Proc. malac. Soc. Land. (1969) 38, 371.
OBITUARY
ERNST MARCUS
1893-1968
Professor Ernst Marcus, Director of the Zoological Institute of the University of
Sao Paulo, Brazil, died on 12 June 1968. He was born in Berlin, the son of Georg
Marcus (andsgerichtsrat), and was educated at the Kaiser Friedrich Gymnasium and
Friedrich Wilhelm University. He was working for his doctorate when his studies
were interrupted by the First World War. He served in a cavalry regiment and in
1918 was awarded the Iron Gross, II and I class. Returning to Berlin he qualified
in 1919 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with distinction, in General Zoology,
Systematic Zoology, Palaeontology and Philosophy. In 1923 he was appointed
Assistant in the Zoological Institute of his University under Professor Karl Heider,
and in 1929 became Professor. In 1924 he married Eveline Du Bois Reymond, and
during their long and happy marriage Eveline Marcus contributed in her own right
to the investigation of material that came to them from all over the world. She
prepared most of the clear illustrations and assisted with the text of their papers,
many of which were published jointly.
In 1936 they left Germany on the appointment of Marcus to the chair of Zoology
at the University of Sao Paulo, vacant by the death of Professor Ernst Bresslau. Here
he remained for the rest of his life, retiring in 1963, and being made Professor Emeritus
in 1966.
Marcus contributed more than 200 papers on zoological subjects. These range
over a wide field, but he specialized on Bryozoa (forty papers), Turbellaria (thirty
papers) and Mollusca (more than sixty papers). As a young man he wrote on the
development of the lower vertebrates, chiefly on the embryonic stages of the mouth
and foregut in the Anura and Selachians. In 1933 he published an important book
on Animal Geography, richly illustrated by original paintings by Eveline Marcus. He
was always interested in small or aberrant groups, and published papers on Tardigrada,
Onychophora, Pantopoda, Annelida, Turbellaria and Nemertinea. In the latter part
of his life he turned towards the Mollusca, especially the opisthobranch gastropods,
and became a world authority on them, as he had been on the Bryozoa. Although
much of his work was systematic, he was interested in many other branches of
Zoology, particularly embryology, ecology and physiology. His technique for study-
ing the anatomy of minute nudibranchs consisted in 'sectioning and reconstructing
them. Dr Malcolm Edmunds writes: 'I think I am right in saying that Marcus
was the first to designate as a holotype of a mollusc a series of serial sections. He
did this with Siraius ilo in 1955, and many times since. Though not accepted readily
by museum people, this is of more value for minute nudibranchs than a colourless
blob, which is all that is left of many species in pickle... He and Baba were also
372 P R O C E E D I N G S OF T H E M A L A G O L O G I C A L S O C I E T Y
the first to use sections to reconstruct the genitalia, a procedure which I have copied
and tried to improve.'
Marcus was a member of learned societies in Germany, Denmark, Great Britain,
the United States and Brazil. His membership of the Malacological Society dated
from 1959. He had been a member of the Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde
zu Berlin for almost 50 years and was elected an Honorary Member in 1963.
Though I had not the pleasure of meeting Professor and Mrs Marcus, I had for
long been in correspondence with them, and enjoyed their witty and lively letters.
For the account of Marcus's life I am indebted to his friend, Dr Konrad Herter, who
contributed the Obituary Notice in the Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Natur-
forschender Freunde zu Berlin. Dr Herter said of him : 'He was a cultured, intelligent
and intellectual man, with many-sided interests and talents. As a practised speaker
and fine scholar, he excelled in lecturing, organizing courses and excursions, as well
as in personal contact with students.... He was beloved by both colleagues and
students, and will be gratefully remembered by research workers in many countries
of the world'.
. . . N. B. EALES
ERNST MARCUS — LIST OF PUBLISHED WORK ON MOLLUSCA
Items marked with an asterisk were published jointly with Senhora Marcus
1. *The Opisthobrarich Pseudovermis. Bolm Fac. Filos. Gene. Univ. S Paulo (Zool.), No. 18, 109-127,
pis. 1-5. 1953.
2. Three Brazilian Sand Opisthobranchia. Bolm Fac. Filos. Cienc. Univ. S Paulo (Zool.), No. 18,
165-203, pis. 1-9. 1953.
3. *The nudibranch Rhodope from South America. Comun. zool. Mus. Hist. nat. Montev. 4, No. 68, 1-8,
taf. 1. 1954.
