DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF EMERGENCY GSM-BASED FIRE AND GAS WITH

UNLOCK DOOR SYSTEM

(CASE STUDY: CHRISTIAN VILLAGE REAL ESTATE)

A project Report submitted to BlueCrest University

College Affiliated to University of Education Winneba in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the awarded of the degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Submitted by

DAKEHOUN CASIMIR AUGUSTE-MARIE

(300622024053)

Supervised by

MR. NARTEY AMANOR ANDREWS

LECTURER,

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

JUNE, 2024
 DECLARATION

I declare that the project report titled "DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF EMERGENCY
GSM-BASED FIRE AND GAS ALERT SYSTEM WITH SMART UNLOCK DOOR SYSTEM
(CASE STUDY: RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE)" submitted to Bluecrest University College,
affiliated with the University of Education, Winneba, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology for the academic year 2022-2023,
is the result of my original work. This project was carried out by me under the supervision of Mr.
NARTEY AMANOR ANDREWS, a lecturer in the Department of Information Technology at
BlueCrest University College, Accra.

Signature of the Candidate Supervisor signature

Name…………………… Name……………………

Signature…………………… Signature……………………

Date………………………… Date…………………………

DEAN OF ACADEMICS signature HOD signature

Name…………………… Name……………………

Signature…………………… Signature……………………

Date………………………… Date…………………………

ii
 DEDICATION
With profound gratitude and humility, I dedicate this endeavor to the boundless wisdom and guidance of
Almighty God, whose magnificence illuminates every step of this journey. To the esteemed faculty and
mentors at Bluecrest College, particularly the Department of Bachelor of Science in Information
Technologies, your unwavering support and invaluable insights have been the cornerstone of my growth
and learning.

I extend my deepest appreciation to my parents whose endless sacrifices and unwavering belief in me
have paved the path to this moment. Their steadfast encouragement, both economically and morally, has
shaped me into the responsible individual I am today, nurturing aspirations for a future filled with purpose
and fulfillment.

This project stands as a testament to collaboration, perseverance, and the relentless pursuit of knowledge.
To all who have played a part, directly or indirectly, I express my heartfelt gratitude. It is through
collective efforts and unwavering support that milestones are achieved and dreams are realized.

Thank you for being the guiding stars.

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Without the encouragement and support of my adviser, friends, and the assistance of other students while
I was a student at BlueCrest College, I would not have been able to finish my graduation project. I am
very grateful to Mr. Nartey Amanor Andrews who is as helpful as a leader. He was not only my adviser
on my degree project, but he also guided me throughout this endeavor. He provided me with a lot of
valuable information that increased my knowledge and understanding of web applications and helped me
improve the quality of my project. Without his patient assistance with program troubleshooting and
debugging, I doubt I could have finished my graduation project. I am also grateful for my relatives' love,
encouragement, understanding, and tolerance, especially my parents Mr. DAKEHOUN BORIS and his
wife Mme ALABA AIMEE FRANCISCA. They provided me with comprehensive financial aid that
made my dream come true and allowed me to complete my studies at BlueCrest College. Without his
support, I would not have had the opportunity to come to Ghana and would not have obtained my degree
by completing this project. I am also grateful for my relatives' love, encouragement especially also to my
brother to Mr. OSWALD CEDRIC SEYENI. He provided emotional, psychological support to complete
my studies at BlueCrest College. Finally, I would like to thank the Department of Bachelor of Science in
Information Technology for allowing me to pursue a Bachelor of Science (IT) at BlueCrest College. I
also want to thank everyone who helped me during my studies at BlueCrest College.

iv
 ABSTRACT
In the realm of residential real estate, the need for advanced emergency systems like GSM-based fire and
gas alerts with smart unlock door capabilities is paramount. Imagine a scenario where homeowners face
the threat of a fire or gas leak. In such critical situations, every second counts, and having a system that
can detect these emergencies swiftly and take action automatically can save lives and property. For
instance, let's consider a residential complex with multiple units. Each unit is equipped with sensors
connected to a central GSM-based control unit. In case of a fire or gas leak, these sensors promptly send
signals to the control unit, which triggers a series of actions. Firstly, an alert is sent to emergency services,
providing them with the precise location and nature of the emergency. Simultaneously, the smart unlock
door system is activated, allowing residents and emergency responders seamless access while ensuring
unauthorized entry is prevented. The implementation of such a system requires a comprehensive
approach. Initially, thorough research and analysis of existing emergency protocols and systems in
residential settings are conducted. This includes studying previous incidents, understanding response
times, and identifying areas of improvement. Collaborating with experts in fire safety and security
systems is crucial to ensure the design meets industry standards and regulations. In terms of technology,
a combination of hardware and software components is utilized. High-quality sensors capable of
detecting fire and gas leaks accurately are installed strategically throughout the property. These sensors
are integrated with the GSM-based control unit, which acts as the brain of the system, processing
incoming data and coordinating responses. On the software side, a user-friendly interface is developed
for residents to monitor the status of the system, receive alerts, and access emergency resources. Mobile
applications or web portals can be designed to provide real-time updates and communication channels
with emergency services. Testing and validation play a vital role in ensuring the system functions
seamlessly under various scenarios. Real-world simulations, including controlled fire and gas leak tests,
are conducted to validate the system's response time, accuracy, and reliability. Post-implementation,
regular maintenance and updates are essential to keep the system optimized and effective. Continuous
monitoring and feedback mechanisms are established to address any issues promptly and improve overall
performance. By integrating advanced technology with a focus on user experience and safety, the design
and implementation of an emergency GSM-based fire and gas alert with a smart unlock door system for
residential real estate can significantly enhance the overall security and well-being of occupants.

v
 TABLE CONTENT
DECLARATION ...................................................................................................................................................... ii
DEDICATION ......................................................................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................................................................... iv
ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................................................. v
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................................. x
LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................................................................... xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................ xiv
CHAPTER ONE .......................................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ...............................................................................................................1

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT .............................................................................................................................2

1.3 OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................................................3

1.3.1 General Objective ....................................................................................................................................3

1.3.2 Specific Objectives ..................................................................................................................................3
1.3.3 Research Questions ..................................................................................................................................3
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ................................................................................................................3

1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY........................................................................................................................................4

1.6 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY ..............................................................................................................4

1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY ....................................................................................................................5

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF STUDY ......................................................................................................................6

CHAPTER TWO ......................................................................................................................................................7

LITTERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................................................................7
2.1 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................7

2.2 OVERVIEW OF THE FIELD ........................................................................................................................7

2.3 RELEVANT THEORIES AND FRAMEWORKS ........................................................................................8

2.3.1 Technical Framework ..............................................................................................................................8

2.3.2 Operational Framework ...........................................................................................................................9
2.3.3 User-Centric Framework........................................................................................................................10
2.4 RELATED WORK .......................................................................................................................................10
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 2.5 GAPS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FURTHER RESEARCH .................................................................18

2.5.1 Gaps In Revised Systems .......................................................................................................................18

2.4.2 Opportunity For Further Research .........................................................................................................20
2.5 SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................................21

CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................................................22

METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................................22

3.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................22

3.2 POPULATION .............................................................................................................................................23

3.3 SAMPLING METHOD ................................................................................................................................23

3.4 DATA COLLECTION .................................................................................................................................23

3.5 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................24

3.5.1 Agile Model ...........................................................................................................................................25

3.5.3 Description Of Methodology .................................................................................................................26
3.5.4 Agile Model Pros And Cons ..................................................................................................................28
3.5.5 Agile Model Advantages And Disadvantages .......................................................................................29
3.6 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT .........................................................................................................................29

3.7 SYSTEM DESIGN .......................................................................................................................................31

3.7.1 Flowchart ...............................................................................................................................................31

3.7.2 Sequence Diagram .................................................................................................................................32
3.7.3 Activity Diagram....................................................................................................................................33
3.7.4 Context Flow Diagram ...........................................................................................................................34
3.7.5 Entity Relationship (ERD) Diagram ......................................................................................................35
3.7.6 Use Case Diagram..................................................................................................................................36
CHAPTER FOUR...................................................................................................................................................38
RESULT, SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION, AND TESTING ...........................................................................38

4.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................38

4.1 Data Analysis ................................................................................................................................................38

4.1.1 General information on the Respondents ...................................................................................................38

............................................................................................................................................................................59
vii
 4.2 Tools .............................................................................................................................................................59

