As chief engineer officer write a report to the company superintendent engineer concerning

sumps of the main engine and one of the generator engines. The report should explain how t
in the engines, investigations in the possible cause of the attack, how the immediate p
incidents may be prevented. (16)

Q1. Write a report to the Superintendent Engineer regarding a number of cases of severe dam
valves in the previous 12 months. The report must outline the probable cause of the dam
avoid similar incidents. (16)

1. Write a report to the Superintendent Engineer regarding the failure of an engine to comple
Turn operation and the actions taken to discover and rectify the cause of the problem after it
air system and slow turning control system were operating correctly. (16)

Q1. Write a report to the engineering superintendent regarding the failure of a main crosshead engi
damage was so severe that the normal pump lifting equipment could not be immediately fitted. The
immediate action taken, the rectifying action taken to ensure that the engine could be operated an
restarting.(16)
Q1. Write a report for the engineering superintendent regarding the replacement of the fuel injectors of three main engine un
burning of the injector tips. The report must explain how the defects were detected.

Marks for each part question are shown in brackets

Q1. Write a report for the engineering superintendent regarding the replacement at sea of bearings
The report must explain how the bearing defects were detected, the likely cause of the damage and
prevent further incidents of this type. (16)

As Chief Engineer Officer, write a report to the engineering superintendent regarding failure of a four-str
procedure and the discovery of water around a cylinder head gasket after the failed slow turning attempt. T
problem and the steps taken to identify the exact cause. The report must also explain the measures taken t
prevent similar future incidents. (16)

. As Chief Engineer write instructions for the checking of the engine Slow Turning System and subsequent m
The instruction must take account of problem areas which may be linked to the need for slow turning of an e
an actual start. (16)
Write a report to the superintendent engineer concerning an incident of turbocharger vibration and surging
main propulsion engine during a normal passage in calm weather. The report must include information a
damage, the subsequent action to remedy the fault and recommendations to prevent subsequent future incide

1. With reference to engine operation:

(a) state, with reasons, the symptoms which would indicate a cylinder head was cracked between the combustion chamber and th

(b) describe the actions that should be taken if the engine with the symptoms in part (a) cannot be immediately stopped; (6)

(c) write a report to the Superintendent outlining the probable cause and actions to prevent further occurrence. (6)

As Chief Engineer Officer, write a report to the vessel’s owner proposing the adoption of on
which properties would be tested and the operational benefits which may be achieved. (16)

Q1. Write a report for the engineering superintendent regarding the replacement of the fuel injectors of three main engine un
burning of the injector tips. The report must explain how the defects were detected.
Q1. As Chief Engineer Officer, write a report to the engineering superintendent regarding the failure of a main engin
water leakage from the cooling space into the cylinder. The report must explain how the defect was detected, the imm
ensure that the engine could be operated, and the checks made on the engine before and after restarting. (16)

As chief engineer, write a report for the engineering superintendent regarding the checking of a bottom end bearing on a
temperature alarm was activated at sea, and the subsequent return to full service of the engine. (16)

Write a report for the engineering superintendent regarding the replacement of the fuel injectors of three main engine units due to severe eros
report must explain how the defects were detected, the likely cause of the damage and the action which has been instituted to prevent further

Write a report to the superintendent engineer concerning an incident of cracking which was discovered in one piston of a main die
in another piston of the same engine. The report must include information about the immediate action taken to prevent further dam
the fault and recommendations to prevent subsequent future incidents. (16)

4. Write a report to the engineering superintendent regarding the replacement at sea of a damaged main engine cylinder c
detected, the likely cause of the damage and the action which has been instituted to prevent further incidents of this type. (16)
As Chief Engineer Officer, write a report to the engineering superintendent regarding failure of a four- stroke main engine to comp
water around a cylinder head gasket after the failed slow turning attempt. The report must outline possible causes of the problem
report must also explain the measures taken to rectify the defect(s) and the steps taken to prevent similar future incidents. (16)

Write a report to the superintendent engineer concerning an incident of turbocharger vibration and surging which occurred on a tw
normal passage in calm weather. The report must include information about the immediate action taken to prevent damage, the su
recommendations to prevent subsequent future incidents. (16)

As Chief Engineer Officer, write a report to the engineering superintendent regarding the failure of a main engine cylinder liner du
cooling space into the cylinder. The report must explain how the defect was detected, the immediate action taken, the rectify
operated, and the checks made on the engine before and after restarting.

As Chief Engineer Officer, write a report to the engineering superintendent regarding failure of a four- stroke main engine to comp
water around a cylinder head gasket after the failed slow turning attempt. The report must outline possible causes of the problem
report must also explain the measures taken to rectify the defect(s) and the steps taken to prevent similar future incidents. (16
Write a report to the engineering superintendent regarding the failure at sea of a crosshead main engine bottom end bearing. The
immediate action taken to prevent further engine damage, the subsequent action taken to ensure that the vessel was able to conti
the bearing failure and other checks made on the engine. (16

As Chief Engineer Officer write a report to the engineering superintendent regarding the failure of a high-pressure fuel pump unit
explain the nature of the failure, how the failure was detected, and the immediate action taken.

The report must also explain the actions taken to replace the pump and the steps taken to minimise the

risk of future similar fuel pump failures. (16)

As Chief Engineer Officer write a report to the engineering superintendent regarding the failure of a high pressure fuel pump unit o
explain the nature of the failure, how the failure was detected and the immediate action taken. The report must also explain the ac
to minimise the risk of future similar fuel pump failures. (16)

Write a report for the engineering superintendent regarding the replacement at sea of a damaged main engine cylinder cover. The
the likely cause of the damage and the action which has been instituted to prevent further incidents of this type. (16)

1. As Chief Engineer write a report to the engineering superintendent regarding the failure of a high- pressure fuel pump unit o
explain the nature of the failure, how the failure was detected and the immediate action taken. The report must also explain the a
to minimise the risk of future similar fuel pump failures. (16)
1. Write a report to the engineering superintendent regarding the failure at sea of a crosshead main engine bottom end bearing. T
the immediate action

taken to prevent further engine damage, the subsequent action taken to ensure that the vessel was able to continue on passage to the next p
made on the engine. (16)

As Chief Engineer, write a report to the engineering superintendent regarding failure of a four-stroke main engine, to complete a s
around a cylinder head gasket after the failed slow turning attempt. The report must outline possible causes of the problem and th
must also explain the measures taken to rectify the defect(s) and the steps taken to prevent similar future incidents.

While operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation shows considerable quant
A. As Chief Engineer Officer explain the immediate action which should be taken to ensure safe operation of the ship.
b. State, with reasons, the possible sources of water entering the fuel storage, handling and supply system.(5)
c. As Chief Engineer Officer write the standing orders that would be issued with respect to operation of the fuel storage, h

Write a procedure for the action a duty engineer should take on being called to the engine room during a UMS period in the event
temperature on the main propulsion engine. (6)

(b) State, with reasons, the possible causes of a high exhaust temperature on a single cylinder of a main propulsion engine. (5)
(c)

Explain why a defect resulting in a high exhaust temperature on one cylinder can cause engine damage if the engine is not slowed
Write instructions for the actions to be taken by a duty engineer following activation of a slow speed main engine exhaust gas differential temp
operation. The instructions must cover the period from activation of the alarm to return of the main engine to normal operation. (16)

1. Write a procedure for the action a duty engineer should take on being called to the engine room during a UMS period in the
exhaust temperature on the main propulsion engine. (6)

(b) State, with reasons, the possible causes of a high exhaust temperature on a single cylinder of a main propulsion engine. (5)

Explain why a defect resulting in a high exhaust temperature on one cylinder can cause engine damage if the engine is not slowed

1. While operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation shows considerable quant

a. As Chief Engineer Officer explain the immediate action which should be taken to ensure safe operation of the ship. (6

b. State, with reasons, the possible sources of water entering the fuel storage, handling and supply system. (5)

c. As Chief Engineer Officer write the standing orders that would be issued with respect to operation of the fuel storage

. Write instructions for the actions to be taken by a duty engineer following activation of a slow speed main engine exhaust
unmanned machinery operation. The instructions must cover the period from activation of the alarm to return of the main engine to
2020/ 2023/
AUG/Q4 DEC/Q1

2023/JULY/Q1

2023/MAR/Q1

2021/ 2022/
JUL/Q4 DEC/Q1
2014/12 2017/07 2018/ 2019/ 2020/
-Q1 -Q1 DEC/7 MAR/1 DEC/1

2018/ 2020/
JUL/1 JUL/Q7
2018/OCT/3
2014/12- 2017/07- 2018/ 2019/
Q1 Q1 DEC/7 MAR/1

2018/OCT/3

2017/12

2014/12- 2017/07- 2018/ 2019/

Q1 Q1 DEC/7 MAR/1
2010/12- 2015/10- 2017/07- 2019/
Q1 Q6 Q8 OCT/Q3

2015/03 2016/07 2017/10

-Q5 -Q2 -Q3

2015/ 2016/
MAR JULY
-6

-5
A. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the lubrication systems for a crosshead engine, explaining the Properties r
lubricating oil in each system; (10)

b. describe a system which may be used to ensure that the cylinder lubricating oil properties are available for a crosshea
changing between fuels (including between fuel oil and gas), stating why it is not desirable to use the same cylinder LO fo
specifications (including gas); (6)

. With reference to crankcase lubricating oil:

(a) Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack; (6)

(b) Explain how bacterial attack may be detected; (4)

(c) Describe how a crankcase lubricating oil system may be returned to service following bacterial a

Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the lubrication systems of a crosshead type slow speed diesel engine. (8)