4. *Uber Philinoglossacea und Acochlidiacea. Kieler Meeresforsch. 10, 215-223, pis. 26. 1954.
5. *Uber Sand-Opisthobranchia. Kieler Meeresforsch. 11, 230-243, pis. 36-38. 1955.
6. Opisthobranchia from Brazil. Bolm Fac. Filos. Cienc. Univ. S Paulo (Zool.), No. 20, 89-200, pis.
1-30. 1955.
7. *Zwei atlantische Onchidellen. Kieler Meeresforsch. 12, 76-84, pis. 23-25. 1956.
8. *On two Sacoglossan Slugs from Brazil. Am. Mus. Novit. No. 179G, 1-21, 23 figs. 1956.
9. *On Onchidtlla indolens (Gould, 1852). Bolm Inst. Oceanogr., S Paulo, 5, 87-94, 7 figs. 1956.
10. *On the tectibranch gastropod Cylindrobulla. An. Ac. Bras. Ci. 28, 119-128, 2 pis. 1956.
11. *Notes on Opisthobranchia. Bolm Inst. Oceanogr., S. Paulo, 7 (1956), 31-79, pis. 1-8. 1956.
12. Sea-hares and side-gilled slugs from Brazil. Bolm Inst. Oceanogr., S Paulo, 6, 3-49, pis. 1-8. 1957.
13. *On Opisthobranchs from Brazil. 2. J . Linn. Soc. (Zool.), 43, No. 292, 390-486, 246 figs. 1957.
14. *On Phyllaplysia engeli. BasUria,l\, No. 4-5, 53-66, 16figs.1957.
15. On Western Atlantic Opisthobranchiate Gastropods. Am. Mus. Novit. No. 1906, 1-82, 111 figs.
1958.
16. • Opisthobranchia aus dem Schill von Helgoland. Kieler Meeresforsch. 14, 91-96, pis. 18. 1958.
17. Onchidium verruculatum Cuvier 1830. Kieler Meeresforsch. 15, 108. 1959.
18. Eine neue Gattung der Philinoglossacea. Kieler Meeresforsch. 15, 117-119, pis. 24. 1959.
19. *Notes on Apljsia. Bolm Inst. Oceanogr., S Paulo, 8 (1957), 3-21, taf. 1-4. 1959.
20. Lamellariacea und Opisthobranchia. Ada Univ. lund. [Link].2,55, No. 9, 1-135, 196figs.1959.
21. *Studics on Olividae. Bolm Fac. Filos. Cienc. Univ. S Paulo (Zool.), No. 22, 99-188, pis. 1-11. 1959.
22. *On the reproduction of Olhella. Bolm Fac. Filos. Cienc. Univ. S Paulo (Zool.), No. 22, 189-200,
pis. 1. 1959.
23. • Opisthobranchia aus dem Roten Meer und von den Maldiven. Ak. Wiss. Lit. Mainz, Jg. 1959,
No. 12, 871-934, 86 figs. 1960.
OBITUARY 373
24. *Opisthobranchs from American Atlantic warm waters. Bull. mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 10, 129-203,
97 figs. 1960.
25. *Somc opisthobranchs from the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Publs Inst. mar. Sci. Univ. Tex. 6
(1959), 251-264, 3 pis. 1960.
26. *On Hastula cinerea. Bolm Fac. Filos. dene. Univ. S Paulo {Zool.), No. 23, 25-66, 5 pis. 1960.
27. Opisthobranch Mollusks from California. Veliger, 3 (Suppl.), Pt 1, pp. 85, pis. 1-10. 1961.
28. *On Siphonaria hispida. Bolm Fac. Filos. dene. Univ. S Paulo {Zool.), No. 23 (1960), 107-130,4 pis. 1961.
29. *On Tricolia ajkis amenta. Bolm Fac. Filos. dene. Univ. S Paulo {Zool-), No. 23 (1960), 171-198, pis.
1-6. 1961.
30. On Coryphellina rubrolineata, etc. Proc. malac. Soc. Land. 34, 224-227, 10 figs. 1961.
31. Opisthobranchia from North Carolina. J. Elisha Mitchell scient. Soc. 77, 141-151, 25 figs. 1961.
32. On Stylocheilus citrinus, etc. Proc. malac. Soc. Lond. 35, 16-19, 6 figs. 1962.
33. *A new species of Gnathodoridacea. An. Ac. Bras. Ci. 34, 269-275, 8 figs. 1962.
