AD-133 IC ENGINE

for
Diploma of Associate Engineer
Auto & Diesel Technology
1st year class

(Theory notes)

Prepared by Muhammad zafar Iqbal

Sr. Instructor (Auto & Diesel)
GCT, Railway Road Lahore.

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Monday to Friday Only

Morning Evening Evening
Thursday &
Classes Saturday Classes Period No Classes
Timing Period No Timing 1 11-30
7-45 1 12-15 2 12-15
Jumaa Prayer break
8-30 2 01-00
01-00 pm to 01-45 pm
9-15 3 01-45 3 01-45
10-00 4 02-30 4 02-30
10-45 5 03-15 5 03-15
11-30 6 04-00 6 04-00
12-15 7 04-45 7 04-45
01-00 8 05-30 8 05-30
01-45 06-15 06-15
 REVISED CURRICULUM OF

Mechanical Technology (Power) with Specialization in

Auto Mobile &Diesel Technology

March-2015

SCHEME OF STUDIES

1st YEAR
Code Subject T P C

Gen 111 Islamiat& Pak Studies 1 0 1

ENG 112 English 2 0 2

Math 113 Applied Mathematics-I 3 0 3

Phy 122 Applied Physics 1 3 2

Workshop Practice-I 1 3 2
MT 164
a) Machine shop & Safety practice 1 3 2
b) Metal shop, Welding practice & Foundry
AD 133 I.C Engine 2 3 3

AD 143 Automotive Electricity & Electronics 2 3 3

Comp 142 Computer Application 1 3 2

Mech 163 Basic Engineering Drawing And CAD-I 1 6 3

151
TOTAL 24 23
203
 AD-133 INTERNAL COMBUSTION(I.C) ENGINE
Total Contact Hours T P C
Theory 64 2 3 3
Practical 96

Pre-requisite: None

AIMS.

1. Understand the working principles of petrol and diesel engines.

2. Understand the construction and working of engine systems.

3. Understand the systems based upon pressure and volume

4. Recognize the importance of proper relationship between

different parts and components.

6. Identify main parts of petrol and diesel engine

7. Know different types of IC engines

9. Compare between petrol and diesel engine

Detail of Contents:

AD-133 INTERNAL COMBUSTION(I.C) ENGINES

Instructional Objectives:

At the completion of this course, the students will be able to:

ENGINE HISTRORY/CONSTRUCTION

AND FUNDAMENTALS.
1. Know the history and development of automobile .
1.1 Describe the History of Automobile.
1.2 Describe the History of an engine.

2. Understand identification of the main components of vehicle.

2.1 Describe the different Types of Automobiles.
2.2 Enlist the main components of Vehicle and draw the Lay-out of their position.
2.3 Define engine, Frame, and chassis.
2.4 Describe types of engines (IC Engine & EC engine).
 3. Understand the construction and working of IC engine parts .
3.1 Describe the function, types, materials, construction and working of
following engine parts.
a. Piston , Piston rings, Piston pin, piston pin locks.
b. Connecting rod.
c. Crankshaft.
d. Vibration Damper
e. Fly Wheel
f. CylinderBlock, Cylinder, Cylinder Liner and its characteristics.
g. Camshaft.
h. Engine Valve
i. Rocker arm
j. Cylinder Head.
k. Combustion chamber.
l. Gaskets.
m. Timing Gears
n. Timing belt.

4. Understand the ic engine fundamentals and operations.

4.1 Define the following terminology of IC Engine.
a. Bore & Stroke.
b. TDC & BDC.
c. Clearance Volume.
d. Swept /Displacement Volume.
e. Cylinder total Volume.
4.2 Explain the working Principle of
a. 4-Stroke Petrol Engine.
b. 2-Stroke Petrol Engine.
c. 4-Stroke Diesel Engine.
d. 2-Stroke Diesel Engine.
4.3 Describe the Engine Compression ratio and its formula.
4.4 Describe the Capacity of engine in Cubic Centimeter(CC) and Calculate
the Swept Volume of the engine cylinder.
4.5 Compare 4-stroke cycle engine with 2-stroke cycle engine.
4.6 Compare petrol engine with diesel engine.

5. Understand the construction, types, and working of valve train mechanism.

5.1 Describe the function ,construction and working of the components of
valve train mechanism.
( Inlet / Exhaust valve, Valve seat, Valve Guide, Valve return spring,

Valve retainer, Push rod, Valve lifter and its types, Camshaft and camshaft timing

gear, Rocker arm assembly, Lay-out of Valve train assembly).

5.2 Describe ratio between crankshaft timing gear and cam shaft timing gear.
5.3 Explain Engine Valve timing diagram.
 5.4 Describe Valve overlapping.
5.5 Describe the procedure of setting of engine valve timing.
5.6 Describe valve clearance and its adjustment.
5.7 Enlist different types of valve arrangements.
5.8 Describe variable valve timing intelligent system (VVT-i).

6. Understand the classifications of engines.

6.1 Describe the Classifications/types of engines w.r.t.
a. Fuel
b. Strokes.
c. Ignition.
d. Cylinder arrangements.
e. No of Cylinders.
f. Valve arrangements.
g. Camshaft arrangements.
h. Cooling systems.
i. Lubrication systems.
j. Engine capacity.
k. Combustion chambers.
6.2 Describe working principal of Wankle engine.
6.3 Brief Introduction and lay-out of main components of Gas Turbine.
6.4 Brief Introduction and lay-out of main components of Hybrid Vehicle.

7. Understand the engine bearings.

7.1 State the purpose of bearings.
7.2 Enlist the types of bearing and their use in vehicles.
7.3 State the purpose of lubrication of Bearing .

ENGINE SYSTEMS.
8. Understand the working of an engine intake system.
8.1 State the function, and features of intake system.
8.2 State the function of Air Cleaner.
8.3 Enlist the parts of intake system.
8.4 Explain the working of each part of inlet system.

9. Understand the working of engine exhaust system.

9.1 State the purpose of exhaust system.
9.2 Enlist the parts of engine exhaust system.
9.3 Explain the working of each part of exhaust system.

