Well Completion Equipment

By

Prof. Abdel-Alim Hashem

1
COMPLETION EQUIPMENT

• In ge
gene
nera
ral,
l, a wel
welll ccom
ompl
pleti
etion
on sho
should
uld pr
provi
ovide
de a
production conduit which:
– Maximizes the safe recovery of hydrocarbons from a
gas or oil well throughout its producing life. .
– Gives an effective means of pressurizing
pressurizin g selected zones
in water or gas injection wells.
• Do
Down
wnhol
holee aacc
cces
essor
sorie
iess u
use
sed
d ssho
hould
uld be de
desi
signe
gned
d to
to
provide the safe installation and retrieval of the
completion, and flexibility for sub-surface
maintenance of the well using wireline, coiled
tubing or other methods

2
COMPLETION EQUIPMENT

• Ev
Even
en th
thoug
ough
hddiff
iffer
eren
entt ttype
ypess o
off w
wel
ells
ls pr
pres
esent
ent
distinct design and installation problems for
engineers, most completions are just variations on
a few basic designs types and, therefore,
t herefore, the
equipment used is fairly standard.
• An ov
over
ervi
view
ew of the eq
equi
uipm
pmen
entt ccom
ommo
monl
nly
y use
used
d iin
n
single and dual string completions is given in the
following sections.

3
 Tubing Hanger
SCSSSV Control Line Tubing
Flow Coupling
SCSSSV Landing Nipple
Flow Coupling

Side Pocket Mandrel

Tubing

TYPICAL OIL WELL Side Pocket Mandrel

COMPLETION
Sliding Side Door

Landing Nipple

Retrievable Packer

Landing Nipple
Perforated Joint
Landing Nipple
Protection Joint 4
Wireline Shoe Guide
 Tubing Hanger

Tubing

Flow Coupling
SCSSSV Landing Nipple

Flow Coupling

UPPER

COMPLETION Side Pocket Mandrel

EQUIPMENT
Tubing

Side Pocket Mandrel

5
 Sliding Side Door

Landing Nipple

LOWER

COMPLETION Retrievable Packer

EQUIPMENT

Landing Nipple
Perforated Joint
Landing Nipple

Protection Joint

Wireline Shoe Guide6

 WIRELINE RE-ENTRY GUIDE

• A wi
wire
reli
line
ne eentr
ntry
y gu
guide
ide is u
use
sed
d fo
forr the
the sa
safe
fe re
re-e
-entr
ntry
y
of wireline tools from the casing or liner back into
the tubing string.
• It at
atta
tach
ches
es to the en
end
d of the pr
produ
oduct
ction
ion str
string
ing or
packer tailpipe assembly and has a chamfered lead
in with a full inside diameter.
• Wi
Wire
relin
linee re
re-e
-entr
ntry
y gu
guide
idess ar
aree ge
gene
nera
rally
lly aava
vaila
ilabl
blee in
two forms:

7
 WIRELINE RE-ENTRY GUIDE

Mule-Shoe
• This
This type
type of guid
guidee esse
essenti
ntiall
ally
y ha
hass the
the ssam
amee fu
func
nctio
tion
n as the
Bell Guide
Guide but incorpora
incorporates
tes a llarge
arge 45° angle cut on one
side of the guide.
• Shoul
Shouldd the
the gu
guide
ide han
hang
guup
poonn a cas
casin
ing
g iite
tem
m ssuch
uch as a line
linerr
or packer top while being run, rotation of the tubing will
cause the
the 45° shoulder to slide
slide past and enter the liner.
liner.
Bell Guide
• This
Th is gu
tubingguid
ideewireline
of h
has
as a 4
45°
5° lead
lead in tape
tools. taperr to
to all
allow
ow re-e
re-ent
ntry
ry into
into th
thee
• This
This ty
type
pe ooff gui
guide
de iiss u
used
sed in compl
completi
etions
ons wher
wheree the
the end
end of
the tubing does not need to pass through any casing
obstacles such as liner laps. 8
Re-entry Guide

9
 No-Go or Non Selective Nipple
• The
The non-
non-sel
select
ective
ive ni
nippl
pplee rece
receive
ivess a lockin
lockingg devi
devicece that
that
uses a No-Go for location purposes.
• This
This requ
requir
ires
es that
that the OD ofof the
the locki
lockingng d
devi
evice
ce iiss sl
sligh
ightl
tly
y
larger than the No-Go diameter of the nipple.
• The
The No-
No-Go
Go dia
diame
meter
ter is usuall
usually
y a smal
smalll shou
shoulde
lderr loca
located
ted
below the packing bore
bo re (bottom No-Go) but in some
designs, the top of the packing bore itself is used as the
No-Go.