34. *Opisthobranchs from Florida and the Virgin Islands. Bull. mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 12, 450-588,27figs.
1962.
35. *Studies on Columbellidae. Bolm Fac. Filos. Ciinc. Univ. S. Paulo {Zool-), No. 24 (1962), 335-402,
pis. lyS. 1963.
36. *Mesogastropoda von der Kuste Sao Paulos. Ak. Wiss. Lit. Mainz- Jg- 1963, 1-105, 18 pis. 1963.
37. Opisthobranchs from the Lesser Antilles. Stud. Fauna Curasao, 19, 1-76, 68 figs. 1963.
38. *On Brazilian supralittoral and brackish water snails. Bolm Inst. Oceanogr., S Paulo, 13 (1963),
41-52, 9 figs. 1963.
39. *Verzeichnis der euthyneuren Meeresschnecken Brasiliens. Beitr. neolrop. Fauna, 3, 195-206. 1964.
40. A new species of Polycera, etc. Nautilus, 77, 128-131, 4 figs. 1964.
41. *On Cerilhium atratum, etc. Bull. mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 14, 494-510. 1964.
42. *On the Dove-Shell Anachispulchella (Blainv.), An. Ac. Bras. Ci. 36, 359-366, 5 figs. 1964.
43. On Rissoina chesnelii (Michaud 1830). Proc. malac. Soc. Lond. 36, 163-172, 9 figs. 1965.
44. *On Haliolinellapatinaria. Bull. mar. Sci. 15, 211-215, 9 figs. 1965.
45. MARCUS, E. and BURCH, J . B.: Marine euthyneuran Gastropoda from Eniwetok Atoll. Malacohgia,
3,235-262, 43 figs. 1965.
46. Some Opisthobranchia from Micronesia. Malacohgia, 3, 263-286, 41 figs. 1965.
47. Uber Ellobiiden (Basommatophora). Sber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Bed. (N.F.), 5, 124-128. 1965.
48. *On Brazilian supratidal and estuarine snails. Bolm Fac. Filos. Gene. Univ. S Paulo {Zool.), No. 25
(1965), 19-82, pis. 1-10. 1966.
49. *On two Ellobiidae from Southern Brazil. Bolm Fac. Filos. Gene. Univ. SPaulo {Zool), No. 25 (1965),
425-466, pis. 1-5. 1966.
50 *Opisthobranchs from tropical West Africa. Stud. Trap. Oceanogr. Miami, 4, No. 9, 152-208, 62 figs.
1966.
51. *American Opisthobranch Mollusks. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami, No. 6, VIII, 256, pi. l,241figs.
1967.
52. *Opisthobranchs from the southwestern Caribbean Sea. Bull. mar. Sci. 17, 597-628, 50 figs. 1967.
53.*Some Opisthobranchs from Sapelo Island, Georgia, U.S.A. Malacohgia, 6, 199-222, 19 figs. 1967.
54. *Uber einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata) von Sao Paulo. Beitr. neotrop. Fauna, 5, 186—208, 36figs.1968.
55 *On the prosobranchs Ancilla dimidiata and Marginella fraterculus. Proc. malac. Soc. Lond. 38, 55-69,
12 figs. 1968.
56. *Flabellina engeli, a new nudibranch from Curacao. Beaufortia, 15, 139-142, 5 figs. (Engel Festschrift.)
1968.
57. *Some Opisthobranchs from Ivory Coast. Bull. [Link]. Afr. noire, 30 (Oct. 1968), 1334-1342, 6 figs.
1968.
58. *Euthyneure Meeresschnecken Brasiliens. 2. Beitr. neotrop. Fauna, 6, 1-16, 28 figs. 1969.
59. *Some gastropods from Madagascar and West Mexico. Malacohgia, 7, 17 pis. 1969.
60. * Opisthobranchs from Curacao and faunistically related regions. Stud. Fauna Curacao etc. The
Hague, 133, No. 122. (In press.) 28 pis. 1970.
61. *Opisthobranchs and Lamellaria collected by the 'Vema'. Am': Mus. A'ovit. No. 2368, 1-33, 39 figs.
1969.
62. • Opisthobranchs from the Southern Pacific. Pacif. Sci. 54 figs. (In press.) 1970.