4.2.1 Arduino Software ...................................................................................................................................59

4.2.2 Arduino Uno ..........................................................................................................................................60
4.2.3 Breadboard .............................................................................................................................................61
4.2.4 Gas Sensor (MQ-2) ................................................................................................................................61
4.2.5 Flame Sensor ...................................................................................................................................62
4.2.6 Unlock Doors ..................................................................................................................................62
4.2.7 Jumper Wires ..................................................................................................................................63
4.3 Requirements Specification ..........................................................................................................................63

4.3 System Implementation .............................................................................................................................64

4.3.1 Fire Detection.........................................................................................................................................64
4.3.2 Gas Detection .........................................................................................................................................65
4.3.3 Unlock Doors .........................................................................................................................................67
4.4 System Testing and Evaluation .....................................................................................................................68

4.4.1 System Testing: The Big Picture ...........................................................................................................68

4.4.2 Usability Testing: Making Sure It's User-Friendly ................................................................................68
4.4.3 Integration Testing: Making Sure Everything Plays Nice .....................................................................68
4.4.4 Acceptance Testing: The Final Hurdle ..................................................................................................69
CHAPTER FIVE ....................................................................................................................................................70
DISCUSSION, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND CONCLUSION .....................................................................70

5.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................70

5.1 Discussion .....................................................................................................................................................70

5.2 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................70

5.3 Recommendation ..........................................................................................................................................71

5.4 Area of Future Research ...............................................................................................................................72

5.5 Limitation of Study .......................................................................................................................................73

REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................74

APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................................................77
APPENDIX A: PROJECT TOOLS .....................................................................................................................77

viii
APPENDIX B: QUESTIONNAIRE ...................................................................................................................77

SECTION A ........................................................................................................................................................77

SECTION B ........................................................................................................................................................78

ix
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: Block Diagram of “Using GSM SMS Controller Alarm Configurator to Develop Cost
Effective Intelligent Fire Safety System” ................................................................................................ 11
Figure 2.2: Circuit Diagram of “Using GSM SMS Controller Alarm Configurator to Develop Cost
Effective Intelligent Fire Safety System” .............................................................................................. 11
Figure 2.3: Flowchart of “An Alarm-Based LPG Leakage Monitoring System” ................................. 12
Figure 2.4: Flowchart of “Design and construction of a Gas Fire Alert System” ................................. 13
Figure 2.5: Circuit Diagram of “Design and construction of a Gas Fire Alert System” .................. 13
Figure 2.6: Circuit Diagram of “Design and construction of a Gas Fire Alert System” ..................... 14
Figure 2.7: System Architecture of “Design of an IoT-Based Home Fire Detection System Equipped With
a Data Logger” ....................................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 2.8: The flowchart of “Design of an IoT-Based Home Fire Detection System Equipped with a
Data Logger” ........................................................................................................................................ 15
Figure 2.9: The Block Diagram of “Design and implementation of a smart fire warning system” ...... 16
Figure 2.10: The Block Diagram of “Design and implementation of a smart fire warning system” ...... 17
Figure 3.1: Agile Sdlc methodology ...................................................................................................... 24
Figure 3.2: Agile Model Design .......................................................................................................... 26
Figure 3.3: Agile Model Pros and Cons ................................................................................................ 28
Figure 3.4: Agile Model Advantages and Disadvantages ..................................................................... 29
Figure 3.5: Flowchart Of Emergency of A Gsm-Based Fire and Gas with Smart Unlock Door System.
................................................................................................................................................................. 31
Figure 3.6: Sequence Diagram of Emergency of a Gsm-Based Fire and Gas with Smart Unlock Door
System ................................................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 3.7: Activity Diagram Of Emergency of A Gsm-Based Fire and Gas with Smart Unlock Door
System. ................................................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 3.8: Context Diagram Of Emergency of A Gsm-Based Fire and Gas with Smart Unlock Door
System. ................................................................................................................................................. 35
Figure 3.9: Entity Relationship (ERD) Diagram of Emergency of a Gsm-Based Fire and Gas with Smart
Unlock ..................................................................................................................................................... 35

x
Figure 3.10: Use Case Diagram of Emergency of a Gsm-Based Fire and Gas with Smart Unlock Door
................................................................................................................................................................. 36
Figure 4.1: Gender .................................................................................................................................. 40
Figure 4.2: Ages ..................................................................................................................................... 40
Figure 4.3: Are you aware of the concept of a GSM-based fire and gas alert system? ........................... 42
Figure 4.4: Do you currently have any fire or gas alert systems installed in your home? ...................... 42
Figure 4.5: Have you ever experienced a fire or gas leak emergency in your home? ............................ 43
Figure 4.6: How often do you check or maintain your existing fire and gas alert systems? ................... 43
Figure 4.7: How important is it for you to have an automated fire and gas detection system in your
residential property? ............................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 4.8: Do you know what a GSM-based alert system is?................................................................ 46
Figure 4.9: Do you think a GSM-based system is more reliable than traditional fire and gas alert systems?
Why or why not? .................................................................................................................................... 46
Figure 4.10: How do you think a GSM-based system operates in case of an emergency? ..................... 47
Figure 4.11: What features would you expect from a GSM-based fire and gas alert system? ............... 47
Figure 4.12: Would you prefer a system that can remotely notify you (via GSM/SMS) in case of an
emergency? ............................................................................................................................................. 48
Figure 4.13: In case of a fire or gas emergency, how important is it for you to have a smart unlock door
feature that can automatically unlock the doors for emergency responders? ......................................... 48
Figure 4.14: What do you perceive as the primary benefit of a GSM-based fire and gas alert system? . 50
Figure 4.15: Do you have any concerns about the reliability of GSM-based systems during emergencies?
................................................................................................................................................................. 50
Figure 4.16: How concerned are you about false alarms with GSM-based systems? ............................. 51
Figure 4.17: What additional features would you like to see in a GSM-based fire and gas alert system?
................................................................................................................................................................. 51
Figure 4.18: If you have used a GSM-based alert system, how would you rate your overall satisfaction?
................................................................................................................................................................. 53
Figure 4.19: Would you be comfortable performing regular maintenance checks on the system? ....... 54
Figure 4.20: Would you recommend a GSM-based fire and gas alert system to others? ...................... 54
Figure 4.21: How important is it for the system to automatically unlock doors during an emergency? . 55
Figure 4.22: How frequently should the system be tested to ensure it is working properly?.................. 55
xi
Figure 4.23: How likely are you to adopt a GSM-based fire and gas alert system with a smart unlock door
feature? ................................................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 4.24: How likely are you to adopt a GSM-based fire and gas alert system with a smart unlock door
feature? ................................................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 4.25: What improvements would you like to see in GSM-based fire and gas alert systems? .... 58
Figure 4.26: How do you think smart home technology can further enhance fire and gas safety? ....... 58
Figure 4.27: Would you be interested in a subscription service for regular maintenance and updates of
your alert system? .................................................................................................................................... 59
Figure 4.28: Arduino Software ............................................................................................................. 60
Figure 4.29 : Arduino Uno ................................................................................................................... 60
Figure 4.30: Breadboard ........................................................................................................................ 61
Figure 4.31: Gas sensor ......................................................................................................................... 61
Figure 4.32: Flame Sensor .................................................................................................................... 62
Figure 4.33: Unlock door ....................................................................................................................... 62
Figure 4.34: Jumper Wires .................................................................................................................... 63
Figure 4.35: Fire Detection ................................................................................................................... 65
Figure 4.36: Gas Detection ................................................................................................................... 66
Figure 4.37: Gas Detection ................................................................................................................... 66
Figure 4.38: Unlock Door ................................................................................................................... 67
Figure 5.0: My work ................................................................................................................................ 83

xii
 LIST OF TABLE
Table 1: General Awareness .................................................................................................................... 78
Table 2: Understanding GSM-Based Systems ........................................................................................ 79
Table 3: Perceived Benefits and Concerns .............................................................................................. 80
Table 4: User Experience and Satisfaction .............................................................................................. 81
Table 5: Future Improvements and Recommendations ........................................................................... 82
Table 6: Additional Comments................................................................................................................ 83

xiii
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation Meaning

GSM Global System for Mobile Communications

SMS Short Message Service

IoT Internet of Things

MQ-2 Gas Sensor Model MQ-2

ERD Entity Relationship Diagram

SDLC Software Development Life Cycle

GPS Global Positioning System

RF Radio Frequency

ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter

USB Universal Serial Bus

MCU Microcontroller Unit

LED Light Emitting Diode

AC Alternating Current

DC Direct Current

GUI Graphical User Interface

API Application Programming Interface

IP Internet Protocol

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

ARM Advanced RISC Machine

PCB Printed Circuit Board

xiv
 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The advancement in technology has brought significant changes to our daily lives. Yet, this progress
comes with challenges, particularly concerning the safety and well-being of our environments and
ourselves. Fire incidents, with their potential for devastating consequences such as property damage,
injuries, and loss of life, remain a significant concern. No one expects a fire to start in their home, but
sadly, house fires occur more often than you might think, so it is important to be prepared. Most of the
recent fire outbreaks have taken place in state facilities that are of great strategic value, thereby making
fires an issue of public concern and debate.