Explain the properties required by the lubricating oil in each of the systems described in part (a), stating how these properties com
of a lubricating oil used in the crankcase of a trunk piston type diesel engine. (8)

A slow speed diesel engine crankcase lubricating oil analysis report indicates a substantial presence of fresh water, metal particles and a redu
alkalinity and antioxidant reserve. Explain the possible causes of EACH of these changes, and how they may be found. (16

1. ) State, with reasons, the properties required of a lubricating oil for a trunk piston type, medium speed engine, indicating why
differ from those required of a lubricating oil used in the crankcase of a crosshead diesel engine. (6)

(b) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the lubrication system of a trunk piston medium speed engine, explaining how impurities in the lubricatin
(10)
Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the lubrication systems of a crosshead type slow speed di
(8)

(b) Explain the properties required by the lubricating oil in EACH of the systems described
stating how these properties compare with those of a lubricating oil used in the crankcas
piston type diesel engine. (8)

1. ) State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a cylinder lubricant for a main engine operating on HFO. (6)

(b) Describe, with the aid of sketches, an electronically controlled cylinder lubrication system, stating how the timing and quantity of cylinder lu
regulated and set. (10)
2021/ 2021/ 2019/
OCT/Q7 MAR/Q5 MAR/4

2011/12 2014/12 2017/12 2018/

-Q3 -Q7 -Q6 OCT/3
Q4. With reference to medium speed diesel engine cylinder liners:
a. Explain the cause and effects of polishing and glazing;
b. Explain the action of an anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine;
c. Describe how effective cylinder lubrication is achieved.

With reference to abnormal and excessive cylinder liner wear;

(a) Explain how it may be caused, stating how it is detected; (6)

(b) Explain the effects and consequences of excessive cylinder

liner wear; (5)
(c) Explain how abnormal cylinder liner wear may be
prevented. (5)

Describe a procedure for cylinder liner calibration, indicating how the

readings are recorded to allow for easy recognition of liner wear. (6)

(b) Describe TWO forms of abnormal cylinder liner wear, explaining how
each is recognised. (6)
(c)Explain how abnormal cylinder liner wear may be prevented. (4)

. With reference to cylinder liner scuffing:

(a) explain how it is caused, stating the method of detection; (6)
(b) explain the effects of cylinder liner scuffing; (4)
(c) explain how minor scuffing may be treated in order to avoid the need for
liner replacement.(6)

. With reference to medium speed diesel engine cylinder liners:

a. Explain the cause and effects of polishing and glazing; (6)
b. Explain the action of an anti-polishing ring during the operation of the
engine; (5)
Describe how effective cylinder lubrication is achieved. (5)

1. Describe, with the aid of sketches, the procedure for cutting out and "hanging-up" an
engine cylinder of a two-stroke crosshead engine in the event of complete failure of the
crosshead pin such that the crosshead pin cannot be operated and no replacement is
immediately available. (12)
(b) State, with reasons, the factors which may inhibit starting and limit the operating speed of the
engine with a cylinder cut out. (4)

1. With reference to medium speed diesel engine cylinder liners:

(a) explain the cause and effects of liner polishing or glazing; (6)
(b) explain the action of an anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine; (5)
describe how effective cylinder lubrications achieved. (5)

1. ) Explain the term scuffing in relation to cylinder liners, stating how it is caused. (5)

(b) Describe another form of abnormal cylinder liner wear which does not involve scuffing,
explaining how this form of abnormal wear is caused. (5)

Explain how incidents of abnormal cylinder liner wear may be kept to a minimum. (6)

As Chief Engineer Officer outline a procedure for the changing of a cylinder liner in a large
crosshead diesel engine from the removal of the cylinder cover to the replacement of the
liner.

With the aid of a sketch, explain how and why thermal stress
occurs in cylinder liners of an operating diesel engine. (10)
b) With the aid of a sketch, explain how cylinder liner thermal
stress can be minimised. (6)

Q2. (a) Explain fatigue cracking, stating its causes and propagation. (8)
(b) Explain how the risk of fatigue cracking of cylinder head holding studs is liable to be
increased by poor maintenance and engine overload. (8)

Q4. (a) Describe a procedure for cylinder liner calibration, indicating how the
readings are recorded to allow for easy recognition of liner wear. (6)

(b) Describe TWO forms of abnormal cylinder liner wear, explaining how each is recognised.(6)

(c)Explain how abnormal cylinder liner wear may be prevented. (4)

With reference to cylinder liner scuffing:

(a) explain how it is caused, stating the method of detection; (6)
(b) explain the effects of cylinder liner scuffing; (4)
(c)
 explain how minor scuffing may be treated in order to avoid the need
for liner replacement. (6)

Describe with the aid of sketches the operation of a four-stroke

dual fuel engine, explaining how the correct amount of gaseous
and liquid fuels are supplied to the cylinders to meet the power
requirement and how the cylinder charge is ignited. (10)
(b) State, with reasons, three problems associated with the
burning of gaseous fuels in a diesel engine, indicating how these
problems may be overcome. (6)

8. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a system for burning gaseous fuel in a two-stroke diesel
engine, indicating safety features fitted and explaining why the gas has to be injected into the
cylinder rather than mixed with the combustion air outside of the cylinders. (12)

B. Define the term Methane Slip, explaining how it occurs and why it is undesirable. (4)

8. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a cylinder arrangement for dual fuel two-stroke diesel
engine,explain how the gaseous fuel is delivered to the cylinder and ignited

Describe with the aid of sketches the operation of a four-stroke dual fuel
engine,
explaining how the correct amount of gaseous and liquid fuels are
supplied to the cylinders to meet the power requirement and how the
cylinder charge is ignited. (10)
(b) State, with reasons, three problems associated with the burning of
gaseous fuels in a diesel engine, indicating how these problems may be
overcome. (6)

Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a cylinder arrangement

for a dual fuel 2-stroke engine, explaining how the
gaseous fuel is delivered to the cylinder and ignited.
(B) Explain the term Methane Slip in reference to a dual
fuel engine, stating why it occurs and the effect on the
atmosphere.

Describe, with the aid of a sketch a diesel engine fuel system which employs
direct injection of liquid gas into the cylinders. (12)
b. Explain the advantages of this type of gas injection system compared with
the use of gaseous fuel in the form of gas. (4)
 4. Describe, with the aid of a sketch a diesel engine fuel system which employs
direct injection of liquid gas into the cylinders. (12)
b. Explain the advantages of this type of gas injection system compared with the use
of gaseous fuel in the form of gas. (4)

1. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a cylinder arrangement for a dual fuel 2-stroke engine,
explaining how the gaseous fuel is delivered to the cylinder and ignited. (12)

(b) Explain the term Methane Slip in reference to a dual fuel engine, stating why it occurs and the
effect on the atmosphere. (4)

) Explain with aid of sketches, the gas combustion process in a

dual fuel medium speed main engine, operating with pilot
injection. (10)
(b) Explain exhaust is meant by exhaust gas recirculation and
how this may be effective in reducing air pollution. (6)

Q8. (a) Explain why a diesel engine cylinder is supplied with excess air. (4)

(b) Explain why fuel droplet size produced during injection has to be within narrow
limits in order to enable good cylinder combustion to be achieved. (4)

(c) Explain how the desired fuel droplet size is produced by fuel injectors. (4)

(d) State why fuel injection timing has to be within narrow limits to enable economic
engine operation without bearing overload. (4)

Explain with aid of sketches, the gas combustion process in a dual fuel medium
speed main engine, operating with pilot injection. (10)
Explain exhaust is meant by exhaust gas recirculation and how this may be effective in reducing air polluti

) Explain with aid of sketches, the gas combustion process in a dual fuel
medium speed main engine, operating with pilot injection. (10)
(b) Explain exhaust is meant by exhaust gas recirculation and how this may be effective in reducin

Explain why a diesel engine cylinder is supplied with excess air. (4)
(b) Explain why fuel droplet size produced during injection has to be within
narrow limits in order to enable good cylinder combustion to be achieved.
(4)
(c) Explain how the desired fuel droplet size is produced by fuel
injectors. (4)
(d) State why fuel injection timing has to be within narrow limits to enable
economic engine operation without bearing overload. (4)
) Explain why a diesel engine cylinder is supplied with excess air. (4)
(b) Explain why fuel droplet size produced during injection has to be within narrow limits in
order to enable good cylinder combustion to be achieved. (4)
(c) Explain how the desired fuel droplet size is produced by fuel injectors. (4)
State why fuel injection timing has to be within narrow limits to enable economic engine
operation without bearing overload. (4)

1. Explain why a diesel engine cylinder is supplied with excess air. (4)
(b) Explain why fuel droplet size produced during injection has to be within narrow limits in order to en
(c) Explain how the desired fuel droplet size is produced by fuel injectors. (4)
State why fuel injection timing has to be controlled within narrow limits to enable economic engine operation withou

Most medium speed diesel engines at sea do not have tie bolts. Explain the design and
manufacturing aspects of why this is possible when medium speed engines have combustion
pressures equal to or even greater than slow speed engines. (16)

1. Explain why a diesel engine cylinder is supplied with excess air. (4)
(b) Explain why fuel droplet size produced during injection has to be within narrow limits
in order to enable good cylinder combustion to be achieved. (4)
(c)
Explain how the desired fuel droplet size is produced by fuel injectors. (4)
(d) State why fuel injection timing has to be controlled within narrow limits to enable
economic engine operation without bearing overload. (4)