• be
Only
Onused
ly oneinNo-Go
No- Go lland
anding
ingstring.
a completion nip
nipple
ple of a parti
particul
cular
ar size
size shou
should
ld
• The
The No-
No-Go
Go pro
provid
vides
es a p
pos
ositi
itive
ve lo
locat
catio
ion
n aand
nd are
are wide
widely
ly
used in high angle wells where wireline tool manipulation
is difficult and weight indicator sensitivity is reduced.
10
 Go or Selective Nipple
• In the
the sele
selecti
ctive
ve ssys
ystem
tem,, the
the locki
locking
ng d
devi
evices
ces are design
designed
ed
with the same key profile as the nipples and selection of
the nipple is determined the operation of the running tool
and the setting procedure.
• The
The sele
selecti
ctive
ve desi
design
gn iiss fu
full
ll b
bororee and
and allow
allowss the
the inst
instill
illat
ation
ion
of several nipples of the same size.
• Uses of lan
landding nip
nipples
ples ar aree tto
o:
– Plug tubing tram above, below or from both d directions
irections for pressure
testing.
– Leak detection.
– Install safety valves, chokes and other flow control devices.
devices.
– Install bottom hole pressure and temp
temperature
erature gauges.
11
 “X” & “XN” WIRELINE
LANDING NIPPLES

Orientation Orientation
Groove
Groove
Key Profile Key Profile

Seal Bore
Seal Bore

Trash Groove
No-Go Shoulder

“X” Selective “XN” NO-Go

Landing Nipple Landing Nipple
12
Fish
Neck “X” & “XN” WIRELINE
LOCK MANDREL

Expander Sleeve

Spring

“X” or “XN”
“ XN” Keys

Packing Mandrel
Packing Mandr el
Packing

13
 OTHER TYPICAL
TYPICAL
WIRELINE LANDING
NIPPLES

Key Profile Key Profile

Top No-Go

Seal Bore Seal Bore

Bottom No-Go

Baker “AR” Petroline “QXN”

Bottom No-Go Top NO-Go
NO- Go
Landing Nipple Landing Nipple 14
 Perforated Joint
• In we
wells
lls wher
wheree flow
flowing
ing ve
velo
locit
citie
iess aare
re hi
high,
gh, a
restriction in the tubing, such s uch as a gauge hanger,
can cause false pressure and temperature readings.
• Vi
Vibr
brat
ation
ionss in th
thee to
tool
ol ccan
an ca
cause
use ex
exte tensi
nsive
ve da
dama
mage
ge
to delicate instruments.
• To ppro
rovid
videe aan
n al
alte
tern
rnat
ative
ive fl
flow
ow p pat
ath,h, a pe
perf
rfor
orat
ated
ed
joint is instal1ed above the gauge hanger nipple
and allows unrestricted flow around the gauge.
• Th
Thee pe
perf
rfor
orat
ated
ed jjoin
ointt is nor
norma
mally
lly a fful
ulll tubin
tubing
g join
jointt
that is drilled with sufficient holes to provide a
flow area greater than that in the tubing above.
15
 LOWER
COMPLETION Retrievable Packer
EQUIPMENT

16
 EXAMPLES OF
COMPLETIO
COMPL ETION
N PACKER
PACKER
Casing
Annulus
FUNCTIONS
Production
Tubing
Packer

Dual Casing
Packer
Short Long String
String Packer #1

Single Zone/Single
String Completion Packer #2

Packer #3

Dual Zone/Dual
String Completion
Multi Zone/Single
String Completion
17
 Packer
Completion

18
• A packe
packerr is a devi
device
ce u
use
sedPackers
d to pro
provid
videe a seal
seal bet
betwe
ween
en the
the ttubi
ubing
ng
and the casing.
• At sui
suitab
table
le com
complepletio
tion
n stri
string,
ng, this
this sseal
eal al
allow
lowss the
the flow
flow of
reservoir fluids from the production formation to be contained
within the tubing up to the surface.
• This
This isol
isolate
atess the
the pr
produ
oducti
ction
on ccas
asing
ing frfrom
om being
being eexp
xpose
osedd to
well pressure and corrosion from well effluents or injection
fluids.
• A packer
packer is tub
tubula
ularr in con
const
stru
ructi
ction
on aand
nd cons
consis
ists
ts basi
basical
cally
ly of:
of:
– Lock Ring and Mand
Mandrel
rel

– Slips
– Cone
– Seal

– Inner Mandrel 19
 Packers
In general, packers are classified in two groups:
– Retrievable
– Permanent
Retrievable Packers
• Thes
Thesee are
are gener
generall
ally
y rrun
un into
into the
the wel1b
wel1bore
ore on tubing
tubing
production tubing string.
string . As the well implies, retrievable
packers can be recovered
recove red from the well after setting by
pulling it with the tubing.
Permanent Packers