Out of the 59,933 fire outbreaks reported over 10 years, between 2013 and 2022, 23,394 were domestic
fires, representing 39 per cent of the entire figure. Comparatively, bushfires accounted for 8,948 of the
outbreaks, representing 14.9 per cent, while commercial and vehicular fires were 7,839 (13.1 per cent)
and 7,065 (11.8 per cent) respectively. Additionally, there were 6,526 (10.9 per cent) fire outbreaks
resulting from electrical faults, with institutional and industrial fires recording 1,461 (2.4 per cent) and
1,259 (2.1 per cent) in that order. All other causes of fire outbreaks put together were 3,441, accounting
for 5.7 per cent of the total fire incidents(Nyavi, 2023). For example, the Kumasi Central Market has
suffered from a series of fire outbreaks. The first occurred on May 28, 2009, with another occurring on
January 2, 2010. In December 30, 2012, it also experienced another outbreak within which more than
150 shops were gutted by fire(Addai, 2016). Also the use of organic fuels and gases in domestic and
industrial settings has introduced the risk of leaks, posing threats of fire and explosions.

In response to these challenges, an innovative solutions have emerged, using technologies to enhance
safety measures. This document delves into the realm of fire and gas safety, exploring the synergy of two
crucial technologies: GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and advanced sensor systems.
GSM technology, is a digital mobile network that is used by mobile phone users and other parts of the
world but here is used as a basis for transformative safety system.

Traditional fire and gas detection systems often suffered from delayed responses and unnoticed gas leaks,
resulting in installation costs and maintenance issues. To address these challenges, this document presents
1
an innovative GSM-Based fire and gas alert system. This system strategically deploys sensors for smoke
and gas detection, connected via GSM technology to a central control unit. It excels in rapidly detecting
gas leaks. Through GSM communication, it offers a reliable, cost-effective, and customizable approach
to fire and gas safety. A distinguishing feature is its integration of a door-unlocking mechanism,
particularly valuable in smart homes during emergencies. This remote door unlocking ensures swift and
safe evacuations, critical in emergencies. The system utilizes various sensors to respond quickly to
potential threats, making it significant for high-risk environments like industrial plants, refineries, and
homes. This innovative GSM-based system enhances safety compared to traditional methods and has
applications in factories and homes, representing a future where technology not only improves lives but
also ensures safety effectively.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Fire and gas are very dangerous and come with problems such as: the lack of efficient and timely alert
system in case of fire and gas leaks can lead to severe consequences, including loss of life and property
damage. Fire outbreaks occur very often in this part of the country. Every now and then, news of a fire
outbreak in some parts of Ghana emerges in the news, causing fear and panic among people. The year
2022 has seen a lot of horrid incidents of fire outbreaks. From gas explosions to minor outbreaks leading
to property damages as well as loss of items.In the first half of the year, the Ghana National Fire Service
(GNFS) recorded 3,678 outbreaks in the country(Owusu, 2022). At least 66 persons died and 24 others
suffered injuries due to fire outbreaks and other related incidents in the first half of this year(GTonline,
2023).From the Statistical Department of the Ghana National Fire Service (GNFS), the total cost of
damages caused by these fires amounted to GH₵64.91 million (GH₵64,916,959.20)(Desk, 2023). The
Ghana National fire Service (GNFS) is to reduce the country’s emergency fire response from the current
average time of 10 minutes to the global standard 0f 5 minutes by the ends of 2024(Mills, 2022). That’s
means that firefighter in Ghana for the moment take 10 minutes to respond to a fire. Traditional alert
system are often limited in scope and fail to real-time information to relevant authorities and individuals.
There is a pressing need for a more advanced system, integrating GSM technology, can bridge these
challenges. An advanced system, integrating GSM technology, can bridge these grasp, ensuring
immediate notification to both emergency services and occupants. This enhancement in communication
can significantly reduce response time, enabling swift evacuation and minimizing causalities. Moreover,
such a system can offer remote monitoring, enhancing overall safety protocols, and providing a proactive
approach to disaster prevention
2
1.3 OBJECTIVES
1.3.1 General Objective
This paper's goal is to design and implement an emergency GSM-based Fire and Gas alert system with a
smart unlock door feature. The focus is on promptly detecting and notifying about fire and gas incidents
within a smart house environment.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

 To install sensors capable of detecting fires and gas leaks.
 To incorporate GSM technology to send real-time alerts to specific recipients.
 To develop a remote unlock system for controlled access during emergencies.

1.3.3 Research Questions

1. How does a GSM fire/gas alert system with smart door unlock make smart homes safer?
2. What key features should this system have to detect emergencies and respond quickly?
3. How does this system make smart homes more convenient and user-friendly overall?

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research is highly significant as it deals with a crucial aspect of safety and security. The GSM-Based
Fire and Gas Alert Unlock Door System sent immediate alerts to relevant parties, enabling quick
responses that could save lives and property. This system showcases the practical use of modern
technologies in ensuring public safety. It significantly improves the safety of building occupants by
giving timely alerts about fire and gas leaks, which are crucial for preventing accidents and reducing
damage.

In today's unpredictable world, where emergencies like fires and gas leaks can happen suddenly, having
a reliable and integrated system is essential. By combining traditional safety measures with advanced
technology, this system not only improves our emergency response capabilities but also sets a standard
for effectively protecting communities, industries, and homes.

The system's ability to remotely unlock doors in emergencies is particularly valuable. Emergency
responders can access buildings promptly, potentially saving lives and minimizing property damage. This
system is versatile and can be deployed in various settings, including homes, businesses, and industrial
sites.

3
For occupants, knowing they are safeguarded by such a system provides peace of mind. This
psychological reassurance is invaluable, especially in densely populated areas or places prone to natural
disasters.

1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY

This project aims to develop an intelligent and integrated system that combines fire and gas detection
with a smart door unlocking mechanism, leveraging the power of GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communications) technology. The system is designed to enhance safety and security in smart home
environments. The primary objective is to create a reliable and efficient system that can detect and
respond to fire and gas emergencies promptly. The system incorporated sensors strategically placed
throughout the smart house to monitor for potential fire or gas leaks. Upon detection of such hazardous
situations, the system would immediately trigger an alert through GSM communication, notifying the
homeowner or designated emergency contacts via text messages or voice calls. Furthermore, the system
would seamlessly integrate with the smart door locking mechanism, allowing for remote unlocking of
doors in case of an emergency. This feature enables swift evacuation or entry for emergency responders,
thereby minimizing potential risks and ensuring timely intervention. The implementation of this project
leverage cutting-edge technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, wireless communication
protocols, and cloud-based services, ensuring scalability and compatibility with other smart home
systems.

By combining fire and gas detection with intelligent door unlocking capabilities, this project aims to
revolutionize home safety and security. It provided homeowners with peace of mind, knowing that their
smart home is equipped with a comprehensive emergency response system that can promptly detect and
mitigate potential risks, safeguarding both lives and property.

1.6 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

Using this system can significantly transform emergency response methods. By utilizing GSM
technology, the alert system becomes highly accessible and efficient, ensuring that crucial information
quickly reaches the right people. In today's world, where every second counts during emergencies, the
system's speed and accuracy are incredibly valuable. This research project justifies its significance by
effectively bridging the gap between outdated alert systems and the urgent needs of modern society.

4
The integration of this system not only improves the efficiency of emergency alerts but also enables a
swift and coordinated response, thereby effectively protecting lives and property during critical
situations. Specifically focusing on fire and gas safety, where risks can escalate rapidly and lead to severe
consequences, a GSM-based system provides rapid alerts, enabling quick responses and minimizing
potential harm.