As Chief Engineer, explain how the performance of a main diesel

engine may be determined, indicating how the information
collected is analysed to assess the performance of an individual
cylinder in relation to the overall engine performance. (6)
(b) Explain how defective fuel injection may be detected stating,
with reasons, the causes of defective cylinder fuel injection. (6)
(c) Explain the causes of afterburning in a single cylinder of a
diesel engine, stating how this may be brought to the attention of
the duty engineer. (4)

With the aid of sketches, describe the operation of a dual fuel 4-stroke engine when operating on gas. (1
(b) For the engine described in part (a), explain how and when the fuels are supplied to the cylinders (6
 Explain why pilot injection is required for a dual fuel engine when burning natural gas. (2)
b. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the arrangements for a dual fuel engine which is capable of burning
i. The Otto cycle

3. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the arrangement of the gas and liquid fuel systems at
the cylinder of a dual fuel 4-stroke engine, stating the input and output signals at the
controller. (12)

(b) Describe the arrangement of the gas fuel piping system used for a 4-stroke dual fuel engine,
stating the safety features incorporated. (4)

3.Explain why premixing of gas and air before supply to the engine cannot be
undertaken with 2-stroke cycle engines but can be applied to 4-stroke engines.
(4)

A. Explain why pilot injection is required for a dual fuel engine when burning natural gas. (2)
b. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the arrangements for a dual fuel engine which is capable of burning
i. The Otto cycle (7)
ii. The Diesel cycle (7)

Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the arrangement of the gas and liquid fuel
systems at the cylinder of a dual fuel 4-stroke engine, stating the input and
output signals at the controller. (12)

Describe the arrangement of the gas fuel piping system used for a 4-stroke dual fuel engine, stating
the safety features incorporated. (4)

7. Explain why cylinder power balance is essential to good engine operation, indicating the possible damaging
B. Describe the for checking the performance and of an engine cylinder. (4)

1.
2. (a) Explain why an engine`s cylinders should develop equal power at all loads, indicating the pos
(b) Describe ONE method which may be used for assessing cylinder power, explaining the steps invol
Explain how cylinder power adjustments are made to achieve cylinder power balance. (6)
 1. With reference to safety, state, with reasons, THREE fluid pipeline systems which require particular attention
(b) Write instructions for the preparation to lift a main engine cylinder cover from finished with engines
to being ready to lift from the engine. (7)
2010/03- 2010/10- 2015/10- 2017/07- 2019/ 2021/ 2023/
Q4 Q4 Q2 Q9 OCT-Q5 OCT/Q4 MAR/Q9
on of the engine; (5)
effective in reducing air pollution. (6)

s may be effective in reducing air pollution. (6)

within narrow limits in order to enable good cylinder combustion to be achieved. (4)
injectors. (4)
conomic engine operation without bearing overload. (4)

ngine when operating on gas. (10)

are supplied to the cylinders (6)
ng natural gas. (2)
ine which is capable of burning natural gas on:
-7 ii. The -7

ning natural gas. (2)

ngine which is capable of burning natural gas on:

ndicating the possible damaging effects of cylinder power imbalance. (6)

wer at all loads, indicating the possible consequences if cylinder power balance is not maintained. (5)
power, explaining the steps involved in the assessment. (5)
which require particular attention prior to dismantling main machinery for overhaul. (9)
m finished with engines
 With reference to power Management Systems:
(a) Describe, with the aid of sketches, a starting air systems;
(b) State the precautions and conditions which must be observed when an auxiliary engine is under control o
(c) Explain how an auxiliary engine is started when under the control of the Power Management System.

4. Explain how a diesel generator is prepared and selected as a standby generator. (8)
Write a procedure for checking a diesel generator engine after it has been shut down and before it is returned to standby duty. (8)

1. Explain how a diesel generator is prepared and selected as a standby generator. (8)
Write a procedure for checking a diesel generator engine after it has been shut down and before it is returned to standby duty. (8)
1. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, an electronically controlled main engine fuel injection system. (8)

(b) Explain how the system described in part (a) functions to change the fuel injection timing when instructed by an
engineer at the control terminal. (8)

Sketch a main engine electronically controlled fuel injection system (6)

(b) Explain how fuel injector quantity and timing is changed in the fuel injection syst
(c) State why it may be necessary to change engine fuel timing (4)

3. With reference to electronically controlled engines:

A. Describe how fuel injection quantity and timing is adjusted. (6)
B. Describe how the exhaust valve timing may be varied. (5)
Describe how starting air valves are regulated. (5)
he fuel injection system sketched in part (a) (6)
 1. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, an external system for reducing engine NOx emissions, explaining the chemis
(b) Explain why Urea is used in the Selective Catalytic Reduction process instead of ammonia. (4)
(c) Explain why the exhaust gas quality must be monitored before and after the Selective Catalytic Reduction unit, st

1. With reference to diesel engine NOx emissions:

(a)
explain how NOx is formed during operation of the engine indicating why the aim of high engine efficiency increases t
describe ONE external means by which diesel engine NOx emissions may be reduced in order to meet current regulations. (10)

1. With reference to diesel engine exhaust emissions:

(a)
explain the cause and effects of EACH of the following:
(i) Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx); (3)
(ii) Oxides of Sulphur (SOx); (3)
(b) describe ONE method by which the level of NOx emissions may be reduced; (5)
explain how the effects on the engine components of sulphur in the fuel may be minimised. (5)

. With reference to diesel engine NOx emissions and control:

(a) Explain how exhaust gas recirculation and direct water injection reduce engine N
emissions but result in increased specific CO 2 emissions. (6)
(b) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a Selective Catalytic Reduction system, stating
reasons, the monitoring and control systems required. (10)

Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a diesel engine NOx reduction system using chemical supply, expla
the safety and pollution avoidance systems required. (12)
(b) Explain chemical reactions involved in the NOx reduction system described in part (a) of the quest

Q3. With reference to diesel engine NOx emissions and control:

(a) Explain how exhaust gas recirculation and direct water injection reduce engine NOx emissions but result in incr
Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a Selective Catalytic Reduction system, stating, with reasons, the monitoring and control sy

With reference to diesel engine NOx emissions:

(a) Explain how NOx is formed during operation of the engine, indicating why the aim of hi
(b) Describe ONE external means by which diesel engine NOx emissions may be reduced i
Explain why highly efficient diesel engines tend to produce more NOx than low performance diesel engines. (4)
(b) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) unit for a marine propulsion diesel engine.
Explain why accurate monitoring of the exhaust gas flows entering and leaving a Selective Catalytic Reduction unit are re

(a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a system which maintains good engine performance of the turbocharge
and good NOx reduction when burning fuels with higher sulphur content, explaining how conflicting condition
(8)

Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a Selective Catalytic Reduction system, explaining the chemical reaction for
NOx and the control system requirements. (10)
State two engine-based systems for reducing marine diesel engine NOx, explaining how they reduce NOx level

Mar-18
1. With reference to diesel engine NOx emissions and control:
(a) Explain how exhaust gas recirculation and direct water injection reduce engine NOx emissions but result in increa
Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a Selective Catalytic Reduction system, stating, with reasons, the monitoring and control system

1. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, an exhaust gas recirculation system, explaining how the system reduces the level of NOx in
exhaust gas. (12)
(b) Explain the operating and thermal efficiency problems associated with Exhaust Gas Recirculation systems. (4)

1. ) Explain why highly efficient diesel engines tend to produce more NOx than low performance diesel engines. (4)
(b) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) unit for a marine propulsion diesel engine. (8)
Explain why accurate monitoring of the exhaust gas flows entering and leaving a Selective Catalytic Reduction unit are required a

With reference to marine diesel engine selective catalytic reduction (SCR)

(a) Explain, with the aid of a graph, the influence that fuel sulphur content has on the operation of an SCR unit

(b) Explain how the operation of a turbocharger system can have a detrimental effect on the unity when burn
with higher sulphur content (4)

1. State why Direct Water Injection is used on some engines, explaining how it performs the duty intended. (8)
(b) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a Direct Water Injection system. (8)
stry of the process. (8)

ating how such monitoring influences operation of the SCR unit. (4)

he problem; (6)

reased specific CO2 emissions. (6)

stems required.

igh engine efficiency increases the problem; (6)

n order to meet current regulations. (10)
equired and how these readings are used to control the reduction chemical supplied to the SCR unit.

but also increase fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. (6)

ased specific CO2 emissions. (6)

ms required.

nd how these readings are used to control the reduction chemical supplied to the SCR unit. (4)
Explain the system which must be in place on board ship to ensure that all lifting equipment has a current test certificate and is fit for use. (4)
With reference to diesel engine crankshafts:
(a)
Explain the causes and effects of torsional vibrations; (4)
(b) Explain the term critical speed, starting why the engine should not be continuously
operated at this speed. (6)
Explain the term fatigue cracking, starting with reasons, TWO factors which have an influence
on the likelihood of fatigue cracking. (6)

Explain why crankshaft deflections are taken. (4)

(b) Write a procedure for the taking of main engine crankshaft deflections. (8)
(c) Explain the action to be taken if some crankshaft deflection readings are outside acceptable limits. (4)
With reference to a load sensing governor for an alternator driven by an auxiliary diesel engine:
(a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, such a governor; (8)
(b) Describe the action of a governor in response to a large increase in electrical load; (4)
(c) Explain EACH of the following:
(i) The necessity for droop; (2)
How droop is effected. (2)
1. Explain why charge air coolers are fitted to turbocharged diesel engines, stating the possible effects on engine
operation and performance if they are not maintained in good condition. (6)
(b) As Chief Engineer Officer, write instructions for the routine in-service checking of charge air cooler performance and
cleanliness together with the checking of condensate draining. (6)
State, with reasons, the possible consequences if condensate is not drained from the charge air cooler. (4)