• Thes
Th
theese
e are
are inst
install
production alled
ed in
in the
tubing the we
well
string. llbor
boree usual
usual1y
1y iinde
ndepen
penden
dentt of
• perma
permanen
nentt p
pack
acker
er ma
may ybbee consi
consider
dereded as an int
integr
egral
al Par
Partt of
of
the casing. Permanent packer can only be removed from
the well by milling operations. 20
 Packers
• Pack
Packer
erss may
may be furt
furthe
herr clas
classi
sifi
fied
ed acc
accor
ordi
ding
ng
to the number of bores required for
production.
– Single One concentric bore through the packer
for use with a single tubing string
– Dual: Two parallel bores through the packer
for use with two tubing strings.
– Triple :Three parallel bores through the packer
for use with three tubing string.
• A typi
typica
call pac
packe
kerr desc
descri
ript
ptio
ion,
n, the
there
refo
fore
re,,
might be: 9-5/8” dual 3-1/2”x 3-1/2”
hydraulic retrievable packer 21
 TYPICAL
RETRIEVABLE

PACKERS

Single Hydraulic Dual Hydraulic

Packer Packer

22
 TYPICAL
PERMANENT

PACKERS

23
Wireline Set Hydraulic Set
 Tension packer vs. set down packer

• Tension packer
– No tubing buckling
– May fail in case of
tubing expansion
• Set down packer
(compression packer)
– Tubing buckling

24
 Setting Methods Mechanical
Mechanical
• Ru
Runnoon
n a wor
works
kstri
tring,
ng, it is se
sett b
by
y man
manip
ipula
ulatio
tion
n of
of
the tubing by applying compression or tension in
combination with rotation depending on the
particular setting mechanism for that packer,
NOTE:
• Pa
Pack
cker
erss ha
havi
ving
ng rrot
otat
atio
ion
n se
set/r
t/rel
elea
ease
se m
mec
echa
hanis
nisms
ms
should not be used in highly deviated wells since
the application of tubing torque may not be
transferred downhole.
25
 Setting Methods Mechanical
Hydraulic
• Pack
Packer
erss can
can be
be run
run on a wor
works
kstr
trin
ingg or
or on
on the
the
tubing string.
• When
When the
the des
desir
ired
ed set
setti
ting
ng dep
depth
th is
is reac
reache
hed
d the
the

tubing is plugged
valve, standing below
valve or athe packerplug.
wireline with a check
• Hydraut
Hydrauticic pressu
pressure
re is
is appl
applied
ied to the tubing
tubing to set
the packer.
• Gene
Genera
rall
lly,
y, a pre
prede
dete
term
rmin
ined
ed upw
upwar
ard
d pull
pull on
on the
the
tubing string will release the seal unit from the
packer with a Hydraulic Permanent packer 26
system.
 Setting Methods Mechanical
Electrically on Wireline
• This
This is
is gene
general
rally
ly restri
restricte
cted
d to
to perm
permane
anent
nt packer
packers.
s.
• The pack
packer
er is att
attac
ache
hed
d to a wire
wireli
line
ne set
setti
ting
ng

adapter, connected
the wireline and runtoina the
setting gun on the end of
wellbore.
• Oh reac
reachin
hing
g the
the desire
desired
d dept
depth
h an
an elec
electri
trical
cal signal
signal
transmitted to the gun activates an explosive
charge and, through a hydraulic chamber,
provides the mechanical forces toto set the packer.
27
Retrievable Packer Accessories
Travel Joints (Telescoping or Expansion
Joints)
• A trav
travel
el joi
joint
nt is
is used
used to
to comp
compen
ensa
sate
te for
for tub
tubin
ing
g
movement due to temperature and/or pressure
changes during treating or production and is
used with retrievable packer system.
• Figu
Figure
re belo
below
w show
showss a tra
trave
vell joi
joint
nt com
commomone
nely
ly
used on the short string in dual string
completion.
• It comp
compos
osed
ed of
of inn
inner
er sle
sleev
eve,
e, out
outer
er slee
sleeve
ve and
and
packing element 28
 TRAVEL JOINT
Packing