Moreover, the affordability of GSM technology makes it accessible to a wider range of users, offering a
cost-effective solution compared to other advanced security systems. This accessibility not only reduces
losses by preventing or minimizing damages caused by fires, gas leaks, or burglaries but also saves users
money in terms of repair costs and property loss. Overall, the system's design and implementation,
especially in a smart house scenario, enhance safety and security while providing practical benefits for
users.

1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Designing and implementing a GSM-based Fire and Gas with Smart Unlock Door System for a Smart
House presents exciting possibilities, but it's crucial to address potential challenges for optimal
functionality and reliability. The main challenges that were faced during the development of the system
are the following.

1-Challenges like unstable power sources, power outages, or battery failures:

Challenges like unstable power sources, power outages, or battery failures can hinder the system's
performance and render it ineffective during emergencies. False alarms may occur due to sensor issues,
environmental factors, or technical glitches, leading to unnecessary emergency responses.

2-Compatibility issues and technical complexities:

Compatibility issues and technical complexities might arise, necessitating careful attention during
implementation. Neglecting maintenance can result in system failures, particularly in adverse
environmental conditions like extreme temperatures or humidity. These conditions can affect hardware
components, potentially causing malfunctions or reducing the system's lifespan.

3-Delays in alerting users or emergency services:

Delays in alerting users or emergency services due to network congestion or technical issues could impact
the system's overall effectiveness. It's important to acknowledge these limitations to ensure the system's
5
reliability and optimize its performance. Implementing such a system may require a significant initial
investment.

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF STUDY

The project is divided into five chapters, the documentation explaining the research, and they are
organized as follows. The introduction, problem statement, the objectives (general and specific), research
questions, significance of the study, scope of study, limitations of study are all covered in the first chapter.
The literature review is covered in detail in the second chapter, which also includes some comparison
research on earlier, related works. The third chapter outlines the research approach that was utilized to
gather, analyze, and build both the requirement and our solution. The fourth chapter focuses on the results,
implementation, and various types of tests that aid in assessing and improving the project's efficacy and
efficiency. The fifth chapter elaborates on the summary of findings, conclusion, and recommendations.

6
 CHAPTER TWO
LITTERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter looked at what experts, scholars, writers, authors and researchers think about making a
system that uses GSM to warn about fires and gas leaks and unlock doors. Their ideas helped us
understand how to design this new system. We also studied what others have found about how well GSM
systems work for these tasks, including what's good about them and what's not so good. We got this
information from books, research papers, articles, and the internet.

2.2 OVERVIEW OF THE FIELD

This system is composed by GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile network
that is widely used by mobile phone users in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM uses a variation
of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless
telephony technologies: TDMA, GSM and code-division multiple access (CDMA). GSM digitizes and
compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time
slot. It operates at either the 900 megahertz (MHz) or 1,800 MHz frequency band (Ndungu, 2021) and
also for the fire and gas detection system, we'd need sensors like KY-026 sensor who is a Flame Sensor
module detects infrared light emitted by fire. This module has both digital and analog outputs and a
potentiometer to adjust the sensitivity. MQ2 sensor is for gas leakage detection in both home and
industrial settings. It has the ability to detect H2, LPG, CH4, CO, and Alcohol due to its high sensitivity
and fast response time (Utmel, 2023) strategically placed throughout the system. These sensors constantly
monitor for any signs of fire or gas leaks. Once a potential hazard is detected, the system immediately
sends out an alert. In a human touch, this alert could be in the form of a text message or a phone call to
the homeowner and emergency services. It's like having a vigilant assistant keeping an eye on safety 24/7.

Now, let's talk about the smart unlock door system. Imagine having a door that recognizes you. This
system uses GSM technology to allow remote unlocking, so you can let someone in even when you're
not physically there. It's like having a personal doorman who knows exactly who should and shouldn't
enter.

7
Putting these systems together, in the event of a fire or gas emergency, not only does the system alert
you, but it can also automatically unlock the doors for quick evacuation or entry for emergency
responders. This level of automation and integration is what makes a smart house truly smart and safe.

The system should be easy to understand and operate. Imagine getting a notification on your phone about
a gas leak, tapping a code to unlock the doors for firefighters, and receiving updates on the situation, all
from the palm of your hand. It's about empowering homeowners with technology that's both advanced
and user-friendly.

In conclusion, the design and implementation of a GSM-based fire and gas system with a smart unlock
door system for a smart house isn't just about technology; it's about enhancing safety, convenience, and
peace of mind for homeowners in a way that feels personal and intuitive.

2.3 RELEVANT THEORIES AND FRAMEWORKS

The theories and frameworks of this chapter are definitions of concepts and their citations relevant to the
research topic and also serve to demonstrate the understanding of the project, focusing on GSM-based
fire and gas detection alongside a smart unlock door feature. These concepts not only provide clarity but
also showcase our deep understanding of the project. When it comes to developing software or products,
choosing the right model is crucial. The model serves to control the development and test
processes(Trochim, 2020), this structured approach is key to ensuring efficiency and effectiveness.

The success of our emergency system depends on several factors which are electronic components to
make systems such as fire and gas sensors, GSM system to establish a wireless communication. The
better we integrate these factors.

The theory and framework of a GSM-based fire and gas system with a smart unlock door system can be
approached from various perspectives, including technical, operational, and user-centric considerations.

2.3.1 TECHNICAL FRAMEWORK

2.3.1.1 GSM technology
GSM is a wireless technology that allows you to keep in touch with your friends and family no matter
where you are. It is a cellular network that uses a SIM card to connect to the network. The SIM card is
what allows you to make and receive calls, as well as send and receive text messages. It is also the
technology that provides data services such as internet access and email(Baskar, 2023).

8
2.3.1.2 Fire and gas sensors
Gas detectors measure the level of different gases within the air, and are used to prevent anyone from
being exposed to toxic gases that could poison or kill. You may recognize them as fire alarms or carbon
monoxide detectors in your home. As you may be aware, these kinds of detectors can be portable or
stationary. Portable gas detectors are used by firefighters and industrial workers while stationary devices
are fixed to the walls or ceilings of homes, offices and shops. Both types of alarm work in the same way.
When a harmful gas is detected, the alarm triggered noises and/or lights that can be heard and seen by
everyone in the building or close vicinity. Some detectors are even capable of picking up multiple gases
or toxins at once (Ayeni & Akinola, 2024). Flame detectors and sensors are opt-electronic devices used
to sense the presence (or absence) and quality of fire and provide signals to the inputs of control devices.
A flame detector typically relies on ultraviolet or infrared detection of the presence of flame and finds
use in many combustion control applications such as burners. Flame sensors find applications in safety
settings too, such as in under-the-hood fire suppression systems and in process plants where the existence
of flammable materials makes fire monitoring a necessity. These sensors detect the presence of fire or
gas leaks within the smart house. They are strategically placed in areas prone to such hazards, such as
kitchens or utility rooms (Kweon, Park, Park, Yoo, & Ha, 2022).
2.3.1.3 Alert system
Once a sensor detects a potential hazard, it triggers an alert. This alert can be in the form of SMS
notifications, phone calls, or emails sent to the homeowner and predefined emergency contacts.

2.3.1.4 Smart unlock door system

This system utilizes GSM technology to remotely unlock doors. Authorized users can unlock doors from
anywhere using a mobile device or a designated interface.

2.3.2 OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK

2.3.2.1 Emergency Protocols
Clear protocols are established for different emergency scenarios. These protocols define actions to be
taken upon detection of a fire or gas leak, including alerting residents, contacting emergency services,
and unlocking doors. Gas leakage is a major problem with industrial sector, residential premises and gas
powered vehicles like CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) buses, cars, etc. One of the preventive methods
to stop accidents associated with the gas leakage is to install a gas leakage detection device at vulnerable
places. The aim of this project is to develop such a device that can automatically detect gas leakages in

9
vulnerable areas and as well alert the owner anywhere in the world via GSM network. The system detects
the leakage of the LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) using MQ5 gas sensor and uses the GSM phone to
alert the person about the gas leakage via Call. When the LPG concentration in the air exceeds a certain
level, the gas sensor senses the gas leakage and the output of the sensor goes LOW(Jena, Pradhan, Jha,
Goel, & Sharma, 2023). This is detected by the microcontroller, and the system then alerts the customer
by calling a specified mobile-phone number.