10. Understand the purpose, types & construction of engine cooling system .
10.1 Statethe Purpose of engine Cooling System.
10.2 Describe the types of Engine Cooling System.
 10.3 Describe the Construction and Working of each component of EngineCooling system. i.e. (Radiator,
Radiator Pressure Cap, Radiator expansion tank, Hose pipe, Water pump, Water Jackets, Thermostat
valve, fan Shroud, Automatic Electric Fan, Fluid Coupling fan, Fan belt) .
10.4 Describe the Purpose and Characteristics of Anti-Freeze Coolant
(Ethyleneglycol).
10.5 Describe Causes and remedies of Engine Cooling System Faults.

11. Understand the purpose, types , construction & working of

an engine lubricating system.
11.1 Statethe Purpose of Engine Lubricating System.
11.2 Describe the types of Engine Lubricating System(Forced Feed & Splash System).
11.3 Describe the Construction and Working of each component of engine lubricating system. i.e. (oil
Sump, oil strainer, Oil Pump and its types, oil pressure relief valve, Oil Filter, oil gallery, Oil pressure
gauge and its circuit, cylinder oil passagesoil return line).
11.4 Describe the function of engine oil.
11.5 Describe the engine oil Viscosity and viscosity index i.e. SAE-30.
11.6 Describe the Schedule for changing of engine oil.
11.7 Describe causes and remedies of engine lubricating system faults.

12. Understand the purpose, types , construction and working of petrol

engine fuel system.
12.1 State the Purpose of Engine Fuel System.
12.2 Enlist and explain the Main Components of fuel system.
12.3 Enlist the main components of carburetor.
12.4 Describe the Basic Working Principle of Carburetor.
12.5 Describe in detail the procedure and steps involved for disassembling
and assembling 4stroke Motorcycle engine Carburetor
12.6 Describe the steps for the adjustment of carburetor float level.

13. Understand the purpose, construction and working of petrol

engine ignition system
13.1 State the Purpose of Engine ignition System.
13.2 Enlist the Main Components of ignition system.
13.3 Describe the purpose, construction and working of following components
of ignition system. i.e. (Battery, Ignition Switch, Ballast resistor, Ignition coil,

distributor, CB Points, dwell angle, Condenser, High tension leads, Spark plugs

and its types, firing orders).

13.4 Describe Causes and remedies of Engine Ignition System Faults.

14. Understand the construction and working of 4-stroke motorcycle engine
14.1 Enlist the main components of motorcycle.
14.2 Enlist the main components of motorcycle Engine.
14.3 Explain the working principle of motorcycle Engine.
14.4 Describe the construction and working of each component and systems of
Motorcycle engine.
14.5 Describe in detail the procedure and steps involved to disassemble and
assemble the motorcycle engine.

Recommended Textbooks:
1. Auto fundamentals by Martin W. Stockal
2. Modern Automotive Mechanics by James E. Duffy.
3. Automotive Technology A System Approach by Jack Erjavec
 AD-133 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
List of Practicals:
1. Identify the main components of vehicle and sketch them.
2. Identify the main components of engine and sketch them.
3. Identify the main components of Piston and sketch them.
4. Measure the size of piston, piston pin, crankshaft main journal by using
Vernier caliper and Micrometer.
5. Identify the parts of crankshaft & camshaft, and sketch them.
6. Disassemble & Assemble the cam shaft and crankshaft on engine block.
7. Measure the Swept Volume of given engine cylinder .
8. Disassemble and inspect the valves face and valve seat.
9. Perform the engine valve lapping and re-assemble it.
10. Check and adjust the engine valve clearance.
11. Practice to change the engine Oil.
12. Identify the location of different bearings in engine.
13. Identify the engine cylinder liners.
14. Identify the intake and exhaust system parts and their location.
15. Identify the main components of engine cooling system and sketch them.
16. Identify the main components of engine lubricating system and sketch them.
17. Identify the main components of engine ignition system and sketch them.
18. Identify the different types of IC engines.
19. Carry out the Complete overhauling of a 4-stroke Motorcycle engine.
20. Visit at Modern Automotive workshop to familiar with the working environment
of Auto workshop.
Engine definition:
An Engine is a machine which convert any form of energy into mechanical energy.

OR
A device which convert chemical energy into mechanical energy.
Bore:
The inside diameter of the engine cylinder is called bore.

Top Dead Centre (TDC):

The extreme position of the piston at the top of the cylinder of
the engine is called top dead centre (TDC),

Bottom Dead Centre (BDC):

The extreme position of the piston at the bottom of the
cylinder of the engine called bottom dead centre (BDC).

Stroke:
The distance travelled by the piston from TDC to BDC is called stroke.
Clearance Volume (Vc):
The volume contained in the cylinder above the top of the piston,
when the piston is at top dead centre is called the clearance volume.

Swept Volume (Vs):

The volume swept by the piston during one stroke is called the swept volume or piston displacement.
 Compression Ratio:

Compression ratio is a ratio of the volume when the piston is

at bottom dead centre to the volume when the piston is at top dead
centre.

Compression ratio
SweptVolume  ClearenceVolume

=
ClearenceVolume

The compression ratio varies from 5 : 1 to 10 : I for petrol engines and

from 12:1 to 22 : I for diesel engines.
4 stroke petrol engine working.
1. Suction Stroke
In this stroke the piston is at Top dead centre (TDC) and the inlet valve is open
and outlet valve is closed. When the piston moves from TDC to BDC so that
the air petrol mixture prepared by the carburetor comes through the inlet
valve and fills the cylinder.

2. Compression stroke
In this stroke both the valve are closed. During this stroke the the mixture of
air and fuel is compressed and the pressure and temperature are increased
due to compression. The piston moves from BDC to TDC. At the end of this
stroke the air fuel mixture is ignite with the help of spark plug.
3. Power stroke
In this stroke both the inlet valve and exhaust valve are remain closed. In this
stroke the mixture of air fuel is burn by spark plug. And there is a sudden
increase in pressure and temperature. The power produce in this stroke in the
form of mechanical energy is transfer to crankshaft through connecting rod.

4. Exhaust stroke
This is the last stroke of the cycle. In this stroke the exhaust valve is open and
inlet valve remains closed. The piston pushes the burnt gases out through
exhaust valve into the atmosphere. The piston moves BDC to TDC.
Again the inlet valve opens and the same operations is repeat. And the engine
cylinder is ready to suck the air fuel mixture again.
4 stroke diesel engine working
1. INTAKE STROKE
In this stroke piston moves down from TDC to BDC, intake valve open
and suck air into the cylinder

2.COMPRESSION STROKE
In this stroke piston moves from BDC to TDC. Both inlet & exhaust valves
closed. The piston compress the air, resultant high pressure and
temperature produce inside cylinder which causing air make red hot.

