Academic
Writing
Margaret Low, James
Pennington, David Reynolds
eBusiness Fundamentals
1 | © WMG 2024
What is Referencing
Acknowledging the source of the information use to create your
work.
It shows how you have used other people’s work to create your
argument and ideas.
Citation: how you acknowledge the author in your writing at the
point you refer to their work
Reference: each citation should appear in a reference list at the end
of your document.
https://www.ncl.ac.uk/academic-skills-kit/good-academic-practice/referencing/
Referencing
Whatever the information sources is:
Websites
Textbooks
Journals
Articles
Magazines etc.
Why should you reference
Provides authority to your work showing the breadth of research
Helps a reader to see how you’ve developed your argument
Provides the reader with the original source so they can review of
needed
Allows others to use your work as a research source
Shows which ideas are your own
What Should be Referenced
Something that you would not ordinarily have known.
Information that can’t be assumed to be known by the reader
You should also reference when:
summarising / paraphrasing ideas of an author
using direct quotations
using statical or other data
images, graphics etc.
https://holyfamily.libguides.com/citingsources
Evaluating Sources
CRAPP…..
Currency
Relevance
Authority
Accuracy
Purpose
https://researchguides.ben.edu/source-evaluation
Currency
How timely is the information?
You should be asking about the when the information was
published.
Remember, this is eBusiness and 10 years can make a big
difference to what your trying to state.
Is there newer information that provides a different viewpoint
https://researchguides.ben.edu/source-evaluation
Relevance
Does the information you’re taking relate to the area you are
discussing
Is the audience and context correct
The source is it at the correct level, not to basic
https://researchguides.ben.edu/source-evaluation
Authority
Is the author or organisation trusted
Is the author of the report / website / article an authority in this
area
What qualifies them to write on this area or publish articles in this
space
https://researchguides.ben.edu/source-evaluation
Accuracy
Is the information reliable and trustworthy
Is there any additional supporting evidence
Has the information been verified by any additional source
Is there any potential bias from the author (is it written by a
software vendor)
Is the spelling / grammar correct
https://researchguides.ben.edu/source-evaluation
Purpose
Is the article you’re reading to provide information, to teach or to
persuade?
Is the information fact or opinion
Is the writing objective or impartial
https://researchguides.ben.edu/source-evaluation
Plagarism
Paraphrasing a source to closely
Quotations without quotation marks
Copying elements from multiple sources
Omitting in-text citations
Submitting text that’s not yours
https://www.scribbr.co.uk/preventing-plagiarism/examples-plagiarism/
Paraphrasing Plagarism
You need to rewrite someone else ideas in your own words
You need to cite the original source still
It doesn’t mean just changing a few words
https://www.scribbr.co.uk/preventing-plagiarism/examples-plagiarism/
Original text
‘So much of modern-day life revolves around using opposable
thumbs, from holding a hammer to build a home to ordering food
delivery on our smartphones. But for our ancestors, the uses were
much simpler. Strong and nimble thumbs meant that they could
better create and wield tools, stones and bones for killing large
animals for food’ (Handwerk, 2021).
Example: Paraphrasing plagiarism
A lot of life today involves using opposable thumbs, from using a
hammer to build a house to ordering something on our
smartphones. But for our predecessors, the uses were much more
simple. Powerful and dexterous thumbs meant that they could
better make and use tools, stones and bones for killing large
animals to eat.
Examples of plagarism
Direct Plagiarism:
Copying another authors work without acknowledgment
Direct “Patchwork” Plagiarism:
Copying form multiple writers and rearranging with citations. Not
enough student contribution
Insufficient Citation and Quotes:
Using another authors work and not inkling quotations or citations.
https://www.niu.edu/academic-integrity/faculty/committing/examples/index.shtml
Criticality v Descriptive
Descriptive: Critical:
shows what you know reflects your own reasoning
show you can remember and
understand instead of what? It provides
the so what?
ability to summarise previous
work what does it mean and why
does it matter
provides the background for
your argument considers reasons for what
you’re saying and the
implications and limitations
Writing Tools
Criticality:
University of York:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/12IBlcqUgI3cebnKNuWD6
4gCdZp27LXg8PiS9wtuW1J8/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.9isemxdxe
emm
Manchester Phrase Bank:
https://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk/
Do you
have any
questions?
19 | © WMG 2024
