with Raspberry pi and
can know the status of each from anywhere across the globe.

Fig 4.17: Multiple options provided by the app

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Fig 4.18 (Description of the different sensors)

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 Fig 4.19: Working project model

The above shown picture is the representation of the complete project when all the sensors
are connected altogether with the raspberry pi.

Here an extra power supply will be given for the fan because the power supply given to
raspberry pi will not be enough for the fan to run and further the relay is connected to avoid
any damage to the system in case of any irregular or high power supply from the external
source.

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 CHAPTER 5: RESULTS AND CONCLUSION OF HOME
AUTOMATION

5.1 Results
Finally after installing the required software and Raspberry Pi as well as assembling the final
home automation model, we initiate the performance analysis of the model.

First DHT11 sensor measures the Temperature and Humidity of the room and displays it on
the screen.

Fig 5.1: DHT11 readings

The graphical representation of the temperature at different time slots is recorded and the
results are graphically represented in the app as shown in the figure.

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 Fig 5.2 : Screenshot of temperature reading in app

Also we are able to switch ONN and OFF the Fan and the LED through our app installed in
our smart phone. The PIR sensor also indicates the motion and informs the user through the
app.

5.2 Advantages of Home Automation :

5.2.1 Energy Savings

Home automation systems have surely substantiated themselves in the energy efficiency
field. Electronic indoor regulators empowers us to pre-program temperatures reliant on the
period of day and the day of the week. Additionally, some even fit in with our works on,
learning and acclimating to our temperature tendencies without our any reliably contributing
pre-picked plan. Traditional or lead based computerization can similarly be associated with in

35
every practical sense and every gadget that can be remotely controlled – from espresso
makers to sprinkler frameworks.

Energy sparing finally depend upon the kind of device we select and its automation limits.
However, all around, item creators measure the systems can empower customers to save
some place in the scope of 10 to 15 percent off on the bills.

5.2.2 Convenience
In the present speedy paced society, the less you have to worry over, the better. Isn't that so?
Solace is another basic moving motivation behind home automation devices, which in
every practical sense discard little issues, for instance, shutting the lights off beforehand you
hit the bed or modifying the indoor controller when you get up around the start of the day.

5.2.3 Security
Remotemmonitoring can comfort our brains while we're away from the house. With remote
dashboards, lights can be switched on and off, and robotized blinds can be raisedaand brought
down. These abilities – joined with robotized security frameworks – can enable us to relieve
from the dangers of interruptions: we shall be alarmed instantly if something unique occurs.

5.3 Disadvantages:

5.3.1 Reliability
Smart homes will greatly depend on the network connection. If your supply of the Internet is
cut, it will leave many technical items that are not working. In addition, wireless signals can
be interrupted by various electronic devices in the home, which will make some smart
products gradual work or not at all.

5.3.2 Complex Technology

Mechanizing everything in life although sounds amazingly engaging, but it is not so for
elderly people or for physically handicapped or for someone who is not much technically

36
advanced, for them it may consume a lot of time in reading manuals and sometimes it gets
very complex for them to understand the procedure.

5.3.3 Expensive
Regardless of the way that the expense of home automation systems has ended up being
generously more sensible starting late, the amount to purchase and present a device can at
present incorporate. Client Reports offers a broad assortment of information and encounters –
including costs, on the best home automation structures accessible.

5.4 Future Scope of Project:-

Future of the Home Automation is very bright. Everyonebdreams of a comfortable and a
luxurious lifestyle. Because of the luxurious lifestyle and a busy and hactic schedule more
and more people are attracted towards this technological advancement of home automation.

5.4.1 Growth in Automation Market in India

The next phase of home automation will be based on some technological advances in the
field of automation, such as improvements in wireless automation solutions and price cuts, as
people will use home automation extensively. Some of the trends we will see at this stage of
the industry are :

Some huge organizations like Siemens and Schneider, Philips will carry mass market
automation items with an impressive UI yet at lower costs than the present cost so an ever
increasing number of individuals can manage the cost of it.

Arrangement contributions will gradually move towards a superior easy to use plan so clients
can undoubtedly utilize the Automation items without counseling any specialized master.

5.4.2 Commodification of Automation market (2021 onward)

As a technolgical industry, if the Home Automation turns into a progressively common thing,
at that point there will be various players in the market, numerous item contributions and the

37
focused evaluating. Estimations are that market of just Home Automation will be 3.2 billion
dollars by 2020. It implies that Indian market will have a multi-billion dollar opportunity in
the coming future.

We will see that there will be more no. of rivals in the market which further will prompt the
challenge in costs and lower edges, and the major part of the houses will utilize the Home
automation innovation, So it will move toward becoming as basic as having a TV or a cooler
at home.

38
 CONCLUSION

In this undertaking, we assume that by using this home automation framework, we can make
exceptionally easy the lives of old and delicate people, since now it is not required to get out
of bed and turn off the light, the fan or anything else. We Control everything over the
internet. Likewise, we can improve the security provision of our home using IOT for, for
example, using PIR sensors, we can identify any movement of intruders inside the house. If
we are away from home, we can activate the PIR sensor at home, if there is any movement
inside the house, it will send a notification to the raspberry pi via internet. For further
advancement, we can add a servomotor to the input and, if there is anyone inside the house, at
that point the servomotor turns and the doorway gets bolted. In the same way, we can reduce
our energy loads, since we can control the electrical devices through the network and turn
them off when it is not necessary. In this line, we can use residential automation in many
ways.

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 REFRENCES

 
[1] Charles Severence, " Raspberry Pi Based Home Automation System

[2] Jinsoo Han, Jaekwan Yun, Jonghyun Jang, Kwang-Roh Park, " Raspberry pie home
automation with wireless sensors using smart phone", IEEE Transactions on Consumer

Electronics, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 1843-1847, Aug. 2010.

[3] Vamsikrishna Patchava, Sonti Dinesh Kumar, Shaik Riyaz Hussain, K. Rama Naidu, "
Home Automation control system using SMS” Proceeding of IEEE International Conference
on Electrical Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT 2015), pp. 1-4, March
2015.
[4] Eben Upton, Gareth Halfacree, “Home Automation Using WIFI”, 2012.

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