3.POWER STROKE
In the this stroke piston moves from TDC to BDC. The injector injects
highy pressure diesel fuel on red hot air, causing combustion takes place
and power generate. This power is troansfer to crankshaft through piston &
connecting rod.

4.EXHAUST STROKE
In this stroke the piston moves from BDC to TDC. The exhaust valve
open. The burned gasses exhaust from the cylinder.
Valve timing diagram of a four-stroke engine
The moments of opening and closing of valves in four-stroke engines do not coincide
with the positions of the pistons at TDC and BDC for better filling the cylinders with a
fresh charge and the most complete cleaning of them from exhaust gases. But they
occur with a certain advance or delay. In other words, the inlet valve can close once
the piston passes BDC, and the exhaust valve - once the piston passes TDC.
The moments of opening and closing of valves that are expressed in degrees,
corresponding to the angles of rotation of the crank of the crankshaft relative to the
dead points, are called valve timing. The valve timing can be plotted on a radius chart,
which is called the valve timing diagram.
2-STROKE ENGINE

A 2-stroke engine uses only two strokes of the piston to complete a

power cycle. In the two-stroke engine, one revolution of the
crankshaft is completed after the completion of two piston strokes. In
this engine, the intake, compression, power, and exhaust processes all
occur within two strokes of the piston.

Suction and Compression Stroke

In a 2-stroke engine, the suction and compression strokes take
place simultaneously. During this stroke, the piston moves upward
from the BDC to TDC. During this upward movement of the piston, a
vacuum starts producing inside the cylinder of the engine. Due to the
creation of this vacuum, the air-fuel mixture enters the cylinder via an
inlet port. After the suction process, the piston continues its upward
movement and compresses the air-fuel mixture. At the end of the
compression stroke, the compressed mixture is ignited due to the
spark provided by a spark plug. As the mixture ignites, the power
stroke starts.

Power and Exhaust Stroke

Like suction and compression strokes, the power and exhaust
process also complete in just one stroke of the piston. The high-
pressure gases produced during the combustion process exert a very
high force on the piston and force it to move downward (from TDC to
BCD). As the power is completed, the piston further moves downward
and opens the exhaust port. As the exhaust port open, the exhaust
gases goes out of the combustion chamber. As the piston reaches at
BDC, the piston completely expels the exhaust gases and fills the
combustion chamber with the fresh air-fuel mixture, and the whole
working cycle repeats. At BDC, one power stroke of the engine is
completed, and now the piston is ready for the next power cycle.
Rotary engine (Wankel engine)
In rotary engine there is a rotor which frees to rotate. The pressure force generated by
burning of fuel is exerted on this rotor so the rotor rotate and starts to rotate the wheels
of vehicle. This engine is developed by Wankel in 1957. This engine is not used in
automobile in present days.
External Combustion Engine (Steam Engine)

The type of engine in which power produce out side the cylinder
of an engine is called External combustion Engine.
Timing belts & chains
Timing belts and chains are used on overhead camshaft engines, because the camshaft
is further from the crankshaft.
This is a typical chain drive system. It uses a hydraulic tensioner which is fed by oil
under pressure from the lubrication system. The chain also uses guides to reduce
noise and vibration.
The toothed timing belt is made of fiberglass or wire- reinforced synthetic rubber. Its
teeth match those on the crankshaft and camshaft pulleys.
Timing belts are quieter than chains but usually require regular manual tensioning.
They also have a shorter life than chains. If a belt breaks, it is not only inconvenient
but on some engines it can cause a lot of damage.
Piston
A piston is fitted in each cylinder to receive gas pressure and transmit the force
or thrust to the crank shaft through connecting rod. The main function of piston
is to give tight seal to the cylinder through bore and slide freely inside the
cylinder. The piston itself, its rings, and the piston or gudgeon pin are together called
the piston assembly.

Piston rings
To provide a good sealing fit and less friction resistance between the piston and
cylinder, pistons are equipped with piston rings. These rings are fitted in grooves
which have been cut in the piston. Piston rings are made of cast iron.
Gudgeon pin or piston pin
Piston pin or gudgeon pin is fitted through the piston bosses and the small end
bushes to allow the connecting rods to swivel. It connects the piston to
connecting rod. It is made hollow for lightness.
Connecting rod
Connecting rod connects the piston to crankshaft and transmits the motion and
thrust of piston to crankshaft .There are two end of connecting rod; one is known
as big end and other as small end. Big end is connected to the crankshaft and the
small end is connected to the piston by use of piston pin. The connecting rods are
made of alloy steel..
Crankshaft
The crankshaft converts the reciprocating motion of piston into rotary motion. It is
usually made by alloy steel forging.
Engine Bearings
No engine can run without bearings. Bearings are used in engines to support and
protect rotating parts and allow them to turn freely. The connecting rod must be able
to spin freely on the crankshaft. The crankshaft must be able to spin freely in the
engine block. Connecting rod bearings and the crankshaft main bearings are called
plain bearings and usually come in two halves, called inserts, slippers or shells.
The bearing material is an alloy that can include metals such as tin, lead, aluminum
and copper. Bearings need a difficult mix of properties. They must be hard enough to
resist wear, but soft enough not to damage the shaft. The soft bearing surface also
allows any hard abrasive particles to become embedded in the surface. They can
become so deeply embedded; they are prevented from touching the rotating shaft by
the film of oil. Plain bearings are classified as friction bearings because during engine
rotation they are in contact with the crankshaft journals. In a main bearing, the upper
half of the bearing fits into a machined section of a crankcase web. The lower half is
carried in the bearing cap which bolts onto the crankcase web. In a connecting rod
bearing, its upper half is carried in the big end of the connecting rod. The lower half is
in the connecting rod cap. One main bearing has thrust faces which accept the end
movement of the crankshaft. These can be in the form of flanges that are part of the
bearing. Alternatively, a separate thrust washer can be fitted into a machined recess
in each side of the bearing cap. Sometimes a mating recess for each side is machined
into the cylinder block and mating halves fitted to both. Under normal running
conditions, spinning shafts ride on a microscopic wedge of oil. Oil flows through a long
gallery in the cylinder block. Each main bearing has its own oil supply passageway
from this gallery. Passageways drilled in the crankshaft carry oil from the main bearing
journals to rod journals. Oil flow maintains the oil wedge between the shaft and
bearing, and carries away particles that could cause wear. Engine manufacturers
specify the clearance required between the bearing material and the crankshaft. This
clearance gives the best combination of oil pressure and flow. As clearance increases
with wear, oil flow increases, causing oil pressure to drop. Then the shaft may rub
against the bearing surface and wear even faster.
. Flywheel
A flywheel is mounted on the rear of the crankshaft. The main function of
flywheel is to rotate the shaft during preparatory stroke. It also makes
crankshaft rotation more uniform.
 Power Chart 4-cylinder Engine