1. State what charge air system parameters must be monitored, explaining how data gathered from charge air system
instrumentation is used to determine the operational performance of EACH of the following system parts:

(a) The suction air filter; (4)

(b) The turbocharger compressor; (4)
(c) The turbocharger turbine; (4)
The charge air cooler. (4)

1.
With reference to slow speed diesel engine turbocharging:
(a) explain why electrically driven scavenge air blowers are sometimes fitted; (4)
(b) describe how a turbocharger may be disabled to allow for operation of the main engine in the event of failure of the
turbocharger rotor; (8)
(c) describe the procedure for running an engine in the event of a turbocharger not being operational. (4)

Q7. With reference to slow speed diesel engine turbocharging:

(a) explain why water separators are fitted; (4)

(b) describe how an engine may be operated in the event of a charge air cooler being damaged beyond immediate
repair; (6)
describe how an engine may be operated in the event of a turbocharger bearing failure which cannot be repaired
immediately. (6)

1. With reference to marine diesel engine Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR):

(a) explain, with the aid of a graph, the influence that fuel sulphur content has on the operation of an SCR unit; (4)

(b) explain how the operation of a turbocharger system can have a detrimental effect on the unit when burning high
sulphur fuel; (4)

describe, with the aid of a sketch, a system which maintains good engine performance of the turbocharger system and
good NOx reduction when burning high sulphur fuel, explaining how conflicting conditions are met. (8)
1. ) Explain why charge air coolers are fitted to turbocharged diesel engines, stating the possible effects on engine
operation and performance if they are not maintained in good condition. (6)
(b) As Chief Engineer Officer, write instructions for the routine in-service checking of charge air cooler performance and
cleanliness together with the checking of condensate draining. (6)
State, with reasons, the possible consequences if condensate is not drained from the charge air cooler. (4)

1. With reference to turbochargers:

(a) explain how the operating performance of a turbocharger system may be assessed; (10)

(b) state, with reasons, defects which adversely affect the operating performance of a turbocharger. (6)

1. With reference to slow speed diesel engine turbocharging:

(a)
explain why electrically driven scavenge air blowers are sometimes fitted; (4)
(b) describe how a turbocharger may be disabled to allow for operation of the main engine in the event of failure of the
turbocharger rotor; (8)
describe the procedure for running an engine in the event of a turbocharger not being operational

1. With reference to slow speed diesel engine turbocharging:

(a) explain why water separators are fitted; (4)
(b) describe how an engine may be operated in the event of a charge air cooler being damaged beyond immedia
describe how an engine may be operated in the event of a turbocharger bearing failure which cannot be repaired immediately

1. Describe, with the aid of sketches, the procedure for removing a turbocharger rotor. In this description it may be
assumed that permissions have been granted and that a risk assessment has been conducted. (6)

(b) State the risks associated with lifting the various turbocharger components involved in the procedure in part (a). (6)

With reference to a slow speed diesel engine fitted with a single turbocharger, describe, with reasons, the possible action
which could be taken to enable the main engine to be operated, if whilst on oceanic passage, a small portion of one of the
impeller vanes breaks off and impacted with the charge air cooler. (16)

With reference to slow speed diesel engine turbocharging:

(a) Explain why electrically driven scavenge air blowers are sometimes
fitted; (4)
(b) describe how a turbocharger may be disabled to allow for operation of the
main engine in the event of failure of the turbocharger rotor; (8)
(a) describe the procedure for running an engine in the event of a turbocharger not
being operational. (4)
 . With reference to turbocharger systems;
a. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a turbocharger jet assist system,
explaining how it operates and why it is used. (10)
b. Describe with the aid of a sketch a waste gate and bypass system
explaining why such an arrangement is fitted. (6)

. With reference to marine diesel engine selective catalytic reduction (SCR)

(a) Explain, with the aid of a graph, the influence that fuel sulphur content has on the
operation of an SCR unit (4)
(b) Explain how the operation of a turbocharger system can have a detrimental effect
on the unit when burning fuels with higher sulphur content (4)
(c) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a system which maintains good engine
performance of the turbocharger system and good NOx reduction when burning fuels
with higher sulphur content, explaining how conflicting conditions are met (8)

Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a main engine fresh water cooling water system,
incorporating HT and LT systems. (10)
(b). Describe the charge air supply system for a turbocharged engine, explaining the
purpose of each main part. (6)

With reference to slow speed diesel engine turbocharging:

(a) Explain why electrically driven scavenge air blowers are sometimes fitted; (4)

(b) describe how a turbocharger may be disabled to allow for operation of the main
engine in the event of failure of the turbocharger rotor; (8)
(c) describe the procedure for running an engine in the event of a turbocharger not
being operational. (4)

With reference to turbocharger systems.

A. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a turbocharger jet assist system,
explaining how it operates and why it is used. (10)
B. Describe with the aid of a sketch a waste gate and bypass system
explaining why such an arrangement is fitted. (6)

With reference to turbocharger systems:

a) Describe how performance of the system is monitored and how the
information gathered is used to assess performance; (8)
b) Describe the arrangements for maintaining the systems in good
condition. (8)
Describe, with the aid of sketches, the lubrication system for a turbocharger.

(b) Describe, with the aid of sketches, the replacement of a turbocharger bearing, stating the checks which must
be made before the turbocharger is returned to service.

describe with the aid of sketch , the exhaust gas and charge air flow system through an engine cylinder and
turbocharger of a two stroke engine, indicating the cooling and water seperation system,
describe how a water seperator removes water droplets from a charge air flow
explain the possible consequence of not removing water droplets from engine charge air and draining the water
seperator unit

Explain why charge air coolers are fitted to turbocharged diesel engines, stating the possible effects on
engine operation and performance if they are not maintained in good condition. (6)

(b) As Chief Engineer Officer, write instructions for the routine in-service checking of charge air cooler
performance and cleanliness together with the checking of condensate draining. (6)

(c) State, with reasons, the possible consequences if condensate is not drained from the charge air
cooler. (4)

. With reference to turbocharger systems:

Describe how performance of the system is monitored and how the information gathered is used to
assess performance; (8)
Describe the arrangements for maintaining the systems in good condition. (8)
2015/ 2016/JUL 2016/12- 2018/
MAR Q5 JUL/5

2011/12 2014/12 2017/12 2018/ 2014/APR 17/

-Q3 - Q7 - Q6 OCT/3 20 DEC/Q7
 2015/ 2016/ 2016/DEC
MAR JULY

eyond immediate repair; (6)

ed immediately. (6)
2015/ 2016/ 2016/12 2018/ 2020/
MAR JUL -Q5 JUL/5 DEC/7

2019/ 2020/
JUL/Q1 JUL/Q9
1. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, either a diesel engine Open Loop SOx scrubber system or a Closed Loop SOx
scrubber system. (10)
(b) Explain what systems need to be monitored in order to ensure that the scrubber system meets all IMO regulations. (6)

Describe, with the aid of a sketch, an open loop system for reducing SOx emissions
from engine exhaust gas, explaining how the system operates whilst the vessel is in
open waters. (6)
(b) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a closed loop scrubber system for removing
SOx from engine exhaust gas, explaining the operation of this unit and stating when
it would be used. (10)

With reference to diesel engine hybrid Sox scrubber systems:

(a) State the fluids used in the open and closed loops of the scrubber, explaining how these fluids are controlled
to meet the scrubbing demand at different engine loads;
(b) State the circumstances under which Open Loop scrubbing would be used and Closed Loop scrubbing would
be used;
(c)
Describe how the effective Sox neutralizing effect of the fluid used in the closed loop system is maintained
during long operating periods and how pollution of the sea is avoided. (8)

With reference to a Closed Loop engine exhaust gas SOX scrubber system:
a. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, such a system; (8)
b. State, with reasons, the fluid which is used for SOX scrubbing in this system; (4)
c. State how the effectiveness of the scrubbing fluid is maintained and how the sludge is removed and
disposed of. (4)

With reference to a Closed Loop engine exhaust gas SOX scrubber system:
a. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, such a system; (8)
b. State, with reasons, the fluid which is used for SOX scrubbing in this system; (4)
State how the effectiveness of the scrubbing fluid is maintained and how the sludge is removed and disposed of. (4)

With reference to a Closed Loop engine exhaust gas SOx scrubber system:
(a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, such a system; (8)
(b) State, with reasons, the fluid which is used for SOx scrubbing in this system; (4)
State how the effectiveness of the scrubbing fluid is maintained and how the sludge is removed and disposed of. (4)

1. With reference to four stroke diesel engine emission control:

(a) describe how the Miller Cycle operates to control NOx emissions; (6)
(b) describe, with reasons, the modifications needed for a medium speed engine to operate on the Miller Cycle; (8)

give the advantages and disadvantages of closed against open scrubber systems. (2)

With reference to diesel engine SOX exhaust gas cleaning and pollution control:
(a) State, with reasons, which system parameters are monitored, explaining where the monitoring
devices are located, how the data is stored and how data is made available to regulatory authorities
(10)
(b) State how pollution of sea water can be caused by the use of SOX exhaust gas cleaning systems,
explaining how such pollution is prevented. (6)

With reference to diesel engine SOX exhaust gas cleaning and pollution control:
(a) State, with reasons, which system parameters are monitored, explaining where the monitoring devices are located, how
State how pollution of sea water can be caused by the use of SOX exhaust gas cleaning systems, explaining how such pollution is
-6

-2
es are located, how the data is stored and how data is made available to regulatory authorities (10)
how such pollution is prevented. (6)
Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a main engine holding down system explaining how the design features help prevent excessive

(b) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, an engine top bracing arrangement, explaining why they are fitted and checked for operational performa
 ) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a diesel engine air start system and the
devices which are fitted to prevent or limit damage in the event of an
explosion. (8)
(b) Explain how an explosion in a diesel engine air start system might occur.
(4)
(c) As Chief Engineer Officer, outline the actions that should be taken to
ensure that an explosion from the causes explained in part (b) may be
avoided. (4)

1. With reference to main engine crankcase explosions:

a. Explain the cycle of events leading to a secondary crankcase explosion; (6)
As Chief Engineer, explain how an engine system should be managed in order to minimise the risk of a crankcase
explosion and the effects of a crankcase explosion should one occur. (10)

Q5. (a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a diesel engine air start system and the devices which are fitted
to prevent or limit damage in the event of an explosion. (8)
(b) Explain how an explosion in a diesel engine air start system might occur. (4)
(c) As Chief Engineer Officer, outline the actions that should be taken to ensure that an explosion from the
causes explained in part (b) may be avoided. (4)

1. With reference to main engine crankcase explosions:

a. Explain the cycle of events leading to a secondary crankcase explosion; (6)
As Chief Engineer, explain how an engine system should be managed in order to minimise the risk of a crankcase
explosion and the effects of a crankcase explosion should one occur.