2.3.2.2 Testing and Maintenance

Regular testing and maintenance of sensors, communication systems, and door locks are crucial to ensure
the system's reliability and effectiveness during emergencies.

2.3.2.3 User Training

Homeowners and authorized users are trained on how to use the system effectively. This includes
understanding alerts, accessing remote unlocking features, and following emergency procedures.

2.3.3 USER-CENTRIC FRAMEWORK

2.3.3.1 Customization

Users can customize alert preferences, such as choosing the type of notifications (SMS and calls) and
setting up emergency contact lists.

2.4 RELATED WORK

2.4.1 Using GSM SMS Controller Alarm Configurator to Develop Cost Effective Intelligent Fire
Safety System in a Developing Country like Ghana
We have "Using GSM SMS Controller Alarm Configurator to Develop Cost Effective Intelligent Fire
Safety System in a Developing Country like Ghana” (Odonkor, 2020). This paper proposes an intelligent
fire safety system for buildings in developing countries like Ghana. It aims to provide early fire detection
and automatically shut off the electrical power supply to prevent the spread of fires. The system uses a
smoke detector to sense smoke above a certain threshold level. When smoke is detected, it activates an
alarm, cuts off the building's power supply via a contactor, and sends SMS alerts to the building owner
and fire service personnel with the exact location. If the system is not reset within 15 seconds, it
automatically makes phone calls to the owner and fire service.

10
The core of the system is a microcontroller that coordinates the smoke detector, GSM module for
SMS/calls, power supply tripper, alarm siren, and emergency lighting. It is programmed using a GSM
SMS Controller Alarm Configurator software tool.

Figure 2.1: Block Diagram of “Using GSM SMS Controller Alarm Configurator to Develop Cost
Effective Intelligent Fire Safety System” Source:(Odonkor, 2020)

Figure 2.2: Circuit Diagram of “Using GSM SMS Controller Alarm Configurator to Develop Cost
Effective Intelligent Fire Safety System” Source:(Odonkor, 2020)

2.4.2 An Alarm-Based LPG Leakage Monitoring System

When we take "An Alarm-Based LPG Leakage Monitoring System" (Ogunyemi, 2023). This paper
presents a low-cost liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) leakage detection and alarm system for home safety
11
in developing countries. LPG is commonly used for cooking fuel, but leaks can pose serious fire and
explosion risks if undetected. Commercial LPG leak detectors are often costly and not readily available.

The proposed system utilizes an MQ-6 semiconductor gas sensor to detect the presence of LPG. The
sensor is interfaced with a PIC16F877A microcontroller circuit powered by a 9V battery to ensure
operation even during power outages. The microcontroller is connected to an LCD screen to display alerts
and a buzzer to provide audible alarms.

When the MQ-6 sensor detects LPG above a threshold concentration, it triggers the microcontroller to
sound the buzzer and show a "Gas Detected" message on the LCD screen. The system also has a provision
to connect an exhaust fan to disperse accumulated gas and a solenoid valve to automatically shut off the
gas supply, though these were not implemented in the prototype.

Testing was conducted by exposing the MQ-6 sensor to different concentrations of LPG (simulated using
a cigarette lighter) and perfume liquid. The results showed the sensors response time decreased as the gas
concentration increased, with high concentrations triggering alarms within a second(Ogunyemi, 2023).

Figure 2.3: Flowchart of “An Alarm-Based LPG Leakage Monitoring System”

Source:(Ogunyemi, 2023)

2.4.3 Design and construction of a Gas Fire Alert System

This research paper details the ‘Design and construction of a Gas Fire Alert System”(PASCUAL, 2021).
The system uses sensors to detect the presence of flammable gases like LPG as well as fires. When a
hazard is detected, the system sounds an audible alarm and sends a text message alert via GSM module
to a specified phone number. The Alert consists of an Arduino microcontroller, gas and fire sensors, LCD

12
display, buzzer, and GSM module integrated into a compact casing. The researchers tested the system's
performance in detecting hazards and sending alerts in different locations of a home. They found the
system effectively detected gas/fire with short delays, while the SMS alert time was impacted by the
strength of the mobile network signal in that area.

Figure 2.4: Flowchart of “Design and construction of a Gas Fire Alert System”
Source:( PASCUAL, 2021)

Figure 2.5: Circuit Diagram of “Design and construction of a Gas Fire Alert System”
Source:( PASCUAL, 2021)

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Figure 2.6: Circuit Diagram of “Design and construction of a Gas Fire Alert System”
Source:(PASCUAL, 2021)

Overall, the developed GF Alert System proved to be a promising safety device for residential or
commercial settings where gas leaks or fires pose a risk. The researchers provide some recommendations
for further enhancements like automatic gas shut-off and sprinkler integration

2.4.4 Design of an IoT-based home fire detection system equipped with a data logger
This paper presents the “Design of an IoT-based home fire detection system equipped with a data
logger”(Juwariyah, 2021). The system integrates an Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller, ESP8266 Wi-
Fi module, fire sensor, gas sensor, and data logger module for storage.

The fire and gas sensors continuously monitor for potential hazards in the home environment, like around
the kitchen gas stove area. If a fire or gas leak is detected, the system triggers an alert displayed through
the Blynk smartphone app. The fire alert shows up as a virtual red button, while gas detection is indicated
by a rising virtual level bar.

Additionally, the data logger records the fire and gas sensor activity over time, which is visualized as
graphs in the Blynk app. This allows tracking sensor voltage fluctuations corresponding to hazard
detection. All data is also stored on a micro SD card for further analysis of system performance.

14
Figure 2.7: System Architecture of “Design of an IoT-Based Home Fire Detection System Equipped With
a Data Logger” Source:(Juwariyah, 2021)

Figure 2.8: The flowchart of “Design of an IoT-Based Home Fire Detection System Equipped with a
Data Logger” Source:(Juwariyah, 2021)

Through this IoT system design integrated with a data logger, the researchers aimed to develop a smart
home fire safety technology that can effectively detect potential fire risks while providing visual
monitoring and historical data logging capabilities.

2.4.5 Design and implementation of a smart fire warning system

This paper presents the “Design and implementation of a smart fire warning system” (Al-Ismaili & Ali ,
2016) that can quickly alert authorities and property owners about a fire incident. The proposed system

15
uses smoke sensors to detect the onset of a fire or gas leak. Upon detection, it obtains the geographic
location coordinates from a GPS module.

A microcontroller unit then sends a text message containing these coordinates via a GSM module to pre-
programmed numbers, such as the nearest fire station and the property owner's mobile number. This
allows firefighters to quickly navigate to the exact location using maps and initiates a rapid response.

The system also triggers a local alarm buzzer and indicator lights, while cutting off the main power supply
to the premises as a safety precaution. User requirements like high sensitivity, quick response, reliability
and low cost were considered in the design.

A prototype was implemented and rigorously tested in both home and office environments. The
researchers defined a new "Reliability Index" metric that factors in the performance of the smoke sensor,
GSM response time and GPS response time. The system achieved an impressive 93% Reliability Index,
making it suitable for regular domestic use.

Figure 2.9: The Block Diagram of “Design and implementation of a smart fire warning system”
Source: (Al-Ismaili & Ali , 2016)

Overall, this smart fire warning system leverages readily available components like microcontrollers,
GPS and GSM technology to provide an affordable yet effective solution for enhancing fire safety
response. Its automated location reporting can enable much faster incident response compared to
traditional fire alarms.

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2.4.6 Sensor based smart fire detection and fire alarm system
This paper named “Sensor based smart fire detection and fire alarm system”(Rani, 2020) proposes an
Internet of Things (IoT) based smart fire detection and alarm system for home and industrial
environments. The prototype utilizes sensors to detect fire outbreaks at an early stage through monitoring
temperature rise and smoke presence.

The core components include an Arduino microcontroller board, a temperature sensor (LM35), a
smoke/gas sensor, a GSM module, an LCD display, and a water sprinkler attachment. Upon detecting a
fire hazard based on the sensor readings exceeding set thresholds, the system immediately triggers a local
alarm while also sending an alert notification via SMS to the user's mobile number through the GSM
module.

As a fire mitigation measure, the water sprinkler is automatically activated to attempt extinguishing or
controlling the fire until further assistance arrives. This rapid response aims to minimize potential damage
to property and risk to human life.