Cylinder 1. P E I C
Cylinder 2. E I C P
Cylinder 3. C P E I
Cylinder 4. I C P E

Firing Order of 4-cylinder Engine 1432 0R 1342

Degrees of Crankshaft Rotation

Single cylinder Power Stroke Every

Twin cylinder (Side by Side)

3 cylinder Inline

4 cylinder inline
Camshaft
Camshaft is used in IC engine to control the opening and closing of valves at proper
timing. For proper engine output inlet valve should open at the end of exhaust stroke
and closed at the end of intake stroke. So to regulate its timing, a cam is use which is
oval in shape and it exerts a pressure on the valve to open and release to close. It is
drive by the timing belt which drives by crankshaft. It is placed at the top or at the
bottom of cylinder. The position of the camshaft depends on the design of the engine.
It can be in the engine block close to the crankshaft - this is a called a pushrod or
overhead valve system. Or there can be one or two camshafts mounted in the cylinder
head. But in both designs it does much the same job - driving the valves and the
distributor, and sometimes the fuel pump, and the oil pump. The camshaft is made of
alloy steel, and it can be cast or machined. The cam lobes are ground to the proper
shape and position in relation to one another. The camshaft has a cam for each valve.
In some cases, there is an additional cam known as an eccentric, to operate the fuel
pump. A gear on the camshaft drives the ignition distributor, and, often, an oil pump.
Valves
To control the flow of intake charge and exhaust gasses of internal
combustion engine, valves are used. Two valves are used for each cylinder
one for inlet of air-fuel mixture inside the cylinder and other for exhaust of
combustion gases. The valves are fitted in the cylinder head. Both valves
usually open inwards.
Pushrod
Pushrod is used when the camshaft is situated at the bottom end of cylinder. It carries
the camshaft motion to the valves which are situated at the cylinder head
Cylinder block

The cylinder block is the largest part of the engine. Its upper section carries the
cylinders and pistons. Normally, the lower section forms the crankcase, and supports
the crankshaft. It can be cast in one piece from Alloy iron or Alloy Aluminum.
Molten iron is poured into sand moulds that are formed by patterns in the shape of the
block.After casting, core sand is removed through holes in the sides and ends, leaving
spaces for the cooling and lubricant passages. These holes are sealed with core or
welsh plugs. The casting is then machined. Cylinders are bored and finished, surfaces
smoothed, holes drilled and threads cut. All cylinder blocks are made with ribs, webs
and fillets to provide rigidity but also keep weight to a minimum.
As more manufacturers try to make vehicles lighter and more fuel efficient, more
and more engine blocks are being cast from aluminum. Cast iron liners are usually
used in the cylinders of aluminum blocks, and sometimes in cast-iron blocks. Some
sleeves are cast into the block.. Some cylinder blocks don’t need liners. They can
be made of wear resistant material that makes a hard-wearing surface for the
pistons and piston rings. Or the cylinder bore may have some sort of surface
treatment to make it hard-wearing.
In air-cooled engines, the cylinders are usually made as separate parts, and then
bolted to the same crankcase. Each cylinder has cooling fins. They’re often
machined to give uniform thickness and allow free flow of air.
Cylinder heads
The cylinder head bolts onto the top of the cylinder block where it forms the top of the
combustion chamber. cylinder heads is made of cast iron, or aluminum alloy.
In gasoline engines, the three most popular combustion chamber designs are called
hemispherical pent roof, bath-tub and wedge.
The size of passages in the head can affect engine output. Smaller intake and exhaust passages
and ports allow more torque at low engine and give more efficient combustion.
At high speeds however, these smaller passages restrict airflow. To reduce the effect of this an
engine equipped with two inlet valves. One opens at low speed and the other operates at higher
engine speeds. Larger passages produce greater power at high engine speeds.
Each intake and exhaust passage can be formed separately in the head. Intake passages for
adjacent passages may have a common, thin wall between them. This is called siamesed.
Exhaust ports in the same head can also be siamesed.
When all intake and exhaust ports are on one side, it is called a counter-flow head. They can be
cast separately or siamesed.
When all of the intake ports are on one side and exhaust ports are on the other, it is called a
cross-flow head. This allows for straighter passageways and higher efficiency.
Gaskets and oil seals
Gaskets form a seal by being compressed between stationary parts where liquid or gas
could pass. Most gaskets are made to be used only once. They can be made of soft
materials such as cork, rubber, paper, heat resistant materials . They can also be made
of soft alloys and metals such as brass, copper, aluminum or soft steel sheet metal.
Such materials may be used individually or in some cases as blends to produce the
required functional material. Head gaskets also seal oil passages, and control the flow
of coolant between the cylinder block and head and are fitted with beads or rings to
prevent leakage and corrosion. Gaskets around a rotating part would quickly wear
out and leak. To seal these parts, oil seals are needed. The most widely used is the lip
type dynamic oil seal. It has a shaped dynamic rubber lip that’s held in contact with
the shaft to be sealed by a circular coil spring called a garter spring. A similar sealing
principle is used to seal the valve stem to prevent oil entering the engine combustion
chamber. Rotating or sliding shafts can also be sealed by using “O” rings, but generally
they are not as durable in most applications as the lip-type seal. Various materials are
used in modern oil seals, some being impregnated with special coating materials that
are designed to increase their sealing ability on worn shafts. As a general rule, oil seals
must be replaced when a component is overhauled.
Head gaskets
The Head gaskets seals and contain the pressures of combustion within the engine, between
the cylinder head and the block.
Ball Bearings

Ball bearings are one of the most common types of bearing classes used. It
consists of a row of balls as rolling elements. They are trapped between
two annular shaped metal pieces. These metal pieces are known as races.
The inner race is free to rotate while the outer race is stationary. Ball
bearings provide very low friction during rolling but have limited load-
carrying capacity. This is because of the small area of contact between the
balls and the races. They can support axial loads in two directions besides
radial loads. Ball bearings are used for controlling oscillatory and
rotational motion. For example, in electrical motors where the shaft is free
to rotate but the motor housing is not, ball bearings are used to connect
the shaft to the motor housing. Depending on the application, different
types of ball bearings are available to choose from.