1. Describe the sequence of events that could lead to a crankcase explosion. (6)
(b) Describe an obscuration type oil mist detector, explaining its operation. (10)

With reference to poor ignition quality fuel:

a. Explain how it can affect combustion in BOTH slow speed and medium speed
engines. (8)
b. Explain how the effects on BOTH diesels engine types in part (a) can be
reduced. (8)
 With reference to oil fired boilers:
(a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the fuel system including the pilot ignition system
(6)
(b) Explain how the boiler whose fuel system is described in part (a) is flashed up from cold
diesel oil and changed over to heavy fuel operation;(6)
(c) Explain how the air and fuel supplies are controlled together in order to produce optimu
combustion at all loads. (4)

Q9. With reference to oil fired boilers:

(a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the fuel system including the pilot ignition system ;(6)
(b) Explain how the boiler whose fuel system is described in part (a) is flashed up from cold on diesel oil and changed ov
heavy fuel operation;(6)

Explain how the air and fuel supplies are controlled together in order to produce optimum combustion at all loads.(4)

With reference to an economiser:

(a) write a procedure for the cleaning of the gas side of an economizer when the associate
main engine is:
(i) Running; (5)
(ii) Stopped. (5)
(b) write a procedure for operation of the main engine when the associated economiser ca
be operated due to tube failure (6)

As an Engineer Manager write standing instructions for the in-service cleaning is the gas side of a was
heat recovery steam generator unit. (8)
(b) As the Engineer Manager write standing instruction for the action to be taken in the event of an
uptake fire in the waste heat recovery steam generating unit and action to be taken to enable operati
of the engine after the fire has been extinguished if there is a leak in the tube nest and no exhaust ga
bypass is fitted. (8)

Q9. With reference to an economiser:

(a) write a procedure for the cleaning of the gas side of an economizer when the associated main engine is:
(i) Running; (5)
(ii) Stopped. (5)
(b) write a procedure for operation of the main engine when the associated economiser cannot be operated due to tube fa
 With reference to waste heat steam generation system;
(a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the economiser circulation system (5)
(b) Explain how the economiser circulation pumps are kept cool (3)
(c) Describe how the boiler water is maintained in a condition which minimises scale formation and
system corrosion. (8)

With reference to boilers and steam generation systems:

(a) Explain the term water hammer, stating how it is caused and describing the possible consequences of it; (4)
(b) explain how water hammer can be avoided; (4)
(c) describe, with the aid of a sketch, how the boiler fuel system may be operated in port to comply with local emissio

Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the water/steam circulation system for the waste heat recovery system. (5)
(b) Explain how economizer circulation pumps are maintained in a cool condition to allow for prolonged operation with
problem. (3)
(c) Describe how a waste heat recovery system steam pressure is maintained and the system operated when the associa
diesel engine plant is operating on EACH of the following:
(i) Low engine load;
(ii) Low steam demand. (4)

8. With reference to boilers and steam generation systems:

Explain the term water hammer, stating how it is caused and describing the possible consequences of it; (4) (b) explain how
hammer can be avoided; (4) (c) describe, with the aid of a sketch, how the boiler fuel system may be operated in port to compl
local emission control regulations. (8)

4. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a waste heat recovery system for electrical generation using main engine exhaust gas in
combined gas/steam turbine systems. (8)
(b) Describe the operation of the waste heat recovery system described in part (a) whilst the associated main engine is running. (8)

1. With reference to boilers and steam generation systems:

(a) Explain the term water hammer, stating how it is caused and describing the possible consequences of it; (4)(b) explain how
hammer can be avoided; (4)(c) describe, with the aid of a sketch, how the boiler fuel system may be operated in port to compl
local emission control regulations. (8)

1. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a waste heat recovery system for electrical generation using main engine exhaust gas in
(b) Describe the operation of the waste heat recovery system described in part (a) whilst the associated main engine is runnin

1. Explain the action to be taken to ensure that the main engine may be operated in the event of an exhaust gas econ
 (b) Describe how the heat transfer surfaces of an economiser are maintained in a clean condition. (4)
Explain the actions which should be taken in the event of a soot fire in the economiser. (6)

1. ) Describe the symptoms and possible causes of an exhaust gas boiler/economiser fire. (5)
(b) Describe the procedure for inspecting and cleaning the gas side of an exhaust gas boiler/economiser. (5)
Explain how the main engine and auxiliary steam plant may be operated in the event of an exhaust gas boiler/economiser sufferin

7. With reference to a waste heat boiler/economiser:

a. Write a procedure for the cleaning the gas side of an exhaust gas boiler/economiser when the associated main engine is:
(I) running; (5)
(ii) stopped. (5)
b.

)Explain action to be taken to ensure that the main engine may be operated in the event of an exhaust gas economiser
(b) Describe how the heat transfer surfaces of economiser are maintained in a clean condition (4)
Explain the action which should be taken in the event of a fire in the economiser. (6)

1.
With reference to a waste heat boiler/economiser:
(a) write a procedure for the cleaning of the gas side of a waste heat boiler/economiser when the associated main engine is:
(i) running; (5)
(ii) stopped. (5)
(b) write a procedure for operation of the main engine when the associated waste heat boiler/economiser cannot be operated

1. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the water/steam circulation system for the waste heat recovery system. (5)
(b) Explain how economiser circulation pumps are maintained in a cool condition to allow for prolonged operation with
(c) Describe how a waste heat recovery system steam pressure is maintained and the system operated when the ass
(i) low engine load; (4)
low steam demand. (4)

1. With reference to an economiser:

(a) write a procedure for the cleaning of the gas side of an economiser when the associated main engine is:
(i) running; (5)
(ii) stopped. (5)
write a procedure for operation of the main engine when the associated economiser cannot be operated due to tube failure. (6)
ube failure (6)
mission control regulations. (8)

-4

gas in combined gas/steam turbine systems. (8)

s economiser developing a serious leak which cannot be immediately repaired. (6)

uffering severe damage rendering it inoperable. (6)

miser developing a serious leak which cannot be immediately repaired (6).

rated due to tube failure. (6)

n without problem. (3)

he associated diesel engine plant is operating on EACH of the following:
1. ) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a hydraulic top bracing for a large 2 stroke diesel engine. (14)
(b) State the advantage of the hydraulic type over the friction type top bracing. (2)

1. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a main engine holding down system explaining
how the design features help prevent excessive stress in the holding down studs. (8)

(b) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, an engine top bracing arrangement, explaining why they are fitted and checked for operatio
sel engine. (14)

ey are fitted and checked for operational performance. (8)

Explain why crankshaft deflections are taken. (4)
(b) Write a procedure for the taking of main engine crankshaft deflections. (8)
Explain the action to be taken if some crankshaft deflection readings are outside acceptable limits. (4)

1. Define the term Torsional Vibration with respect to an engine crankshaft, stating the effect that
high levels can have on an engine crankshaft. (6)
(b) Explain how engine deterioration influences the risk of Torsional Vibration, stating what can be
done to minimize that risk. (4)
(c) Explain TWO possible reasons for the activation of a Torsional Vibration alarm after an engine
has been started if there had been no previous history of such an alarm and if no maintenance had
been undertaken on the engine whilst it was stopped. (6)

1. Explain the term torsional vibration, indicating the effect this can have on an engine crankshaft. (6)
(b) Explain why a detuner/vibration damper might be fitted to an engine. (5)
Explain why an engine might have a barred speed range and why the engine should not be operated continuously in th

1. With reference to diesel engine crankshafts:

(a) explain the causes and effects of torsional vibration; (4)
(b) explain the term critical speed, stating why the engine should not be continuously operated at this spee
explain the term fatigue cracking, stating, with reasons, TWO factors which have an influence on the likelihood of fatigu

1. With reference to main engine crankshafts:

(a) explain the term axial vibration; (4)
(b) describe, with the aid of a sketch, how axial vibration may be minimised; (6)
(c) state with reasons which bearing would be most at risk due to the effects of axial vibration; (3)
describe how damage to the bearing stated in part (c) may be repaired. (3)
ble limits. (4)

on an engine crankshaft. (6)

be operated continuously in that range. (5)

inuously operated at this speed; (6)

ence on the likelihood of fatigue cracking. (6)

fects of axial vibration; (3)