Inner Sleeve
Outer Sleeve

29
 Permanent Packer Accessories
• An iimp
mpor orta
tant
nt aasp
spec
ectt in a ccom
ompl
plet
etio
ionn wi
withth a
permanent packer is the tubing/packer seal.
• As tthe
he ppac
acke
kerr in ef
effe
fect
ct bec
becom
omes
es pa
part
rt o
off th
thee cas
casing
ing
after it is set, .the tubing must connect to the
packer in a fashion so that it can be released.
• Th
This
is co
conne
nnect
ctio
ion
nwwhe
hethe
therr iitt iiss a str
strai
aigh
ghtt stab
stab in,
in,
latched or otherwise, must have a seal to isolate
the annulus from well fluids and pressures.
• Th
This
is se
seal
al usual
usually
ly co
consi
nsists
sts of a n
num
umbe
ber6
r6ff ssea
eall
elements to cater for some wear and tear.
30
 Permanent Packer Accessories
• Th
Thes
esee se
seal
al eele
leme
ments
nts ar
aree clas
classif
sifie
ied
d in
into
to ttwo
wo g
gro
roup
ups,
s,
·premium' and ·non-premium'.
• Th
Thee p
pre
remi
mium
um gr
group
oup is u
use
sed
d in seve
severe
re or sou
sourr w
wel
elll
conditions i.e. H2S, CO2 etc. and are normally 'V'
type packing stacks containing various packing
materials resistant to the particular environment.

• Th
Thee n
non-
on-pr
prem
emiuium
m ssea
eals
ls aare
re fo
forr sw
swee
eett se
serv
rvic
icee aand
nd
can be either 'V' type packing stacks
st acks or moulded
rubber elements

31
 Locator Tubing Seal Assemblies

• Lo
Loca
cato
torr tubi
tubing
ng se
seal
al as
asse
semb
mblie
liess and
and Tub
Tubing
ing Seal
Seal
Extensions, are fitted with a series of external
seals providing an effective seal between the
tubing and packer bore.
• Th
They
ey als
also
ohhav
avee a No-
No-Go
Go typ
typee loc
locato
atorr for
for pos
positi
ition
on
determination within the packer.

• Lo
Loca
so cato
torr they
that sea
seall aasse
ssemb
can mble
less aare
re nomin
accommodate nominall
ally
bothy upward
proc
procee
eed
d and
o
out
ut
downward tubing movement induced by changes
in temperature and pressure.
32
 Seal Bore Extensions

• A sea
seall bor
boree ext
exten
ensi
sion
on is used
used to prov
provid
idee
additional sealing bore length when a longer

seal
greaterassembly is run to accommodate
tubing movement.
• The
The sea
seall bor
boree ext
exten
ensi
sion
on is run
run bel
below
ow the
the
packer and has the same ID as the packer.

33
 PERMANENT PACKER
ACCESSORIES

“G” Locator

Anchor
Latch
Anchor
Latch

Locator Seal Seal bore “K22” Anchor “EBH22” Anchor

Assembly Extension Seal Nipple 34
Seal Assembly
35
Polished Bore Receptacles (PBRs)

• A PBR
PBR isis sim
simpl
ply
y a seal
seal rec
recep
epta
tacl
clee atta
attach
ched
ed
to the top of a permanent packer or liner
hanger packer in which the seal assembly
lands.
• As the
the PBR
PBR bore
bore can
can bbee mad
madee lar
large
gerr tha
than
n
the packer.
• This
This prov
provid
ides
es a larg
larger
er flow
flow are
areaa thro
throug
ughh the
the
seal assembly

36
37
 Tubing Bore Receptacles (TBRs)

• A TSR
TSR is an inve
invert
rted
ed vers
versio
ion
n of
of a PBR
PBR
whereby a polished OD male member is
attached to the top of the packer and the
female (or overshot) is attached tubing.
• The
The sea
seals
ls are
are ccon
onta
tain
ined
ed in the
the fem
femalalee
member so that they are recovered when
pulling the tubing

38
 POLISHED BORE
RECEPTACLE
Debris
Barrier
Shear
Ring

Seal Units

Debris
Barrier
Debris
Barrier

Debris
Barrier

39
 TUBING SEAL
RECEPTACLE

Extra Long
Tubing Seal
Receptacle
(ELTSR)

40
PBR and
TBR

41
 Sliding Side Door

LOWER
COMPLETION
EQUIPMENT

42
43
Wireline Nipple Profile SLIDING SIDE
Pack
Pack Off Seal Area DOOR

Inner Sleeve

Seal
Seal Assembly
Ass embly

Three Stage
Stage Collet Lock
L ock
Lock Recess
Recess (Equalising
(Equalising Posit ion)

Lock
Loc k Recess
Recess (Open
(Open Posi
Positio
tio n)

Polished
Polis hed Seal
Seal Ar ea
44
 Sliding Side Doors
• Slidi
Sliding
ng Side
Side Doo
Doors
rs (SS
(SSDs
Ds)) or Sli
Slidin
ding
g Sleev
Sleeves
es are ins
insta
talle
lled
d
in the tubing during well completion to provide a means of
communication between the tubing and the annulus when
the sleeve is moved to the open position.
SSDs are used to:
• Brin
Bringgaw weIeIll in
into
to prod
product
uction
ion aft
after
er dril
drilli
ling
ng o
orr work
workove
overr by
circulating the completion fluid out of the tubing and
replacing it with a lighter underbalanced fluid. '
• Kill
Kill a w
wel
elll pri
prior
or to pullin
pulling
g the
the tub
tubing
ing in a wwork
orkove
overr
operation.
• Provi
Provide
de sele
selectictive
ve zzone
one produc
productio
tion
n in a mult
multipl
iplee zone
zone wel
welll
completion.