 First choice for high speeds or high precision applications

 Large range of standardized forms
 Handle radial and axial loads with specific configurations
Engine Lubricating system
Lubrication systems control the volume and pressure of the lubricant to be
applied to the surfaces of the moving machine parts in contact. They
promote the smooth and healthy operation of the machinery. Through
lubrication systems, the lubricant is applied and distributed efficiently and
regularly.

Basic Functions of a Engine Lubricating system

 Reduces the wear and tear of the moving parts.

Minimizes power loss by reducing the friction between
the moving parts.
 Lubrication Cooling (Heat transfer media). Provides cooling
effect to the hot engine parts.
 Sealing –(Provide a film between moving parts) &( Filling in uneven
surfaces). Helps piston rings to seal against high-pressure
gases in the cylinder.
 Dampening & Cushioning ( Of components under high stress).
Provides cushioning effect against vibrations caused by
the engine.
 Protection – (From oxi) Cleaning –(Holding contaminants in
suspension). Carries out the internal cleaning of the
engine.
Lubricating System Working Principle.
The engine lubrication system is to distribute oil to the moving
parts to reduce friction between surfaces. Lubrication plays a
key role in the life expectancy of an automotive engine . If the
lubricating system fail, an engine would succumb to
overheating and seizing very quickly. An oil pump is located on
the bottom of the engine. The oil is pulled through a strainer,
by the oil pump, removing larger contaminants from the mass
of the fluid.The engine lubricating pump forced oil through an
oil filter under pressure to the main bearings and the oil
pressure gauge. A filter remove particles and clean oil. From
the main bearings, the oil passes into drilled passages in the
crankshaft and the big-end bearings of the connecting rod. The
oil fling dispersed by the rotating crankshaft lubricates the
cylinder walls and piston-pin bearings. The excess oil is
scraped off by the scraper rings on the piston. The engine oil
also lubricates camshaft bearings and the timing chain or
gears on the camshaft drive. The excess oil in the system then
drains back to the sump.
Engine splash lubricating System
An engine that uses splash lubrication requires neither oil pump nor
oil filter. Splash lubrication is an antique system whereby scoops on
the big-ends of the connecting rods dip into the oil sump and splash
the lubricant upwards towards the cylinders, creating an oil
mist which settles into droplets. The oil droplets then pass through
drillings to the bearings and thereby lubricate the moving
parts. Provided that the bearing is a ball bearing or a roller bearing,
splash lubrication would usually be sufficient; however, plain
bearings typically need a pressure feed to maintain the oil film, loss of
which leads to overheating and seizure.
The splash lubrication system has simplicity, reliability, and
cheapness within its virtues. However, splash lubrication can work
only on very low-revving engines, as otherwise the sump oil would
become a frothy mousse.
Engine Cooling System
The main function of engine cooling system is to keep the engine
temperature normal and prevent engine overheating. The engine
cooling system cools the engine by circulating coolant (a mixture of
water and antifreeze) through the engine Water jackets. Some vehicles
use an air circulation system to cool the engine. In this method, air
flows through the ribbed cylinder housing. Overheating of the engine
can damage the engine or cause it to stop completely. This heat is
generated by the combustion of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion
chamber. When the combustion process is complete, the engine
temperature will be very high. The cooling system extracts this engine
through a heat transfer process.

The cooling system works effectively by removing excess heat from

the internal combustion engine and helping to keep the engine at
normal operating temperature.
Engine Air Cooling System
Air-cooled engines remove engine heat by using the air that hits the
engine when the bike is moving. This is why they have fins on the
outside to create more surface area for the air to pass over. This
cooling method is very simple, lightweight and requires no special
devices.
Air cooled system is generally used in small engines and in aero plane
engines.
Contact Breaker battery type Ignition System
The purpose of the ignition system is to generate a very
high volt age from the car's 12 volt battery , and to send
this to each sparkplug in turn, igniting the fuel-air mixture
in the engine 's combustion chambers .
The coil is the component that produces this high voltage.
It is an electromagnetic device that converts the low-
tension (LT) current from the battery to high-tension (HT)
current each time the distributor contact-breaker points
open.
The distributor unit consists of a shaft, which is usually
driven directly by the camshaft.
The distributor cap is made of nonconductive plastic, and
the current is fed to its central electrode by the HT lead
from the centre of the coil.
Inside the cap there are more electrodes often called
segments to which the sparkplug leads are connected, one
per cylinder .

The rotor arm is fitted on top of the central shaft, and

connects to the central electrode by means of a metal
spring or spring-loaded brush in the top of the distributor
cap.

The current enters the cap through the central electrode,

passes to the centre of the rotor arm through the brush,
and is distributed to each plug as the rotor arm revolves.

As the rotor arm approaches a segment, the contact-

breaker points open and HT current passes through the
rotor arm to the appropriate sparkplug lead.
Electronic ignition system.
An electronic ignition system is a type of ignition system that works in
electronic circuits, usually by transistors. The transistors are
controlled by sensors to generate electric pulses which then generate
a high-voltage spark that can burn the lean mixture and provide a
better economy and lower emission. The electronic ignition system is
fully controlled electronically.

Working principle
The electronic ignition system is less complex and can be easy to
understand. Its working begins as the engine starts running which is
when the ignition switch is on. The battery supplies power as the
negative terminal is grounded and the positive is connected to the
ignition switch. The power is sent to the ignition coil which is of two
winding if you can recall; primary and secondary winding.

These windings are insulated but the primary is thicker than the
secondary winding. There is an iron rod between them that helps to
generate a magnetic field. The armature produces power as it rotates,
it’s connected to the electronic module, and magnetic pick-up occurs.
When the magnetic pick-up and armature touch, the voltage signal is
created. It generates further until a strong voltage signal is
generated.