The researchers tested the prototype by simulating fire scenarios in an enclosed environment. They
observed the system effectively detected the fire conditions, with the smoke sensor providing faster
detection compared to the temperature sensor's response time. The SMS alerts were successfully
delivered to the user's mobile device.

Figure 2.10: The Block Diagram of “Design and implementation of a smart fire warning system”
Source:(Rani, 2020)

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2.5 GAPS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
2.5.1 GAPS IN REVISED SYSTEMS
This section attempts to compare all previously reviewed systems. Some of the existing systems discussed
above have some limitations, and the system developed in this study overcomes the limitations of existing
systems.

In “Using GSM SMS Controller Alarm Configurator to Develop Cost Effective Intelligent Fire Safety
System in a Developing Country like Ghana” (Odonkor, 2020); the system relies solely on detecting
smoke to trigger the safety measures. It does not incorporate other methods of fire detection like heat or
flame sensors, which could provide earlier warning in certain scenarios. The prototype was tested in real-
time, but there are no details provided about extensive testing across different building types. To fully
validate the system's performance and reliability. The system is focused only on fire safety. It does not
integrate any other smart home/building capabilities like security monitoring, energy management.
Which could make it a more comprehensive solution. While stated to be cost-effective, there are no
specifics provided on the actual implementation costs compared to existing fire alarm systems, which is
an important consideration for large-scale adoption in developing countries. The document does not
discuss any provisions for false alarm reduction or easy reset mechanisms after a fire event, which could
impact user acceptance and operation costs.

According to (Ogunyemi, 2023) in ” An Alarm-Based LPG Leakage Monitoring System”. The system is
designed only for detection and alerting purposes. It does not incorporate any automatic control
mechanism to cut off the gas supply from the source in case of a detected leak. The authors mention the
provision to connect a solenoid valve for this purpose, but it is not implemented in the actual prototype.
The testing is limited to controlled experiments by exposing the sensor to different gas concentrations
and perfume volumes. There are no details provided about extensive testing of the system in real-world
scenarios across different environments, gas sources, potential interference from other gases/vapors, etc.
The system relies solely on the MQ-6 sensor which, though sensitive to LPG, may not be optimal for
detecting other potential flammable gases present in a household/commercial setting like methane,
hydrogen, etc. While the cost analysis shows the components make it affordable for domestic use, no
comparative analysis is provided against existing commercial gas detection systems to quantify the exact
cost benefits. The document does not discuss aspects like system calibration requirements, sensor
lifetime/drift, false alarm handling, or easy reset mechanisms after an alarm event, which could impact

18
long-term usability. The system relies solely on the MQ-2 gas sensor to detect gas leaks. This single
sensor may not be optimal for detecting all types of flammable gases present in a household setting like
methane, propane, butane etc.

According to ( Juwariyah, 2021) in” Design of an IoT-based home fire detection system equipped with a
data logger”. The testing of the system appears to be limited to controlled experiments within the home
environment. There are no details provided about extensive testing across different scenarios, sensor
interference, false positive rates, etc. to fully validate real-world performance. While the SMS alerting
functionality is implemented, the document does not discuss any provisions for automatically cutting off
the gas supply or integrating with fire suppression systems in case of a detected leak/fire. There is no
information provided about the system's ability to differentiate between gas leaks and other potential gas
sources like smoke, vapors, etc. which could impact false alarm rates. Aspects like sensor calibration
requirements, sensor lifetime, impact of different environmental factors like temperature, humidity. The
document does not discuss easy reset mechanisms or troubleshooting procedures in case of false alarms
or system faults.

According to (Al-Ismaili & Ali , 2016), the comparison between the previous review system and the
"Design and implementation of a smart fire warning system “reveals several key differences. Firstly, the
network signal strength is highlighted as a crucial factor affecting performance, with weaker signals
leading to delays in sending SMS alerts. However, the document lacks details on ensuring a continuous
power supply and maintaining SIM card balance for uninterrupted service. While suggestions for
additional features are made, such as power tripping devices or sprinklers, implementation specifics are
missing. Programming challenges are noted due to sensor integration, indicating room for improvement
in simplifying programming. Real-world testing is absent from the document, leaving potential
limitations unexplored. Lastly, crucial information on cost and installation requirements is missing,
impacting practical implementation and adoption considerations significantly.

According to (PASCUAL, 2021),” Design and Construction of a Gas Fire Alert System “relies solely on
smoke sensors to detect the onset of fire. It does not incorporate other methods of fire detection like heat
sensors, flame sensors etc. which could provide earlier warning in certain scenarios. The testing of the
prototype appears to be limited to controlled home and office environments. There are no details provided
about extensive real-world testing across different environments, fire conditions, interference scenarios
etc. to fully validate system reliability. The document does not discuss any provisions for false alarm
19
reduction or differentiation between actual fire events and other potential smoke sources like cooking,
dusty environments. There is no information provided about sensor maintenance requirements,
calibration needs, lifetime of sensors before replacement is required etc. which could impact long-term
operational costs. The system is designed to just send alerts. It does not integrate with any fire suppression
systems or have mechanisms to initiate emergency protocols like powering off electrical systems, alerting
occupants on premises etc. While the components used are stated to make the system affordable, no cost-
benefit analysis is provided comparing it against existing commercial fire alarm systems to quantify the
exact cost advantages. The system does not cover other home/industrial automation capabilities like
security monitoring, environmental control etc. which could make it a more comprehensive solution.

According to (Rani, 2020) in "Sensor based smart fire detection and fire alarm system" discussed in the
document presents several key considerations. Firstly, its portability is noted as an area for improvement,
with suggestions for better integration of modules to enhance mobility. Scalability and upgradability are
emphasized, highlighting the need for easy module replacement with newer technologies. However, the
limited testing environment, conducted in a smaller space, raises questions about the system's
performance in larger or complex settings. Sensor limitations are also noted, particularly in response
times and location-dependent effectiveness. Integration with emergency services, although proposed,
lacks details on implementation and interaction methods. Additionally, crucial aspects like cost and
installation requirements are not addressed, which could impact the system's practicality and adoption.

2.4.2 OPPORTUNITY FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

Some important features that can be implemented later in the system. Firstly, for the fire and gas detection
system, you'd need sensors strategically placed throughout the smart house to detect any signs of fire or
gas leaks. These sensors would be connected to a central control unit that can analyze the data and trigger
alarms if any anomalies are detected. The GSM module would be integrated into this control unit to send
real-time alerts to designated emergency contacts or authorities, ensuring a swift response in case of an
emergency. Next, for the smart unlock door system, you could integrate a smart lock mechanism that can
be controlled remotely via the GSM network. This could include features such as automatic
locking/unlocking based on user proximity or access codes sent via SMS. Additionally, you could
implement a video calling feature where authorized users can verify visitors before remotely unlocking
the door for them. As for the mobile application, it could serve as a centralized hub for monitoring and
controlling all aspects of the smart house system. Users can receive notifications about fire or gas

20
incidents, remotely unlock doors, and even access live video feeds from security cameras. The advanced
features could include interactive floor plans for easy navigation, real-time energy consumption
monitoring, and integration with virtual assistants for voice commands. The feedback option in the
mobile app would allow users to provide input on system performance, suggest improvements, and report
any issues they encounter. This feedback loop is crucial for continuous refinement and optimization of
the system.

Overall, by combining GSM technology with smart sensors, locks, and a mobile app interface, you can
create a comprehensive emergency response and home security system that enhances safety,
convenience, and peace of mind for occupants.

2.5 SUMMARY
In this chapter, we explored the fascinating realm of GSM-based emergency systems for smart houses,
focusing on fire and gas detection alongside a smart unlock door feature. The foundation of this system
lies in GSM technology, a widely used digital mobile network that facilitates seamless communication.
It operates by digitizing and compressing data, then transmitting it across designated time slots within
specific frequency bands.

For fire and gas detection, essential components like the KY-026 Flame Sensor and MQ5 Gas Sensor
play a crucial role. These sensors continuously monitor for signs of fire or gas leaks, promptly alerting
homeowners and emergency services via text messages or phone calls. It's akin to having a vigilant
assistant ensuring round-the-clock safety.

The smart unlock door system adds another layer of convenience and security. Imagine a door that
recognizes authorized individuals, granting them access remotely through GSM technology.

Ultimately, the design and implementation of this GSM-based system for smart houses transcend mere
technological innovation. It's about empowering homeowners with a sense of safety, convenience, and
control, creating a truly smart and secure living environment.