45
 Sliding Side Doors
• The
The appli
applicat
cation
ion of SSD
SSDss as a circu
circulat
lation
ion device
device me
means
ans they
they
must be positioned as close as possible to the packer,
normally within 100 ft.
• Used
Used ffor
or sel
select
ectiv
ivee zo
zonal
nal produ
producti
ction,
on, a numb
number
er of
of SSDs
SSDs can
can
be installed in a single completion
completi on string between isolation
packers and selectively opened
o pened or closed by wireline o
orr
coiled tubing methods.
• Coile
Coiled
d tubi
tubing
ng iiss ge
gener
nerall
ally
y us
used
ed iin
n hi
high
gh angl
anglee or horizo
horizonta
ntall
wells where wireIine cannot reach.
• SSDs
SSDs are
are avail
availabl
ablee iin
n ve
vers
rsio
ions
ns that
that open
open by shi
shift
fting
ing an
inner sleeve, either,
the appropriate upwards
shifting tool. or downwards by the use of
• When
When there
there ar
aree m
mor
oree than
than one SSD in a well
well,, tthe
he sleev
sleeves
es
may be opened and closed with selective shifting tools
without disturbance of sleeves higher up in the string.
46
 CT Unit Elements

1. Tubing Reel
2. Injector Head
3. Control Cabin

4. Power Pack

47
 Major Components (Wireline
Components
Offshore Location)
A. Grease & Hydraulic
Control Unit
B. Pressu
Pressure
re Test Unit
Unit
C. Powe
Powerr Pac
Pack
k
D. Wire
Wireli
line
ne Uni
Unitt
E. Pres
Pressu
sure
re Cont
Contro
roll
Equipment
F. Wire
Wireliline
ne Mast
Mast Unit
Unit

48
 Sliding Side Doors
CAUTION:
• Tu
Tubin
bing
g aand
nd an
annul
nulus
us pr
pres
essur
sures
es mu
must
st he equa
equaliz
lized
ed
before an SSD’s opened to prevent wireline tools
being blown up or down the tubing.
• A ccom
ommo
monn ffau
ault
lt wi
with
th S
SSD
SD’s
’s iiss ttha
hatt tthe
he seal
seal failu
failure
re
usually leads to a workover although a pack-off
can be installed as a temporary solution.
• Th
Thee ttop
op sub inc
incor
orpor
porat
ates
es a n
nipp
ipple
le prof
profile
ile an
and
d tthe
he
bottom sub has a polished bore to enable the
installation of the pack-off, sometimes also termed
t ermed
a straddle. 49
 UPPER
COMPLETION Side Pocket Mandrel
EQUIPMENT

Side Pocket Mandrel

50
 Side Pocket Mandrels
• The
The Side
Side Poc
Pocke
kett ,Man
,Mandr
drel
el sys
syste
tem
m was
was
originally designed" for gas lift completions
to provide a means of injecting gas from the
casing-tubing annulus to the tubing via a
gas lift valve.
• Howe
Howeve verr in
in rec
recen
entt tim
times
es,, the
they
y hav
havee als
also
o
been commonly used in place of an SSD as
a circulating device because seal failure can
be rectified by pulling thethe dummy gas lift
valve (or kill valve) with wireline and
replacing the seals. 51
 Side Pocket Mandrels
• SP
SPMs
Ms aare
re iins
nsta
talle
lled
d in the co
comp
mple
leti
tion
on str
strin
ing
g to ac
actt
as receptacles for the following range of devices:
devi ces:
– Gas lift valves
– Dummy valves

– Chemical injection valves

– Circulation valves
– Differential dump kill valves

– Equalizing valves.
• It iiss es
esse
sent
ntia
iall to un
unde
ders
rsta
tand
nd tthe
he o
ope
pera
ratio
tion
n of th
thee
device installed in an SPM before conducting
conductin g any
well intervention as it may affect well control. 52
 SIDE POCKET
Orientation MANDREL
Sleeve

Tool
Discriminator

Latch Lug
Upper Packing Bore

Pocket
Lower Packing
Packing Bore
Bor e

Section A-A
53
 SPM
LATCH/VALVES
TYPICAL LATCH

54
DUMP KILL REVERSE GAS LIFT
VALVE CIRCULATING VALVE
VALVE

Gas Lift and Wireline Equipment

55
 KICKOVER TOOL
Upward jarring
shears trigger
pin and permits
tool to be pulled
out of hole OPERATION
OPERA TION -
Tool now
in a position
to jar down
into the pocket
VALVE
Pin doesn't
have to be
sheared at
this time
Shear
pins in
arm will
be
INSTALLATION
sheared

