Units Topics

Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory: Concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound:
Unit 1: Some Physical quantities and their measurements in Chemistry, precision, and accuracy, significant figures.
Basic Concepts S.I.Units, dimensional analysis: Laws of chemical combination; Atomic and molecular masses, mole
in Chemistry concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae: Chemical equations
and stoichiometry.
Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations; Nature of electromagnetic radiation,
photoelectric effect; Spectrum of the hydrogen atom. Bohr model of a hydrogen atom - its postulates,
derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of
Bohr's model; Dual nature of matter, de Broglie's relationship. Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanics, the quantum mechanical model of the
Unit 2: Atomic
atom, its important features. Concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions: Variation of Y
Structure
and Y2 with r for 1s and 2s orbitals; various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, and
magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance; shapes of s, p, and d - orbitals, electron spin and
spin quantum number: Rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle. Pauli's exclusion
principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and
completely filled orbitals.

Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, the concept of ionic and covalent bonds.
Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of
lattice enthalpy. Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity. Fajan’s rule, dipole moment: Valence
Unit 3: Chemical
Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR ) theory and shapes of simple molecules. Quantum mechanical
Bonding and
approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory - its important features, the concept of
Molecular
hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals; Resonance. Molecular Orbital Theory - Its important
Structure
features. LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular
orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, the concept of bond order, bond
length, and bond energy. Elementary idea of metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding and its applications.

Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties,

state functions, types of processes. The first law of thermodynamics - Concept of work, heat internal
energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess’s law of constant heat summation;
Unit 4: Chemical
Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition,
Thermodynamics
hydration, ionization, and solution. The second law of thermodynamics - Spontaneity of processes; DS
of the universe and DG of the system as criteria for spontaneity. DG° (Standard Gibbs energy change)
and equilibrium constant.
Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction,
percentage (by volume and mass both), the vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law - Ideal and
non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and nonideal solutions; Colligative
Unit 5: Solutions
properties of dilute solutions - a relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, the
elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure; Determination of molecular mass using colligative
properties; Abnormal value of molar mass, van’t Hoff factor and its significance.
Meaning of equilibrium, the concept of dynamic equilibrium. Equilibria involving physical processes:
Solid-liquid, liquid - gas and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law. General characteristics of equilibrium
involving physical processes. Equilibrium involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium,
equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance, the significance of DG and DG° in chemical
Unit 6: equilibrium, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature, the effect of catalyst;
Equilibrium Le Chatelier’s principle. Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes,
various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius. Bronsted - Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization,
acid-base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants, ionization of water. pH
scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, the solubility of sparingly
soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions.
Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning
oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions. Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in
Unit 7: Redox electrolytic solutions, molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch’s law and
Reactions and its applications. Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes,
Electrochemistry electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half - cell and cell reactions, emf of a
Galvanic cell and its measurement: Nernst equation and its applications; Relationship between cell
potential and Gibbs' energy change: Dry cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells.
 Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature,
pressure, and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate
Unit 8: Chemical
law, rate constant and its units, differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions, their
Kinetics
characteristics and half-lives, the effect of temperature on the rate of reactions, Arrhenius theory,
activation energy and its calculation, collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation).

Inorganic Chemistry
Units Topics
Unit 9: Classification of Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p. d and f block elements,
Elements and Periodicity periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron
in Properties gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity.
Group -13 to Group 18 Elements
General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical
properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first
element in each group. Groupwise study of the p - block elements
Group -13
Preparation, properties, and uses of boron and aluminum; Structure, properties, and uses of
borax, boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminum chloride, and alums.
Group -14
The tendency for catenation; Structure, properties, and uses of Allotropes and oxides of
carbon, silicon tetrachloride, silicates, zeolites, and silicones.
Unit 10: p-block Group -15
elements Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; Allotrophic forms of phosphorus; Preparation,
properties, structure, and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine, and phosphorus halides,
(PCl3. PCl5); Structures of oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Group -16
Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of ozone: Allotropic forms of sulphur; Preparation,
properties, structures, and uses of sulphuric acid (including its industrial preparation);
Structures of oxoacids of sulphur.
Group-17
Preparation, properties, and uses of hydrochloric acid; Trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen
halides; Structures of Interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens. Group-
18
Transition Elements
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in
properties of the first-row transition elements - physical properties, ionization enthalpy,
oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex
Unit 11: d- and f-block
formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation; Preparation, properties, and uses of
elements
K2Cr2O7, and KMnO4.
Inner Transition Elements
Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, and lanthanoid contraction.
Actinoids - Electronic configuration and oxidation states.
Introduction to coordination compounds. Werner's theory; ligands, coordination number,
denticity. chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear co-ordination compounds,
Unit 12: Coordination
isomerism; Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and
Compounds
magnetic properties; Importance of co-ordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction
of metals and in biological systems).

Organic Chemistry
Units Topics

Purification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography -

Unit 13: Purification
principles and their applications.
and
Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens.
Characterization of
Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) - Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen,
Organic
halogens, sulphur, phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae:
Compounds
Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis
 Tetravalency of carbon: Shapes of simple molecules - hybridization (s and p): Classification of
organic compounds based on functional groups: and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen,
and sulphur; Homologous series: Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism.

Unit 14: Some Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC)

Basic Principles of Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations, and carbanions;
Organic Chemistry stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles, and nucleophiles.

Electronic displacement in a covalent bond - Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance,

and hyperconjugation.
Common types of organic reactions- Substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement.

Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and

reactions.
Alkanes - Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane): Mechanism of
halogenation of alkanes.
Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism: Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen,
halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoffs and peroxide effect): Ozonolysis and
Unit 15:
polymerization.
Hydrocarbons
Alkynes - Acidic character: Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halides:
Polymerization.
Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene - structure and aromaticity: Mechanism of
electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration.
Friedel - Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in
monosubstituted benzene.
Unit 16: Organic General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions; Nature of C-X bond; Mechanisms of
Compounds substitution reactions.
containing Halogen Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform freons, and DDT.

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses.

ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS, AND ETHERS
Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols: mechanism of
dehydration. Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation. nitration and
sulphonation. Reimer - Tiemann reaction.
Unit 17: Organic
Ethers: Structure.
Compounds
Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative
containing Oxygen
reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; Important reactions such as - Nucleophilic addition reactions
(addition of HCN. NH3, and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation: reduction (Wolf Kishner
and Clemmensen); the acidity of a-hydrogen. aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction. Haloform
reaction, Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones.
Carboxylic Acids Acidic strength and factors affecting it

General methods of preparation. Properties, reactions, and uses.

Unit 18: Organic
Amines: Nomenclature, classification structure, basic character, and identification of primary,
Compounds
secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character.
containing Nitrogen
Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

General introduction and importance of biomolecules. CARBOHYDRATES - Classification; aldoses

and ketoses: monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of
Unit 19: oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose).PROTEINS - Elementary Idea of a-amino acids,
Biomolecules peptide bond, polypeptides. Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure
(qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes. VITAMINS – Classification and functions.
NUCLEIC ACIDS – Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA. Biological functions of nucleic acids

Unit 20: Principles Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen, Sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds; Detection of the following
Related to Practical functional groups; hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketones) carboxyl, and amino
Chemistry groups in organic compounds.
· The chemistry involved in the preparation of the following:
Inorganic compounds; Mohr’s salt, potash alum.
Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform.
· The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises – Acids, bases and the use of indicators, oxalic-acid vs
KMnO4, Mohr’s salt vs KMnO4
· Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis
Chemical principles involved in the following experiments:
1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4
2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base.
3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols.
4. Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ions with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.