Explain, with the aid of a sketch, thermal stress, stating how thermal stress is
inducing in the cylinder liner when engine is operating (8)
(b) Explain why thermal stress may be damaging to an engine cylinder. (4)
(c)
Explain, how stress may be avoided in an operating engine without
reducing engine power output. (4)

Explain, with the aid of a sketch, thermal stress, stating how thermal stress is inducing in the cylinder liner w
(b) Explain why thermal stress may be damaging to an engine cylinder. (4)
(c) Explain, how stress may be avoided in an operating engine without reducing engine power output. (4)
cing in the cylinder liner when engine is operating (8)

ngine power output. (4)

With reference to failure of fuel injector nozzles due to burning:
(a) state, with reasons, THREE possible causes; (6)
(b) write a procedure to be used when investigating the cause of fuel injector nozzle burning;(6)
(c)

describe a system which should be operated in order to minimise the risk of future fuel injector nozzle
burning. (4)

Explain why optimum fuel atomisation is required in a marine diesel engine cylinder and how it is achieved. (
(b) Explain how optimum fuel droplet size is produced by a fuel injector. (6)
(c) Explain how fuel injector nozzles are maintained in good condition. (4)

With reference to failure of fuel injector nozzles due to burning:

(a) state, with reasons, THREE possible causes; (6)
(b) write a procedure to be used when investigating the cause of fuel injector nozzle burning; (6
(c) describe a system which should be operated in order to minimise the risk of future fuel injector n

As Chief Engineer, explain how the performance of a main diesel engine may be determined, indicating how the information co
analysed to assess the performance of an individual cylinder in relation to the overall engine performance. (6)

(b) Explain how defective fuel injection may be detected stating, with reasons, the causes of defective cylinder fuel injection. (6)

(c) Explain the causes of afterburning in a single cylinder of a diesel engine, stating how this may be brought to the attention o
engineer. (4)

3. With reference to failure of fuel injector nozzles due to burning:

(a) state, with reasons, THREE possible causes; (6)
(b) write a procedure to be used when investigating the cause of fuel injector nozzle burning; (6)
(c) describe a system which should be operated in order to minimise the risk of future fuel injector nozzle burning. (4)
r nozzle burning. (4)
 1.
With reference to the use of camshaft chain drive systems on diesel engines:
(a) describe the inspection process and the possible defects that may be found; (8)
describe how correct chain tension is maintained, stating the effects of incorrect tension. (8)
be found; (8)
Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a main engine and generator engine fuel system which
has the capability of changing the generators from HFO to MDO operation whilst maintaining
circulation of HFO in the main engine system. (8)
B. Write instructions for the change of the generator engines to operate on MDO whilst
keeping the main engine fuel system circulated with HFO during stay in a port where fuel
burning restrictions apply. (8)

Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a main engine fuel oil circulating system incorporating the MGO
and HFO service tanks, a fuel change over system, heating and viscosity control system and tank
return system. (10)
b. Write instructions for changing the system described in part (a) of the question from MGO to HFO,
indicating the checks to be made during the changeover. (6)

) Sketch a main engine fuel system from the HFO and Low Sulphur service tanks to the main engine, showing all
important valves. (6)

(b) Using the sketch drawn in part (a), write instructions for the changeover of a main engine fuel system from HFO to Low
Sulphur fuel, indicating the timescale for each operation. (10)

As Chief Engineer write instructions for the main and auxiliary engine fuel change-over procedures to be followed
when a vessel is due to move into an Emission Control Area. Approximate times must be mentioned to ensure that the
vessel does not infringe any regulations and the instructions must mention steps required to avoid cross-
contamination of fuel in service tanks, where MGO is carried as the low sulphur fuel. (16

3. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a main engine fuel oil circulating system incorporating the MGO and HFO
service tanks, a fuel change over system, heating and viscosity control system and tank return system. (10)

Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a waste heat steam generating system incorporating separate oil- fired BOILER and
diesel engine exhaust gas heat recovery unit(economiser)
Explain how the system described in part (a) operates to ensure that the correct steam pressure is maintained during variations
engine load and steam consumption.
With reference to a ship with a single service tank, write a procedure for changing the entire main engine and auxiliary
engine fuel oil supplies and treatment system from Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) to Low Sulphur Heavy Fuel Oil (LSHFO) in
preparation for the vessel entering an Emission Control Area (ECA), indicating the approximate times of EACH action
prior to entering the ECA. (16)

1. With reference to operating medium speed diesel engines on residual fuel:

(a) state, with reasons, FOUR of the main problems; (4)
(b) describe how the problems stated in part (a) may be minimised in order to ensure that an engine may be operated
correctly; (4)
explain the dangers associated with fuel systems and how they are mitigated. (8)

1. With respect to marine fuels:

(a) explain why the use of fuel additives maybe considered; (6)
(b) explain the problems caused by different contaminants in the fuel; (6)
explain the problems caused by fuels from different sources and how these are minimised. (4)

As Chief Engineer write instructions for the main and auxiliary engine fuel change-over procedures to be followed
when a vessel is due to move into an Emission Control Area. Approximate times must be mentioned to ensure that the
vessel does not infringe any regulations and the instructions must mention steps required to avoid cross-
contamination of fuel in service tanks, where MGO is carried as the low sulphur fuel. (16)
1. Describe the procedure for checking and adjusting the
timing of a main engine fuel injection pump. (8)

(b) Explain how diesel engine power balance is achieved, stating

why it is essential. (8)
1. With reference to two stroke, slow speed engines:
Explain what is meant by the term thermal stress and how this can cause cracking of the crown surfaces;

With reference to two stroke, slow speed engines:

Explain what is meant by the term thermal stress and how this can cause cracking of the crown
surfaces; (4)
Sketch a cross section of a piston, labelling the MAIN components and indicating coolant flow; (8)
State a cause of EACH of the following defects:
(i) Burning of the crown upper surfaces; (2)
(ii) Carbon deposits in the cooling spaces. (2)
 State, with reasons, THREE engine operating parameters which should initiate an automatic slowdown if
engine operation is outside of set value conditions; (6)
(b) Describe how the operation of each slowdown listed in part (a) may be tested; (6)
(c) List two engine operating parameters which should initiate an automatic engine shutdown, in EACH case
explaining why this parameter MUST shut down the engine (4)

1. ) List TWO automatic main engine slowdown parameters, stating why EACH is applied to an engine. (4)
(b) List TWO automatic main engine shutdown parameters, stating why EACH is applied to an engine. (4)
Explain how EACH of the parameters listed in part (a) and part (b) are tested for the correct operation. (8)

1. With reference to main engine safety systems:

(a) state, with reasons, THREE engine operating parameters which should initiate an automatic slowdown if engine operation
(b)
describe how the operation of each slowdown listed in part (a) may be tested; (6)
list two engine operating parameters which should initiate an automatic engine shutdown, in EACH case explaining why this param

1. With reference to main slow speed engine safety systems:

(a) list FOUR engine operating parameters which will initiate an automatic engine slowdown, indicating in EACH case
(b) list TWO engine operating parameters which will initiate an automatic engine shutdown, indicating in EACH case
(c) explain how the operation of EACH shutdown listed on part (b) may be tested. (4)

1. With reference to main engine safety systems:

(a) state, with reasons, THREE engine operating parameters which should initiate an automatic slowdown if engine operation
(b) describe how the operation of each slowdown listed in part (a) may be tested; (6)
(c) list two engine operating parameters which should be selected to initiate an automatic engine shutdown, in EACH case ex

1. With reference to main engine safety systems:

(a) state, with reasons, THREE engine operating parameters which should initiate an automatic slowdown if engine o
(b) describe how the operation of each slowdown listed in part (a) may be tested; (6)
(c) list two engine operating parameters which should be selected to initiate an automatic engine shutdown, in EACH

1. With reference to main engine safety systems:

(a) list FOUR engine operating parameters which will initiate an automatic engine slowdown, indicating in EACH case why an
(b) list TWO engine operating parameters which will initiate an automatic engine shutdown, indicating in EACH case why an a
(c) explain how the operation of EACH shutdown listed in part (b) may be tested. (4)
 1. ) List TWO automatic main engine slowdown parameters, stating why EACH is applied to an engine. (4)
(b) List TWO automatic main engine shutdown parameters, stating why EACH is applied to an engine. (4)
Explain how EACH of the parameters listed in part (a) and part (b) are tested for the correct operation.
an engine. (4)
o an engine. (4)

n if engine operation is outside of set value conditions; (6)

laining why this parameter MUST shut down the engine. (4)

dicating in EACH case why an automatic slowdown is necessary; (8)

cating in EACH case why an automatic shutdown is necessary; (4)

n if engine operation is outside of set value conditions; (6)

own, in EACH case explaining why this parameter MUST shut down the engine. (4)

slowdown if engine operation is outside of set value conditions; (6)

ne shutdown, in EACH case explaining why this parameter MUST shut down the engine. (4)

n EACH case why an automatic slowdown is necessary; (8)

EACH case why an automatic shutdown is necessary; (4)
o an engine. (4)
Explain why multiple air inlet and exhaust valves are fitted to some medium speed
diesel engines. (4)
Explain how the valve actuator (tappet) clearance is set for multiple valve installations. (4)
Write a procedure for checking the valve operating mechanisms of a medium speed engine.
(8)

1. Explain why multiple air inlet and exhaust valves are fitted to some medium speed diesel
engines.(4) Explain how the valve actuator (tappet) clearance is set for multiple valve installations.
(4)
Write a procedure for checking the valve operating mechanisms of a medium speed engine. (8)