Latch Lower
knuckle
now in line
with pocket

Valve
Catcher

56
 UPPER
COMPLETION
EQUIPMENT

Tubing

57
 Flow Coupling
SCSSSV Landing Nipple

Flow Coupling

UPPER
COMPLETION
EQUIPMENT

58
 Flow Couplings
• Fl
Flow
ow ccou
oupli
plings
ngs,, aare
re heav
heavy-
y-wa
wall
lled
ed tubu
tubula
lars
rs,, w
whic
hich
h

are installed
which aboveflow
may cause anyturbulence
completionsuch
component
as wireline
wirelin e
nipples, SSD’s, SCSSV landing nipples etc. and
combat internal erosion.
• Th
They
andeyhave
m
may
aya b
be
emman
anuf
thickerufac
actur
tured
wall ed fr
from
om h
thickness har
arde
so
so derr m
that,mat
ifater
eria
ialsls
erosion is experienced, the flow coupling will still
maintain pressure integrity over the projected life
li fe
of the well.
• In h
high
igher
er veloc
velocity
ity we
wells
lls,, ssuc
uch
h as hi
high
gh pre
pressu
ssure
re ga
gass
wells or injection wells. a flow coupling may also
be placed below restrictions.
59
60
 Comparison of WRSVs and TRSVs
WRSV Applications TRSV Applications

General application:
intervention where
by wireline is General
flow areaapplication: where
is desired for larger
the tubing
available size
High pressure gas wells High volume oil and gas wells

Extreme hostile environments Subsea compelion

where well fluids or temperature
tend to shorten the life of
component materials
High velocity wells with abrasive Multiple zone completions where
production several flow control devices are
set beneath the TRSV

Greater depth setting capabilities

61
Poppet Valve

62
TYPICAL SAFETY

VALVE SYSTEM

63
 WIRELINE

RETRIEVABLE
SAFETY VALVE
(Ball Type)

Open Closed 64
BALL VAL
VALVE
VE MECH
MECHANIS
ANISM
M

65
 TUBING
RETRIEVABLE
SCSSV
(Flapper Typ
Type)
e)

66
 Valve Closed

FLAPPER VALVE MECHANISM

Hinge Pin
Flapper Seat

Hinge Spring

Flapper
67
 LARGE BORE
FLAPPER
CONSTRUCTION

68
 Production Casing

ANNULUS
Multi-Purpose
Expansion Joint

SAFETY VALVE Ann ulu s Po rts

Tubing
Pop pet V
Valves
alves
Tubi ng Retrieva ble Safety
Valve Control Li ne

Tubing Retrievable Safety

Valve
Power Spring An nu l us Saf ety
Valve Control Li ne
Flow Coupling

Spacer

A nnu lu s Saf ety Va

Valv
lv e

Pack-Off
Pack-Off Tubing Anchor

69
 Rod Piston
iston Safety
fety Valve Annul
nnula
ar Sa
Safe
fety
ty Valv
alve
e Syste
ystem
m Instal
nstalla
latio
tion
n

Tubing Hanger

UPPER
COMPLETION
EQUIPMENT

70
 Horizontal
Conventional
Production Well
Completion

71
Horizontal
Monobore
Production
Well
Completion

72
Casing Profile Example

73
Typical Surface Wellhead System

74
MANDREL TYPE TUBING
HANGER SYSTEM
 75

Bowl Type Tubing Head/Mandrel

Type Tubing Hanger
A Tubing Head/Tubing Hanger combination unit is attached to the
uppermost casing head on the wellhead. The main functions of this
unit are to:
– Suspend the tubing
– Seal the annular space between the tubing an andd the casing
– Lock the tubing hanger
hang er in place
– Provide a base for the wellhead
we llhead top assembly (Xmas Tree)
– Provide access to the annular
annu lar space ('A' annulus).
• Suspen
Suspensision
on of the
the tubi
tubing
ng is aacco
ccomp
mplilish
shed
ed usual
usually
ly by
by thread
threads,
s, slip
slipss
or any other suitable device, i e. rams.
• The tubing
tubing head
head cons
consis
ists
ts o
off a sspoo
pooll piece
piece type
type h
hous
ousing
ing where
where the
the
internal profile of the top section is a straight or tapered cylindrical
receptacle (bowl) into which the tubing hanger is landed,
suspending the tubing and sealing off the volume between the
tubing and the casing.
 76