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 CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY

3.0 INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, we explore how we developed a smart emergency system for a smart house, focusing on
fire and gas alerts and a smart unlock door feature. Depending on the purpose and intended scope of the
study, various methods are used, including collecting all the necessary information about the current
system’s operation and identifying problems related to its operation. The methodology also adopted
various existing methods for different applications, especially in the field of knowledge engineering,
computer science, and software development.

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

According to (Trochim, 2005) “provides the glue that holds the research project together. A design is
used to structure the research, to show how all of the major parts of the research project work together to
try to address the central research questions.” The research design is like a recipe. Just as a recipe provides
a list of ingredients and the instructions for preparing a dish, the research design provides the components
and the plan for successfully carrying out the study. It allows the researchers to decide on the research
methodology that is suitable for the topic of their study and to properly set up their research. There are
five types of research designs: exploratory, descriptive and explanatory, qualitative, and quantitative. The
classification is based on the purpose of the research area, as each design serves a different end goal. The
research design of this study would use a quantitative research design.

Quantitative research stands as a powerful research methodology dedicated to the systematic collection
and analysis of measurable data. Through rigorous statistical and mathematical techniques, this method
extracts insights from structured surveys, controlled experiments, or other defined data-gathering
methods. The primary objective of quantitative research is to measure and quantify variables,
relationships, and patterns within the dataset. By testing hypotheses, making predictions, and drawing
generalizable conclusions, it plays a crucial role in fields such as psychology, sociology, economics, and
education. This approach often involves significant sample sizes, ensuring robust results(Alam, 2024).

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3.2 POPULATION
The research population, also known as the target population, refers to the entire group or set of
individuals, objects, or events that possess specific characteristics and are of interest to the researcher. It
represents the larger population from which a sample is drawn. The research population is defined based
on the research objectives and the specific parameters or attributes under investigation(Thomas, 2023).

The target group here was homeowners the house. The reason for this is there are the one going to use
this system every day for safety.

3.3 SAMPLING METHOD

Sampling in quantitative research is a critical component that involves selecting a representative subset
of individuals or cases from a larger population and often employs sampling techniques based on
probability theory. The goal of sampling is to obtain a sample that is large enough and representative of
the target population. There are five types of sampling: Random, Systematic, Convenience, Cluster, and
Stratified. For this research, convenience sampling will be used. This sampling technique ensured that
every homeowners of smart house of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the
study(Alele, 2023) .The researcher used 2 residential that include more than 10 houses each that contain
around 34 participants. The procedure for the selection of the respondents was convenient sampling. This
sampling technique ensured that every population has an equal chance of being selected for the study.
This method made it possible for the population to meet the essential criterion of randomness. This
approach helps in gathering data directly from the people affected, which is crucial for understanding
how the system performs in real-life situations.

3.4 DATA COLLECTION

Data collection methods are techniques and procedures for gathering information for research purposes.
In Quantitative data collection methods involve systematic approaches to collecting data, like numerical
data, such as surveys, polls, and statistical analysis, aimed at quantifying phenomena and trends
(California, 2024). Data were collected in two forms for this research, the secondary and primary data
collection method was used. The members selected for the sample were contacted by the researcher at
the appropriate time and questionnaires were completed. They were informed and assured of the
confidentiality of their information and all cooperated fully in providing all the details required for the
study. This ensured that the data collection only took a short time and the analysis could begin.

23
Primary data demonstrates how data was collected from targeted users of the system. The following data
collection techniques used:

Questionnaires: The researcher filled out a questionnaire designed by the researcher himself. This study
book contained standard questions that respondents had to answer to elicit information from them. The
researcher made a forms for the questionnaires and distributed to the participant. Sample questions are
provided in Appendix B. The questionnaire method was chosen for the following reasons: the questions
were easy to answer because they were short and simple; it saved time, ensured privacy and
confidentiality, and allowed respondents to give thoughtful goals through information.

The secondary data was compiled from existing sources such as books, the internet, journals, and
magazines gathered by other researchers and analyzed. This information was then compared to the
primary data to make a decision and draw conclusions about how the system would function.

3.5 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY

System Development Methodology is a framework that guides the systems development team in
achieving the requested goals of a project. It helps stakeholders make informed decisions and understand
the strengths, limitations, and applicability of the methodology. In the field of systems engineering, a
well-defined process of requirement validation is necessary to ensure compliance with certification issues
and safety considerations.

Figure 3.1: Agile Sdlc methodology Source: (Prachi, 2020)

24
3.5.1 AGILE MODEL
Agile SDLC model is a combination of iterative and incremental process models with focus on process
adaptability and customer satisfaction by rapid delivery of working software product. Agile Methods
break the product into small incremental builds. These builds are provided in iterations. Each iteration
typically lasts from about one to three weeks. Every iteration involves cross functional teams working
simultaneously on various areas like:

 Planning
 Requirements Analysis
 Design
 Coding
 Unit Testing and
 Acceptance Testing.

At the end of the iteration, a working product is displayed to the customer and important stakeholders
(Habib, Romli, & Zulkifli, 2023).

3.5.2 AGILE MODEL DESIGN

Agile model believes that every project needs to be handled differently and the existing methods need to
be tailored to best suit the project requirements. In Agile, the tasks are divided to time boxes (small time
frames) to deliver specific features for a release.

Iterative approach is taken and working software build is delivered after each iteration. Each build is
incremental in terms of features; the final build holds all the features required by the customer. (Aliim,
Supriyanti, & Siswantoro, 2023).

Here is a graphical illustration of the Agile Model

25
Figure 3.2: Agile Model Design Source: (Aliim et al., 2023)

3.5.3 DESCRIPTION OF METHODOLOGY

The sequential phases in the agile model are:

1. Requirement:

a. Define System Requirements:

 Clearly outline the functionalities required, such as fire and gas detection, GSM alerting, and door
unlocking.
 Specify the hardware and software components needed for the system.

b. Develop a Product Backlog:

 List all features and requirements in a product backlog, prioritizing based on criticality and user
needs.

2. Design:

a. System Architecture:

 Design the overall system architecture considering the integration of GSM modules, sensors, and
door control mechanisms.

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3. Development:

a. Coding:

 Implement the system functionalities based on the defined requirements and design specifications.
 Develop modules for fire and gas detection, GSM alerting, and door unlocking.

b. Integration:

 Integrate the developed modules to ensure seamless communication and interoperability.

c. Implement GSM Communication:

 Integrate GSM modules for alert notifications. Develop the logic for sending alerts to predefined
phone numbers.

4. Testing:

a. Unit Testing:

 Test each module in isolation to ensure they function as intended.

b. Integration Testing:

 Verify that all integrated modules work together without issues.

c. System Testing:

 Conduct comprehensive system tests to validate the end-to-end functionality of the GSM-based
system.

d. User Acceptance Testing (UAT):

 Involve end-users in testing to ensure the system meets their expectations and requirements.

5. Deployment:

a. Installation:

 Deploy the system components, including sensors, GSM modules, and control mechanisms.

27
b. Configuration:

 Configure the system settings, including GSM alert recipients and door access controls.

6. Review:

a. Post-Deployment Review:

 Evaluate the system's performance in a real-world environment.

 Gather feedback from users regarding the system's effectiveness and usability.

b. Continuous Improvement:

 Use the feedback to make necessary improvements and updates to enhance system functionality
and address any issues.

3.5.4 AGILE MODEL PROS AND CONS

The Agile methodology is an adaptive practice best suited for products where you know that requirements
and constraints are complex and prone to change (such as software development), and therefore require
a flexible approach.(Pradhan, 2020)

Figure 3.3: Agile Model Pros and Cons Source: (Pradhan, 2020)

28
3.5.5 AGILE MODEL ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Agile methodology offers several advantages, such as increased flexibility, improved collaboration, and
faster delivery of working software. However, it also has its drawbacks, like potential difficulty in
handling large teams and projects.

Figure 3.4: Agile Model Advantages and Disadvantages Source: (Naik, 2023)

3.6 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT

System requirements are the necessary specifications that a system or application must meet in order to
function properly. They are the minimum and/or maximum hardware and software specifications that a
system or application must meet in order to operate correctly. System requirements can be categorized
into two main types: functional requirements and non-functional requirements.