The voltage is sent to the distributor that contains a rotor, which

rotates and there are distributor points that are set according to the
ignition timing. The rotor comes in front of any of the distributor
points, causing a jumping of voltage through the air gap from the
rotor to the distributor point. It’s then sent to the adjacent spark plug
terminal through the high-tension cable. A voltage difference is then
generated between the central electrode and ground electrode which
is the reason for generating a spark at the tip of the spark plug and
the combustion occurs.
Magneto Ignition System.
The magneto is a self-contained generator of high voltage that
provides ignition to an engine through spark plugs. The moment the
contact points open, a rapid magnetic flow generates a high voltage in
the secondary coil, which ignites the spark plug, thus firing the engine

Magneto is used in the magneto ignition systems. When the engine

starts, it helps the magnet rotate, thus generating energy in the form
of high voltage. Then one end of the magnet is grounded via a contact
switch and the ignition capacitor is connected to its parallel.

The contact breaker is controlled by the cam. When the switch is open,
current flows through the capacitor and charges it.

Now the capacitor acts as a charger, the primary current flow is

reduced, which reduces the overall magnetic field generated in the
system.

This increases the voltage in the capacitor. This increased high voltage
in the capacitor acts as an EMF and thus creates the spark on the right
spark plug through the distributor.

And in the starting phase, the speed of the engine is low and therefore
the voltage generated by the magneto is low.
However, as the engine speed increases, so does the voltage
generated by the magneto, which also increases the flow of current.
Fire and Order
Choosing the firing order is an essential part of engine design.
Manufacturers carefully decide firing orders to tame vibrations and
improve heat dissipation. The firing order also impacts ride quality
(smoothness of ride), engine balance and engine sound. All these
factors, except perhaps engine sound, decidedly play a role in
extending an engine’s fatigue life. However, many piston heads
consider engine sound an essential part of engine design,
understandably so!

Most 4-cylinder engines have a firing order of 1-3-4-2 although other

firing orders such as 1-3-2-4, 1-4-3-2, 1-2-4-3 are possible.
Engine Exhaust System.
The exhaust system collects the exhaust gases from the cylinders, removes harmful
substances, reduces the level of noise and discharges the purified exhaust gases at a
suitable point of the vehicle away from its occupants.

In addition to all the complex functions which the exhaust system has to perform, it is
also subject to extreme stresses. The fuel-air mixture in the cylinders is abruptly heated
to temperatures up to 2,400 °C. This causes it to expand greatly before escaping into the
exhaust system at supersonic speed. This noise level resembles the crack of an explosion
and must be reduced by approx. 50 dB(A) as it travels from the engine exhaust valve to
the end of the exhaust system.

Apart from temperature and pressure stresses, the exhaust system must also cope with
vibrations from the engine and bodywork as well as vibrations and jolting from the
carriageway. The exhaust system additionally has to resist corrosion attacking from the
inside caused by hot gases and acid, and from the outside in the form of moisture,
splashed water and salt water. There is also the risk that the catalyst may be poisoned
through sulfur or lead present in the fuel.
Technical Education and Vocational
Training Authority Punjab.

PRACTICAL NOTE BOOK

AD-133 IC engine
for
Diploma of Associate Engineer
Auto & Diesel Technology
1st year class

Name:___________________

Class :___________________

Roll No:___________________
 AD-133 Internal Combustion Engine

List of Practicals:

AD-133 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

List of Practicals:
1. Identify the main components of vehicle and sketch them.
2. Identify the main components of engine and sketch them.
3. Identify the main components of Piston and sketch them.
4. Measure the size of piston, piston pin, crankshaft main journal by using
Vernier caliper and Micrometer.
5. Identify the parts of crankshaft & camshaft, and sketch them.
6. Disassemble & Assemble the cam shaft and crankshaft on engine block.
7. Measure the Swept Volume of given engine cylinder .
8. Disassemble and inspect the valves face and valve seat.
9. Perform the engine valve lapping and re-assemble it.
10. Check and adjust the engine valve clearance.
11. Practice to change the engine Oil.
12. Identify the location of different bearings in engine.
13. Identify the engine cylinder liners.
14. Identify the intake and exhaust system parts and their location.
15. Identify the main components of engine cooling system and sketch them.
16. Identify the main components of engine lubricating system and sketch them.
17. Identify the main components of engine ignition system and sketch them.
18. Identify the different types of IC engines.
19. Carry out the Complete overhauling of a 4-stroke Motorcycle engine.
20. Visit at Modern Automotive workshop to familiar with the working environment
of Auto workshop.
 Practical Sheet No-1

Subject : AD -133 IC Engine

Student Name: _______________________
Title of Practical
perform/Task: Signature:____________________________

Class:____________Roll No:_____________
Identify the main components of vehicle and
sketch them. Date practical carried out:_______________

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.

Main components of vehicle:

1. Vehicle Body.
2. Frame.
3. Engine.
4. Electrical systems.
5. Transmission system.
6. Suspension system.
7. Steering system.
8. Brake system.
9. Tyres.
10. Sensor’s & actuators.
11. ECU/ECM
 Practical Sheet No-2

Subject : AD -133 IC Engine

Student Name: _______________________
Title of Practical
perform/Task: Signature:____________________________

Class:____________Roll No:_____________
Identify the main components
of engine and sketch them.
Date practical carried out:_______________

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.
Main components of Engine

1. Cylinder Block.
2. Cylinder Head.
3. Piston.
4. Connecting Rod.
5. Crank Shaft.
6. Cam shaft.
7. Valve train mechanism.
8. Timing belt/chain.
9. Intake Manifold
10. Exhaust manifold.
11. Gas kit.
12. Cooling system components.
13. Fuel system components.
14. Lubrication system
components.
15. Ignition system
components.
 Practical Sheet No-3

Subject : AD -133 IC Engine

Student Name: _______________________
Title of Practical
perform/Task: Class:____________Roll No:_____________

Date practical carried out:_______________

Identify the main components of
Piston and sketch them.

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.

Main components of Piston:

1. Piston top.
2. Ring grooves
3. Ring Lands
4. Compression Rings.
5. Oil Rings.
6. Writ Pin/Gaugen Pin.
7. Pin boss.
8. Skirt.
 Practical Sheet No-4

Subject : AD -133 IC Engine

Student Name: _______________________
Title of Practical perform/Task:
Class:____________Roll No:_____________
Measure the size of piston, piston pin, crankshaft
Date practical carried out:_______________
main journal by using Micrometer/Vernier
caliper and Micrometer.