1. With reference to exhaust valves on medium speed engines burning heavy fuel oil:
(a) state the disadvantages of the mechanical operation of valves; (4)
(b) explain how multiple inlet exhaust valves reduce pumping losses; (4)
(c) explain the reasons for multiple springs on each valve; (4)
state reasons for rotating exhaust valves and how this can be achieved. (4)

1. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a main engine hydraulically operated exhaust valve which is designed to rotat
(b) Explain TWO methods how the opening of the exhaust valve described in part (a) can be controlled. (4)
(c) Explain why the valve described in part (a) is rotated. (4)

1. Explain why multiple exhaust valves are fitted to some medium speed diesel engines. (6)
(b) Explain how the valve actuator (tappet) clearance is set for multiple valve installations. (4)
Write instructions for checking the valve operating mechanisms of a medium speed engine. (6)

1. With reference to diesel engine cylinder head exhaust valves:

(a) state, with reasons, the indications of valve burn out; (4)
(b) state the causes of burnt out valves; (4)
describe the onboard procedures and practices that would minimise valve failure. (8)

1. Explain why variable exhaust valve closing can be advantageous in the operation of large slow speed main engi
(b) Explain, with the aid of a sketch, how variable exhaust valve closing is achieved. (6)
(c) Explain how high impact is avoided as the valve closes. (2)
ve which is designed to rotate in service. (8)
can be controlled. (4)

diesel engines. (6)

valve installations. (4)

f large slow speed main engines. (8)

Sketch a diesel engine high pressure common rail fuel system, labelling the MAIN
parts. (8)
(b) Describe how the common rail system sketched in part (a) operates, explaining
how fuel injection timing is controlled. (8)

With reference to a main engine fuel system of the high pressure common rail type:
(a) Sketch a common rail fuel injection system from booster pump inlet to cylinder head fuel valves, labelling
the MAIN components; (8)
(b) Explain how the fuel pumps are operated and the common rail pressure is maintained ;(8)

(c) Explain how fuel injection timing and quantity is regulated for the common rail fuel system sketched in part
(a). (4)

Sketch a diesel engine high pressure common rail fuel system, labelling the MAIN parts. (8)
(b) Describe how the common rail system sketched in part (a) operates, explaining how fuel injection timing
is controlled.
) Describe the procedure for entry into, and inspection of,
the inside of a starting air receiver, stating the types of
defects which may be present with their possible causes.
(12)
(b) Describe the procedure of closing up the air receiver
and the initial pressurisation to working pressure. (4)

With reference to diesel engine starting air systems:

(a) Write instructions for the checking of the starting air
system in order to determine the reason for an engine
failing to turn over when the starting air system is
activated; (6)
(b) Describe the procedure for checking and
preparing a starting air receiver for survey; (6)
(c) Explain why cooling is required between the
compressor stages and after the final stage, Stating the
arrangement used for draining condensate from the
coolers. (4)

) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a main

engine starting air system, stating the safety
devices which are incorporated. (8)
(B) In the event of the main engine failing to turn
over on air even though there was sufficient air
pressure in the starting air receivers, explain the
procedure for tracing the cause of the failure. (8)

) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a main

engine starting air system, stating the safety
devices which are incorporated.
(B) In the event of the main engine failing to turn
over on air even though there was sufficient air
pressure in the starting air receivers, explain the
procedure for tracing the cause of the failure.

Explain why an engine may fail to start on air when the start air
receiver is fully charged and the air receiver outlet to the engine
is open. (10)
 (b) Describe how problems with air start systems may be
avoided. (6)

With reference to diesel engine starting air systems:

(a) Write instructions for the checking of the starting air system in order
to determine the reason for an engine failing to turn over when the
starting air system is activated; (6)
(b) Describe the procedure for checking and preparing a starting
air receiver for survey; (6)
(c) Explain why cooling is required between the compressor stages
and after the final stage, Stating the arrangement used for draining
condensate from the coolers. (4)

With reference to diesel engine starting air systems:

(a) write instructions for the checking of the starting air system in order to
determine the reason for an engine failing to turn over when the starting air
system is activated; (6)
(b) Describe the procedure for checking and preparing a starting air receiver for
survey; (6)

Explain why cooling is required between the compressor stages and after the
final stage, stating the arrangement used for draining condensate from the
coolers. (4)

1. ) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a main engine starting air system, stating
the safety devices which are incorporated. (8)

(b) In the event of the main engine failing to turn over on air even thought here was
sufficient air pressure in the starting air receivers, explain the procedure for tracing the
cause of the failure. (8)

Describe the dangers associated with a main engine starting

air system, explaining how these dangers are mitigated. (9)
(b) State, with reasons, THREE causes of an engine failing to
fire on fuel after successfully turning over on starting air. (3)
(c) Explain how the engine is transferred to local (engine
side) control in the event of failure of the main engine
remote control system. (4)
Q5. Discuss the dangers associated with a main engine starting air system,
explaining how Discuss these dangers are mitigated. (9)
(b) State, with reasons, THREE causes of an engine failing to fire on fuel after
successfully turning over on starting air. (3)
Explain how the engine is transferred to local (engine side) control in the event
of failure of the main engine remote control system. (4)

1. s Chief Engineer write instructions for the checking of the engine Slow
Turning System and subsequent monitoring of the engine Slow Turning System.
The instruction must take account of problem areas which may be linked to the
need for slow turning of an engine whilst selected for standby and prior to an
actual start. (16)

1. With reference to an engine air starting system:

(a) explain why a slow turning system is fitted; (4)
(b) state, with reasons, when a slow turning system operates; (2)
describe, with the aid of a sketch, an air starting system, explaining how the slow turning system operates. (10)

1. With reference to an engine air starting system:

(a) explain why a slow turning system is fitted; (4)
(b) state, with reasons, when a slow turning system operates; (2)
(c) describe, with the aid of a sketch, an air starting system, explaining how the slow turning system opera

1. With reference to a main engine air starting system:

(a) explain why a slow turning system is fitted; (4)
(a) state, with reasons, when a slow turning system operates; (2)
(b) describe, with the aid of a sketch, an air starting system, explaining how the slow turning system operates. (10)

1. With reference to main starting air reservoirs:

(a) state, with reasons, FOUR safety devices fitted; (4)
(b) write a procedure in order to prepare a reservoir for internal inspection; (6)
(c)
describe an internal inspection, stating TWO defects which may be found and the possible causes of such defects.

1. With reference to a main engine starting air system:

(a) explain why a slow turning system is fitted; (3)
(b) explain how the slow turning system operates when an engine start is initiated; (5)
 (c) write a procedure for determining the reason for a main engine starting air system failing to operate. (8)

1. Describe the procedure for entry into, and inspection of, the inside of a starting air bottle, stating the types of def
(b) Describe the procedure of closing up the bottle and the initial pressurisation to working pressure. (4)

1. Discuss the dangers associated with a main engine starting air system, explaining how these dangers are mitiga
(b) State, with reasons, THREE causes of an engine failing to fire on fuel after successfully turning over on starting
(c) Explain how the engine is transferred to local (engine side) control in the event of failure of the main engine rem

1. Describe the procedure for entry into, and inspection of, the inside of a starting
air bottle, stating the types of defects which may be present with their possible
causes. (12)
(b) Describe the procedure of closing up the bottle and the initial pressurisation to working pressure. (4)
tem operates. (10)

slow turning system operates. (10)

ing system operates. (10)

e causes of such defects. (6)

ing to operate. (8)

le, stating the types of defects which may be present with their possible causes. (12)
g pressure. (4)

w these dangers are mitigated. (9)

lly turning over on starting air. (3)
ure of the main engine remote control system. (4)
) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the HT and LT cooling water systems for
a combined pair of medium speed engines in an installation. (12)
(b) For the system described in part (a), explain how a shut-down engine is
maintained at the correct temperature for immediate starting when the
associated engine is also stopped and when the associated engine is
running. (4)

Explain what is meant by the term thermal stress and how this can cause cracking of the
crown surfaces; (4)
Sketch a cross section of a piston, labelling the MAIN components and indicating coolant
flow; (8) State a cause of EACH of the following defects:
(i) Burning of the crown upper surfaces; (2)
(ii) Carbon deposits in the cooling spaces. (2)

1. With reference to two stroke, slow speed engine pistons:

(a) explain what is meant by the term thermal stress and how this can cause cracking of crown surfaces; (4)
(b) sketch a cross-section of a piston, labelling the main components and indicating coolant flow; (8)
(c) state a cause of EACH of the following defects:
(i) burning of the crown upper surfaces;
carbon deposits in the cooling spaces.

1. With reference to engine fuel injector nozzle cooling:

(a) explain why fuel injector nozzle cooling is necessary; (4)
(b) describe, with the aid of a sketch, the operation of a nozzle cooling system for a generator engine; (8)

explain how fuel injector nozzles are cooled on engines which are not fitted with a separate nozzle cooling
system. (4)

Describe, with the aid of a sketch, an engine cooling water waste Heat recovery
system for generating electricity, explaining how the system operates. (8)
(b) Describe, with the aid of sketches if necessary, how waste heat recovered for
diesel engine cooling water can be utilised throughout the ship for different heating
purposes, explaining how such heat recovery systems are operated.
wn surfaces; (4)
olant flow; (8)
As Chief Engineer Officer, write instructions for the actions to be taken in
the event of a high temperature scavenge alarm being activated, due to a
rapid rise in temperature, during a period of UMS operation, stating the
reasons for EACH action. (16)

Explain how the build-up of residue in the scavenge space of a large slow speed two stroke
engine is minimised by design, operation, and maintenance.
(b) Explain the possible damage which could be caused by a scavenge fire.