Features of Tubing Hanger Spools

Top and Bottom Connections
• the siz
sizee and pres
pressu
sure
re ra
rati
tings
ngs of
of these
these co
conne
nnect
ction
ionss (usu
(usuall
ally
y fla
flang
nged)
ed)
must be compatible with. the size and pressure rating of the
joining connections.
connectio ns.
Upper Bowl
• provid
provideses the
the sseal
eal are
areaa fo
forr va
vari
rious
ous tu
tubin
bingg hang
hangers
ers and a load
load
shoulder to support the production tubing.
Lower Bowel
• This
This is
is p
pro
rovid
vided
ed to house
house some
some ty
type
pe of isola
isolatio
tion
n seal
seal..
Set Screw
• or hold
hold-d-down
own screw
screwss are
are fo
found
und in m mos
ostt tubin
tubingg heads
heads and have
have two
two
important functions.
• Retain
Retain the tubing
tubing han
hanger
ger and preve
prevent
nt any upward
upward tubin
tubingg
movement due to pressure surges.
• Activa
Activatete (energ
(energize
ize)) the
the bod
body y seal
sealss on
on the
the tubi
tubing
ng hanger
hanger..
 77

Features of Tubing Hanger Spools

Outlets
• These
These provi
provide de acces
accesss to the
the ann
annul
ulus
us ((e.g
e.g.. for press
pressur
uree monit
monitori
oring
ng
or gas lift) during production.
Test Port
• This
This perm
permititss th
thee pres
pressur
suree te
test
sting
ing of tthe
he hang
hangerer seal
seal as
asse
semb
mbly,
ly,
lockdown screw packing connection between flanges, and the
secondary (isolation) seal.
• The
The impo
importrtan
antt feat
featur
ures
es of
of tub
tubining
g ha
hang
ngererss are:
are:
Landing Threads
• These
These are
are the
the uppe
uppermrmosostt th
thre
reads
ads on the
the hhang
anger
er and
and they
they must
must
support the entire weight of the tubing string during landing
operations.
Bottom Threads
• These
These mus
mustt su supp
pport
ort th
thee ent
entir
iree we
weigh
ightt of the
the tubi
tubing
ng str
string
ing and seal
seal
the producing conduit from the tubing/casing annulus.
 78

Features of Tubing Hanger Spools

Sealing Area
• These
These pro
provid
videe comp
compreress
ssion
ion typ
typee seal
sealing
ing betwe
between
en the
the out
outsi
side
de
diameter of the hanger body and the inside diameter of the hanger
bowl.
• Seali
Sealing
ng is acco
accomp
mplis
lished
hed bby
y ene
energ
rgizi
izing
ng el
elas
astom
tomer
er se
seals
als or
or metal
metal-to
-to--
metal seals by the action of tubing weight on various load-bearing
surfaces.
• Tubing
Tubing hanger
hangerss are
are si
sized
zed acc
accord
ording
ing to tthe
he uppe
upperr bow
bowll of the
tubing head and the tubing size the hanger win be supporting.
• Thus,
Thus, a 7" x 2-7/8"
2-7/8" tubin
tubing
g " hang
hanger
er m
mean
eanss a 2-7/
2-7/8"
8" pro
produc
ductio
tion
n
string suspended from a tubing head 7Ihf," top bowl. ..
 79

Tree Cap

COMPOSITE XMAS
TREE
Production W ing Valve
Kill Wing Valve

Choke Valve

Upper Master Valv

Valv e

Lower Master Valve

 80

Xmas Trees
• A Xma
Xmass T
Tree
ree is an aass
ssem
embly
bly of v
val
alves
ves and fitti
fitting
ngss use
used
d to
to
control the flow of tubing fluids at surface, provide access
to the production tubing and on some subsea completions
to provide access to the annulus string.
• In gene
generaral,
l, a X
Xma
mass T
Tre
reee iiss ess
essen
enti
tial
ally
ly a man
manif
ifol
old
d of
of
valves, installed as a unit on top of a tubing head or subsea
wellhead.
• The
The rang
rangeses of tr
trees
ees ava
availa
ilable
ble is wi
wide
de and are
are not
not all
addressed in this manual.
• Howe
However
ver the valve
valve llayo
ayout
ut o
off ssurf
urface
ace Xmas
Xmas tre
trees
es is
is ssim
imil
ilar
ar
throughout and typically contains the following valves and
features:
 81

Xmas Trees
Lower Master Valve (LMV)
• The
The Low
Lowerer M
Mas
aster
ter Va
Valve
lve.is
.is ut
util
ilize
ized
d on
on all
all Xm
Xmas
as tr
trees
ees to
shut in a well.
• This
This val
valve
ve is usuall
usually
yooper
perate
ated
d manu
manuall
ally.
y. As its
its nam
namee
implies, the master is the most important valve on the
Xmas tree.
• When
When closed
closed,, tthis
his val
valve
ve sh
shoul
ouldd keep
keep the well
well pre
press
ssur
uree
under fun control and therefore should be in optimum
condition - it shoul
shouldd never be used as a working
working valve.
• In mode
modera
rate
te tto
o hi
high
gh-pr
-pres
essu
sure
re w
well
ells,
s, X
Xma
mass ttree
reess are
are often
often
furnished with a valve actuator system for automatic or
remote controlled operation (i.e. surface safety valve
system).
• This
This is of
often
ten a regul
regulato
atory
ry re
requi
quire
reme
ment
nt iin
n sour
sour gas or high-
high-
pressure wells.,
 82