List of Tools/Equipments/ Follow ups:

Material required. 1. Follow up the service manual of the
 Micrometer vehicle.
 Vernier Caliper
 Piston,Piston pin, Crankshaft.

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.
Steps for measuring piston size
With a micrometer we can determine the
diameter of a piston.
This involves finding the piston diameter at the
widest section, or the part below the piston
skirt and piston rings. Pistons are not made in
a uniform round shape, but larger as you move
away from the crown. The design prevents
seizing due to the expansion caused by heat
in the combustion chamber. Here is how to
carry out the measurement.
Step 1:Position the micrometer across the
piston at the gauge point or thrust surfaces.
Piston manufacturers usually indicate this
point. If in doubt, it is advisable to refer to the
manual. Step 2:Take the reading. Measure
the piston from other points, too, so that you
do not miss collapsed piston parts. These
include piston skirt diameter, both top and
bottom, and at the ring lands.
 Practical Sheet No-5

Subject : AD -133 IC Engine

Student Name: _______________________
Title of Practical
perform/Task: Class:____________Roll No:_____________

Date practical carried out:_______________

Identify the parts of crankshaft &
camshaft, and sketch them.

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.

Main components of Crank Shaft:

1. Main Journals
2. Journals / Crank Pin.
3. Crank lube holes.
4. Nose / Snout
5. Crank Coupling.
6. Crank Webs.
7. Counter Weights.

Main components of Cam Shaft:

1. Main Journals
2. Intake Cam Lubes
3. Exhaust Cam Lubes
 Practical Sheet No-6

Subject : AD -133 IC Engine

Student Name: _______________________
Title of Practical perform/Task:
Signature:____________________________
Disassemble & Assemble the cam shaft and
Class:____________Roll No:_____________
crankshaft on engine block.
Date practical carried out:_______________
List of Tools/Equipments/ Follow ups:
Material required. 1. Follow up the service manual of the
 Hand tool kit vehicle.
 Engine
 Dial Gauge.

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.
Disassembly of the camshaft

Mark the rocker arm brackets so that they cannot be switched.

Make sure you follow the exact procedure for releasing and then tightening the rocker arm bolts. (Check all components that are

directly related to the camshaft.

If you find out that the engine oil contains an increased concentration of metallic particles, it is necessary to carry out thorough

cleaning of the oil supply an replace not only the oil and the oil filter but also the oil cooler. Check the oil pressure according to the

engine manufacturer’s instructions.

Assembly of the camshaft

Before assembling the camshaft a flatness (warping) control of the cylinder head must be done.

Check the axial and radial camshaft clearance, which must match the values specified by the engine manufacturer.

When assembling the bearings, clean the contact areas in the cylinder head and bearing caps.

When installing, lubricate the bearing shells surfaces and cams with the oil.

Tighten the cam hub bolt to the specified torque

When assembling the cam, set the pistons almost evenly below the top dead centre (TDC). No valve must be pressed.

Ensure that the locks of shells of friction bearings are correctly placed into the bearing cap and head cylinder.
 Practical Sheet No-7

Subject : AD -133 IC Engine Student Name: _______________________

Signature:____________________________
Title of Practical perform/Task: Class:____________Roll No:_____________
Date practical carried out:_______________
Measure the Swept Volume of given engine
cylinder.

List of Tools/Equipments/ follow ups:

Material required. 1. Follow up the service manual of the
 Vernier Caliper vehicle.
 Engine Block
 Engine cylinder head.

Method/Procedure/steps
Sketch of Identification of parts
Practical skills develop.
 Practical Sheet No-8

Subject : AD -133 IC Engine

Student Name: _______________________
Title of Practical
perform/Task: Signature:____________________________

Class:____________Roll No:_____________
Disassemble and inspect the valves face and
valve seat. Date practical carried out:_______________

List of Tools/Equipments/ Follow ups:

Material required. 1. Follow up the service manual of the vehicle.
 Hand tool kit
 Engine
 Hand Lapping tool
 Prussian Blue.

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.
Engine valve face & seat inspection
After removing the valve from the cylinder head, the valves and seats should be visually inspected for
cracks, burn marks, signs of leakage, and damage to the valve face, stem, and tip.
Tap the valve against the valve seat several times using a hand-lapping tool, without rotating the valve, to
make a clear pattern. Remove the valve and inspect the valve seat face. The valve seat contact should
be within the speci- fied width and even all around the circum Since it is impossible to see how well a
valve and seat fit together after years of wear, Prussian Blue is applied evenly and thin around the valve
face and pressed it into the matched seat to check the consistency of the face contact the two parts
make.
 Practical Sheet No-9

Subject : AD -133 IC Engine

Student Name: _______________________
Title of Practical perform/Task: Signature:____________________________
Class:____________Roll No:_____________
Perform the engine valve lapping and re-
Date practical carried out:_______________
assemble it.

List of Tools/Equipments/ Follow ups:

Material required. 1. Follow up the service manual of the
 Hand tool Kit vehicle.
 Hand lapping tool
 Valve lapping paste.

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.
Valve lapping is an essential part of an engine rebuild, and must be performed even
when installing new valves – to match them to the head.
engine by removing the valves from the head, and take the chance to remove any
carbon deposits with a brass wire brush.
Whether the valve seats require a re-grind depends on the condition of the head, but
in this case – new valves will be installed and lapped to create a perfect seal.
There are two valve lapping tools in the ToolPRO valve lapper set, with four suction
cups to suit a variety of valve sizes.
Ensure the valve and seat are as clean as possible before applying a small amount
of grinding paste to the face of the valve.
Insert this valve into the port which it belongs and press the appropriate suction cup
onto the head of the valve – a little water or a dab of grease may help it stick if
you’re having trouble.
Now simply rotate the lapper by rubbing it between your hands, and listen for the
change in tone from a gritty grinding sound, to a smooth sound.
When the tone changes, lift the valve and distribute the paste around the face of the
valve again.
Continue doing this until the valve face and seat are evenly bright and shiny with no
evidence of dull patches.
Make sure you take steps to identify which valve is lapped to which port - then clean
each valve and the head thoroughly, install the valve assemblies – and you’re one
step closer to a rebuilt engine.
 Practical Sheet No-10
Student Name: _______________________
Subject : AD -133 IC Engine
Signature:____________________________
Title of Practical
Class:____________Roll No:_____________
perform/Task:
Date practical carried out:_______________
Check and adjust the engine valve clearance.