As Chief Engineer Officer, write instructions for the actions to be taken in the event of a high
temperature scavenge alarm being activated, due to a rapid rise in temperature, during a period of
UMS operation, stating the reasons for EACH action. (16)

Q7. (a)

) Explain how the buildup of residue in the scavenge space of a large slow speed two stroke engine is minim
Explain the possible damage which could be caused by a scavenge fire. (6)

As Chief Engineer Officer, write instructions for the actions to be taken in the event of a high
temperature scavenge alarm being activated during a period of UMS operation, stating the reasons for
EACH action. (16)

1. Write instructions for the actions to be taken in the event of a scavenge fire outbreak during a night-
time period of UMS operations. The instructions must cover the period from the initial alarm until the
engine is in a safe condition. (6)

(b) Describe the procedure for restarting of the engine and operation up to the changeover to UMS. (4)

Explain the possible consequences if a scavenge fire is not attended to immediately. (6)

1. Write a procedure for the action a duty engineer should take on being called to the engine room
during a UMS period in the event of an engine slowdown due to a high scavenge temperature alarm on
the main propulsion engine. (6)
(b) State, with reasons, the possible causes of a high scavenge temperature on a main propulsion
engine. (4)
(c) Explain why a condition resulting in the activation of high scavenge temperature alarm can cause
engine damage if the engine is not slowed down when the fault initially occurs. (6)

1. Explain how the build up of residue in the scavenge space of a large slow speed two stroke engine
is minimised by design, operation and maintenance. (10)
(b) Explain the possible damage which could be caused by a scavenge fire. (6)
 -10
-6

two stroke engine is minimised by design, operation and maintenance. (10)

 . With reference to large, slow speed, crosshead type engines;
(a) Explain the nature of the force acting on the transverse girder; (6)
(b) Explain the nature and local defects that can occur in transverse girder; (6)
(c) Explain the possible consequences of operating the engine with serious defects p

Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the lubrication systems of a crosshead type diesel engine. (8)
B. Explain the properties required by the lubricating oil in each of the systems described in part (a), stating how these pr

Write a report to the engineering superintendent regarding the failure of a main crosshead engine fuel pump cam
and follower where the damage was so severe that the normal pump lifting equipment could not be immediately
fitted. The report must explain how the defected, the immediate action taken, the rectifying action taken to ensure
that the engine could be operated and the checks made on the engine before restarting.(16)

Describe how crosshead bearing and guide clearances can be checked. (6)
b. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the procedure for checking the condition of a crosshead engine bottom en

draw a labelled sketch through a section of a crosshead tyope engine, showing the location
and fitting of tie rods. (4)
(b) Explain why tie rods are fitted in crosshead engines and are not required for trunk piston
engines. (6)
(c) As chief engineer officer, write instructions for the checking of tie rods fitted in an engine,
stating the equipment to be used. (6)

Describe how crosshead bearing and guide clearances can be checked. (6)
b. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the procedure for checking the condition of a crosshead engine bottom end bearing.
(10)

4. State, with reasons, SIX points that should be covered by a risk assessment for the inspection of a main engine crosshea
b. State how it can be ensured that the lifting equipment used for the inspection of a crosshead bearing is fit for the purpose i
c. list THREE defects which might be detected during inspection of a crosshead pin and bearing, stating the probable cause

1. State, with reasons, SIX points which should be covered in a risk assessment for the replacement of a crosshead main
engine fuel injection pump in port. (6)
(b) Write instructions for the replacement of a crosshead main engine fuel injection pump. (10)
 5. State, with reasons, SIX points that should be covered by a risk assessment for the inspection of a main
engine crosshead bearing. (6)
b. State how it can be ensured that the lifting equipment used for the inspection of a crosshead bearing is fit for
the purpose intended. (4)
c. list THREE defects which might be detected during inspection of a crosshead pin and bearing, stating the
probable cause of such defects. (6)

7. Explain why top bracing is used for large crosshead engines. (4)
b. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a hydraulic top bracing unit for a large crosshead engine indicating where the top bracing

Describe with the aid of sketches, the procedure for lifting a cylinder cover from a slow speed crosshead engine,
explaining how the lifting gear is attached to the cover. (6)

(b) State the risks that may be associated with lifting a cylinder cover using the procedure described in part (a). (4)

Describe the arrangements which must be in place to ensure that all lifting equipment has a current test certificate and is fit
for operation. (6)

1. Describe, with the aid of sketches, the procedure for lifting a cylinder cover from a slow speed crosshead engine,
explaining how the lifting gear is attached to the cover. (6)

(b) State the risks that may be associated with lifting a cylinder cover using the procedure described in part (a). (4)

Describe the arrangements which must be in place to ensure that all lifting equipment has a current test certificate and is fit
for operation. (6)

1. State, with reasons, SIX points which should be covered in a risk assessment for the replacement of a crosshead main
engine fuel injection pump in port. (6)
(b) Write instructions for the replacement of a crosshead main engine fuel injection pump. (10)

1. Describe the actions and checks required to ensure that a crosshead main propulsion engine may be operated in a
Slow Steaming condition. (8)
(b) Explain the problems which may arise during a prolonged period of Slow Steaming. (4)
Explain what actions should be taken before and after the engine is returned to normal operation after a period of Slow
Steaming. (4)
e girder; (6)
ous defects present in the transverse girder. (4)

ing how these properties compare with those of a lubricating oil used in the crankcase of a trunk piston type diesel engine

gine bottom end bearing. (10)

n engine crosshead bearing. (6)

it for the purpose intended. (4)
e probable cause of such defects. (6)
re the top bracing is fitted and how it operates. (6)
n type diesel engine
With reference to fatigue of engineering components;
(a) Draw an S/N curve for steel, showing the fatigue limit and
two representative stress cycle condition on the graph (4)

With the aid of sketches, explain the term "fatigue" as

applicable to engineering components. State what is meant
by the term "fatigue limit". (12)
(b) Explain the term "stress raiser" with respect to fatigue,
giving THREE examples and stating how stress raisers
reduce the fatigue life of a component. (4)

With reference to fatigue of engineering components;

(a) Draw an S/N curve for steel, showing the fatigue limit and two representative stress cycle condit
(b) Explain how a component is designed to avoid fatigue failure, suing the S/N curve drawn in part
(c) Explain how poor maintenance and incorrect machinery operation can result in fatigue failure ev

(a) Explain how a component is designed to avoid fatigue

failure, suing the S/N curve drawn in part (a) (4)
(b) Explain how poor maintenance and incorrect machinery
operation can result in fatigue failure even though a
component is designed to operate below the fatigue limit (8)

Describe, with the aid of an S/N curve, the relationship

between applied stress and the number of applied
stress fluctuations in fatigue crack propagation. (5)
B. Define the term Stress Raiser, giving examples and
explaining the influence of a stress raiser on the
propagation of a crack. (5)
C. Define the term Fatigue Limit, explaining, with
examples, how poor maintenance and poor machine
operation can result in fatigue
crack propagation even though a component has
been designed to avoid fatigue cracking (6)
1. Describe, with the aid of an S/N curve, the relationship between applied stress
and the number of applied stress fluctuations in fatigue crack propagation. (5)

Define the term Stress Raiser, giving examples and explaining the influence of a stress
raiser on the propagation of a crack. (5)
Define the term Fatigue Limit, explaining, with examples, how poor maintenance and poor machine operation can result in fatigue

4. Explain fatigue cracking, stating its causes and propagation. (8)

(b) Explain how the risk of fatigue cracking of cylinder head holding studs is liable to be
increased by poor maintenance and engine overload. (8)
ntative stress cycle condition on the graph (4)
S/N curve drawn in part (a) (4)
result in fatigue failure even though a component is designed to operate below the fatigue limit (8)
ne operation can result in fatigue crack propagation even though a component has been designed to avoid fatigue cracking (6)
Write a procedure for the actions to be taken in the event of an engine Oil mist alarm
being activated, stating the reason for EACH action. The procedure must cover the
period from activation of the alarm to return of the engine to normal operation. (16)

) Describe the purpose of a diesel engine crankcase oil mist eliminator / oil box,
explaining how such a system operates. (6)
(b) Describe, with reasons, the properties required of a trunk piston diesel engine
crankcase lubrication oil stating how the LO is maintained in good condition over an
operating period. (10)

5. Write a procedure for the actions to be taken in the event of an engine Oil mist alarm being activated, stating the
reason for EACH action. The procedure must cover the period from activation of the alarm to return of the engine to
normal operation. (16)

Write the Chief Engineer Officer's Standing Instructions for the actions to be taken by the watch keeping engineer in the even
(b) State the procedure to be followed in the event of repeated activation of an oil mist fault alarm. (8)

Write the Chief Engineer Officer's Standing Instructions for the actions to be taken by the watchkeeping engineer in the
event of failure of the engine room monitoring and alarm system. (8)
(b) State the procedure to be followed in the event of repeated activation of an oil mist detector alarm.

Write a procedure for the actions to be taken in the event of an engine oil mist detector alarm being activated, stating
the reasons for EACH action. The procedure must cover the period from activation of the alarm to return of the engine
to normal operation. (16)

1. Write a procedure for the actions to be taken in the event of an engine oil mist detector alarm being activated,
stating the reasons for EACH action. The procedure must cover the period from activation of the alarm to return of the
engine to normal operation. (16)

Write a procedure for the actions to be taken in the event of an engine oil mist detector alarm being activated, stating
the reasons for EACH action. The procedure must cover the period from activation of the alarm to return of the engine
to normal operation. (16)
g engineer in the event of failure of the engine room monitoring and alarm system. (8)