Xmas Trees
Upper Master Valve (UMV)

• The
Th e Uppe
Upper
pressure r Mast
Master
wells asera Val
Valve
ve is
is us
emergencyused
ed o
on
n nmode
shuti
shutinmo dera
rate
systemtewhere
to
to high
high
the
valve should be capable of cutting at least 7/32" braided-
wireline.

• This
Th
TheisUMV
valve
valve valve
can
can b
beeisactua
acatuated
ted pne
pneum
surface umati
atical
safety cally
ly and
valve or
or hydr
his
ydraul
aulica
ically
lly..
normally
connected to an emergency shut-down (ESD) system.
Flow Wing Valve (FWV)
• The
The Flow
Flow Win
WinggVValv
alvee pe
perm
rmit
itss tthe
he passa
passage
ge of
of well
well fluid
fluidss to
to
the choke valve. This valve can be operated manually or
automatically (pneumatic or hydraulic) depending on
whether a surface safety system is to be included in the
production wing design.
design .
 83

Xmas Trees
Choke Valve

• flow
The
The Choke
Ch
of oke Valve
Valve is use
hydrocarbons used
todthe
to re
rest
stri
rict,
ct, con
productioncontr
trol
ol or
or regul
regulate
facilities. ate the
• This
This valve
valve is
is op
oper
erate
ated
d manua
manualllly
y or autom
automatiatical
cally
ly and
and m
may
ay
be of the fixed (positive) or adjustable
adjusta ble type.
• It is the
the onl
onlyy va
valve
lve on the
the X
Xmas
mas trtree
ee that
that is used
used to cont
contro
roll
flow.
• It is somet
sometimimes
es loc
locate
ated
d dow
downsnstr
tream
eam at the produ
producti
ction
on
manifold.
NOTE:
• All
All othe
otherr valv
valves
es us
used
ed oon
n Xma
Xmass ttre
rees
es are invari
invariabl
ablyy of the
gate valve type providing full bore access to the well.

• Thes
Thesee val
valves
ves must
must be ope
opera
rated
ted in the
the ffull
ully
y open
open · or close
closed
d
 position. . 84

Xmas Trees
Kill Wing Valve

• Th
The
intoe the
K
Kill
illcompletion
Wi
Wing
ng Va
Valve
lve pe
perm
rmits
string its entry
and en try for
also of kil
kill
l flui
fluid
pressure d
equalization across tree valves e.g. during wireline
operations or prior to the removal/opening of a
sub-surface safety valve. This valve is usually
manually operated.
Swab Valve
• Th
Thee S
Swa
wabbVVal
alve
ve perm
permits
its ve
vert
rtic
ical
al entr
entry
y iinto
nto th
thee
well for wireIine (e.g. running BHPIBHT gauges,
tubing conditioning) or for well interventions such
as coiled tubing operations and logging. This
valve is operated manually.
 85

Xmas Trees
Xmas Tree Cap

• Th
Thee X
Xma
mass Tre
Treee Cap
Cap provi
provide
dess the ap
appr
propr
opria
iate
te
connection for well control equipment when
conducting wen interventions and is installed
directly above the swab valve.
• Th
Thee X
Xma
mass Tre
Treee ca
cap
pnnor
orma
mally
lly inc
inclu
lude
dess a qu
quic
ick
k
union type connection and should be strong
enough to support the well control equipment. The
bore of the cap flange should be compatible with
the tree and permit the running of service tools.
Sometimes the cap is removed and replaced by
tertiary well control equipment. (e.g. Shear Seal)
 86

Composite
Wellhead
 87

Integral X-Tree
 88

Type 'SRL' Hanger

Neck Seal

COMPACT
WELLHEAD SYSTEM
Identical
Seal Assemblies
13-5/8" 10,000 W.P.
Cameron 'F astlock
astlock''
Connector

13-5/8" Compact
Housing

2-1/16" Outlets

20-3/4" 3,000 W.P.

Cameron 'F astlock
astlock'' Tubing
Hub Profile
7" Casing

20" Casing
Head Housing
9-5/8" Casing Hanger

9-5/8" Casing
13-3/8" Casing
Landing Base
 20" Casing
89

SOLID BLOCK
XMAS TREE
 90

End