List of Tools/Equipments/ Follow ups:

Material required. 1. Follow up the service manual of the
vehicle.
Spanners, T-bars and socket set
Allen keys
Tie-wire
Magnet
Vernier calipers
Feeler gauges
Owners manual

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.
ADJUSTMENT OF VALVE CLEARENCE:

The term valve clearance describes

the gap between the cam (or rockers
on a Honda) and the valve bucket.
Using a narrow pair of feeler gauges,
determine the clearance using trial
and error by seeing which gauges can
slip under the cam freely. Record the
valve clearance for all valves on a
piece of paper. To adjust the valve
clearances, use a spanner or a socket
wrench on the crankshaft-pulley
bolt. Turn the engine in its normal
direction of rotation until No. 1 piston is
at the top dead centre ( TDC ) of the
compression stroke . in general, the
process involves removing the
valve cover, rotating the engine to
the proper position, measuring the
clearance between the valve stem
and the tappet, loosening the lock
nut, adjusting the tappet screw to
achieve the desired clearance,
tightening the lock nut, and
rechecking the clearance. It's
important to consult the engine's
manufacturer specifications.
 Practical Sheet No-11
Student Name: _______________________
Subject : AD -133 IC Engine
Signature:____________________________
Title of Practical
perform/Task: Class:____________Roll No:_____________

Date practical carried out:_______________

Practice to change the engine Oil.

List of Tools/Equipments/ Follow ups:

Material required. 1. Follow up the service manual of the vehicle.
 Hand tool kit
 Vehicle
 Engine oil
 Oil keeve.
 Cotton rags.

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.
Steps of engine Oil Change :
1. Raise the vehicle. ...
2. Position catch pan and
remove plug. ...
3. Inspect vehicle while
all oil drains. ...
4. Reinstall drain plug
and torque. ...
5. Remove old oil filter. ...
6. Clean mount and
remove old O-ring. ...
7. Lube new filter and
attach by hand. ...
8. Remove oil fill cap and
add new oil.
 Practical Sheet No-12
Student Name: _______________________
Subject : AD -133 IC Engine
Signature:____________________________
Title of Practical
perform/Task: Class:____________Roll No:_____________

Date practical carried out:_______________

Identify the location of different bearings in
engine.

List of Tools/Equipments/ Follow ups:

Material required. 1. Follow up the service manual of the vehicle.
 H
 B
 S

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.

Location of different bearings in engine:

1. Crank shaft main journal
bearing.
2. Can shaft main journal
bearing.
3. Oil pump bearing.
4. Water pump bearing.
 Practical Sheet No-13

Subject : AD -133 IC Engine

Student Name: _______________________
Title of Practical
perform/Task: Signature:____________________________

Class:____________Roll No:_____________
Identify the engine cylinder liners.
Date practical carried out:_______________

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.

Engine cylinder liners.:

1. Dry type Cylinder Liner.
2. Wet type Cylinder Liner.
 Practical Sheet No-14

Subject : AD -133 IC Engine

Student Name: _______________________
Title of Practical
perform/Task: Signature:____________________________

Class:____________Roll No:_____________
Identify the intake and exhaust system parts
and their location. Date practical carried

out:_______________out:_______________

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.

Main components of intake system parts:

1. Fuel tank.
2. Fuel filter.
3. Fuel lines.
4. Throttle body.
5. Fuel common rail.
6. Fuel injector
7. Air cleaner.
8. Intake many fold.
Main components of exhaust system
parts:
1. Exhaust many fold.
2. Oxygen sensor.
3. Catalytic converter.
4. Silencer.
5. Tail pipe.
 Practical Sheet No-15
Student Name: _______________________
Subject : AD -133 IC Engine
Signature:____________________________
Title of Practical
perform/Task: Class:____________Roll No:_____________

Date practical carried out:_______________

Identify the main components of engine
cooling system and sketch them.

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.

Main components of engine cooling

system:

1. Radiator.
2. Radiator pressure cap.
3. Radiator core.
4. Radiator tubes.
5. Water expansion tank.
6. Drain plug.
7. Hose pipe.
8. Water pump.
9. Water pump pully.
10. Water jackets.
11. Thermostat Valve.
12. Fan.
13. Fan belt.
14. Water temperature
gauge.
 Practical Sheet No-16
Student Name: _______________________
Subject : AD -133 IC Engine
Signature:____________________________
Title of Practical
perform/Task: Class:____________Roll No:_____________

Date practical carried out:_______________

Identify the main components of engine
lubricating system and sketch them.

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.

Main components of engine Lubricating

system.:
1. Oil Sump.
2. Oil Strainer.
3. Oil pump.
4. Oil Filter.
5. Oil gallery.
6. Oil pressure switch.
7. Oil passesges.
8. Oil return line.
9. Oil pressure indicator.
10. Oil pressure gauge.
 Practical Sheet No-17
Student Name: _______________________
Subject : AD -133 IC Engine
Signature:____________________________
Title of Practical
perform/Task: Class:____________Roll No:_____________

Date practical carried out:_______________

Identify the main components of engine
ignition system and sketch them.

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.

Main components of engine

Ignition System:
1. Battery.
2. Electronic type
distributor.
3. Ignition Coil.
4. Highly tension Leads.
5. Spark plug.
 Practical Sheet No-18
Student Name: _______________________
Subject : AD -133 IC Engine
Signature:____________________________
Title of Practical
perform/Task: Class:____________Roll No:_____________

Date practical carried out:_______________

Identify the different types of IC engines.

Sketch of Identification of types of engines.

4-Stroke Reciprocating Engine

Rotary Type Wankal Engine

2-Stroke Reciprocating Engine

Rotary Type Gas Turbine Engine
 Practical Sheet No-19
Student Name: _______________________
Subject : AD -133 IC Engine
Signature:____________________________
Title of Practical
perform/Task: Class:____________Roll No:_____________

Date practical carried out:_______________

Carry out the Complete overhauling of a 4-
stroke Motorcycle engine.

List of Tools/Equipments/ Follow ups:

Material required. 1. Follow up the service manual of the vehicle.
 Hand tool kit
 Motorcycle engine.
 SST’s
 Cotton rags.

Method/Procedure/steps Sketch of Identification of parts

Practical skills develop.
1. Follow up the service manual
of the Motorcycle.