Functional requirements describe the required behavior and functions of the system. They define what
the system must do and how it must behave. The identified functional requirements are as follows:

Fire and Gas Alert

The system should detect fire and gas leaks promptly and accurately.It should send immediate alerts to
designated contacts, including emergency services if necessary.Alerts should be sent via SMS, phone
calls, and/or email to ensure timely response.
29
Smart Unlock Door

The system should enable remote unlocking of doors in case of emergency, allowing access to authorized
personnel.

Integration with Smart Home

The system should integrate seamlessly with other smart home devices, such as security cameras and
sensors, to provide comprehensive emergency response.

Non-functional requirements on the other hand, describe specific criteria that can be used to judge the
operation of a system. They define how well the system must perform and how it must behave. They are
as follows:

Reliability: The system should be highly reliable, with minimal downtime and accurate detection of
emergencies to ensure prompt response.

Security: Implement strong encryption and authentication mechanisms to secure communication

channels and prevent unauthorized access to the system.

Scalability: The system should be scalable to accommodate additional sensors or devices in the future
without significant reconfiguration.

Performance: Ensure low latency in alert generation and door unlocking processes to minimize response
time during emergencies.

Compatibility: The system should be compatible with different GSM networks and mobile devices for
seamless operation and accessibility.

Maintenance: Provide easy maintenance and troubleshooting capabilities to ensure system reliability.

System requirements are important because they provide a clear understanding of what the system must
do and how it must behave. They help to ensure that the system is designed and developed correctly, and
that it meets the needs of its users.

30
3.7 SYSTEM DESIGN
The initial phase of development is designed. There are three technical processes involved in software
design: design, making the system, implementation, and testing. These processes are necessary to create
and validate the hardware. The design processes are critical in this section because it is through these
processes that decisions are made that ultimately determine how well the hardware was implemented and
how easy it was to maintain. The only accurate way to translate system requirements into finished
hardware is through design. In development, quality is increased through design. In design, quality is
promoted in development.

3.7.1 Flowchart
A flowchart is a picture of the separate steps of a process in sequential order. It is a generic tool that can
be adapted for a wide variety of purposes, and can be used to describe various processes, such as a
manufacturing process, an administrative or service process, or a project plan(Arun, 2022). It's a
common process analysis tool and one of the seven basic quality tools. Elements that may be included in
a flowchart are a sequence of actions, materials or services entering or leaving the process (inputs and
outputs), decisions that must be made, people who become involved, time involved at each step, and/or
process measurements.

Figure 3.5: Flowchart Of Emergency of A Gsm-Based Fire and Gas with Smart Unlock Door System.
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)
31
3.7.2 Sequence Diagram
The sequence diagram shown illustrates the sequence of activities that typically occur in a GSM-based
fire and gas emergency system with a smart unlock door feature. Here’s a detailed explanation of the
flow:

Control Area to System:

 The control area can send a signal to turn the system on or off.
 The system confirms the action back to the control area.

Fire Alarm/Gas Alarm to System:

 When a fire or gas alarm is triggered, it notifies the system about the emergency.

System to Hardware:

 The system then sends a monitoring command to the hardware components.

Hardware Response:

 The hardware returns a signal back to the system indicating its status.

House Owner Notification:

 The system sends an alert via SMS or call to the house owner.

Unlock Door Process:

 The house owner receives the alert and can type the unlock code into the system.
 Upon receiving the correct unlock code, the system sends a command to the unlock door
hardware.
 The door is then opened as per the received command.

This sequence ensures that in the event of an emergency (fire or gas detection), the system promptly
notifies the relevant parties and allows for remote unlocking of the door to facilitate emergency response
or evacuation.

32
Figure 3.6: Sequence Diagram of Emergency of a Gsm-Based Fire and Gas with Smart Unlock Door
System Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

3.7.3 Activity Diagram

This activity diagram illustrates the dynamic aspects of a GSM-based fire and gas alert system with a
smart unlock door feature, which is crucial for emergency response in smart houses. The system begins
by continuously monitoring for smoke and gas presence. Upon detection of smoke or gas, it immediately
triggers an alarm and sends an SMS or call notification to the user. This dual-alert system ensures the
user is promptly informed of potential danger.

Following the initial alert, the system assesses whether there is an actual fire. If a fire is confirmed, the
system proceeds to unlock the door, facilitating a safe and quick exit for occupants. This automated
response is vital for ensuring safety in emergencies. Once the incident is managed and resolved, the
system sends another SMS to notify the user that the situation has been taken care of. This final step
provides reassurance and confirms the system's effectiveness in handling the emergency. The activity
diagram, a key behavior diagram in UML, effectively expands on the flowchart concept to depict the
sequential flow of activities, ensuring clarity in the system's operations.

33
Figure 3.7: Activity Diagram Of Emergency of A Gsm-Based Fire and Gas with Smart Unlock Door
System. Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

3.7.4 Context Flow Diagram

A context flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the flow of data between the major
operations or components of a system (Ibrahim, 2010). It gives a general picture of the system and its
relationships to external entities. This context flow diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the
GSM-based fire and gas alert system with a smart unlock door feature. At the core of the system is the
microcontroller, specifically an Arduino Uno R3, which acts as the central processing unit. Connected to
this microcontroller are two critical sensors: the Gas Sensor MQ-2 and the Flame Sensor. These sensors
continuously monitor the environment for any signs of gas leaks or fire.

Upon detection of gas or fire, the sensors send data to the Arduino microcontroller. The microcontroller
then activates the relay module, which subsequently triggers the GSM 800L module. The GSM module
is responsible for sending an alert to the user’s mobile phone, ensuring immediate notification of the
emergency situation.

Simultaneously, the microcontroller also communicates with the unlock system to ensure the doors are
unlocked, facilitating a quick and safe exit for the occupants. The data flow from the sensors to the

34
microcontroller, and then through the relay module to both the GSM module and the unlock system,
illustrates a seamless and automated emergency response mechanism.

This diagram effectively represents the overall system perspective, highlighting the interaction between
the central process (the microcontroller) and external entities (sensors, GSM module, unlock system, and
user). The arrows in the diagram denote the flow of data between these components, ensuring a clear
understanding of the system's operations and boundaries. This context flow diagram is instrumental in
visualizing the general picture of the system and its relationships with external entities, providing crucial
insights into its design and functionality.

Figure 3.8: Context Diagram Of Emergency of A Gsm-Based Fire and Gas with Smart Unlock Door
System. Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)
3.7.5 Entity Relationship (ERD) Diagram
An entity relationship diagram (ERD), also known as an entity relationship model, is a graphical
representation that depicts relationships among people, objects, places, concepts or events in an
information technology (IT) system. An ERD uses data modeling techniques that can help define business
processes and serve as the foundation for a relational database.(Hanna, 2024b)

Figure 3.9: Entity Relationship (ERD) Diagram of Emergency of a Gsm-Based Fire and Gas with Smart
Unlock Door System Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)
35
3.7.6 Use Case Diagram
A Use Case Diagram is a vital tool in system design, it provides a visual representation of how users
interact with a system. It serves as a blueprint for understanding the functional requirements of a system
from a user’s perspective, aiding in the communication between stakeholders and guiding the
development process (De Souza & Cavalcanti, 2016) .

Figure 3.10: Use Case Diagram of Emergency of a Gsm-Based Fire and Gas with Smart Unlock Door
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

3.8 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

Ethical considerations in research are a set of principles that guide your research designs and practices.
These principles include voluntary participation, informed consent, anonymity, confidentiality, potential
for harm, and results communication (Knope, 2024).

When it comes to using a GSM-based fire and gas alert system with a smart lock door in a smart house,
we need to think about keeping people safe, respecting their privacy, and using technology responsibly.
Picture a home where all the devices work together to make sure you're safe in emergencies like fires or
gas leaks. One important thing to think about is privacy. When a system can check if your home is safe

36
and even unlock doors from far away, we need to make sure it doesn't invade your privacy. Another thing
to consider is making sure everyone can use the system easily. Even though technology can make us
safer, it shouldn't make things hard for people with disabilities or who aren't great with technology. Lastly,
we should design the system to be good for the environment. That means using parts that don't waste
energy, reducing electronic waste, and thinking about how making and getting rid of the system affects
the planet.

3.9 SUMMARY

In summary we discussed our research approach for creating the smart house system. Think of it like
following a recipe when cooking you need clear steps to bring everything together. Our research design
acts as this recipe, outlining how we'll touch each aspect of the project. We opted for a quantitative
research design, who use math and stats to understand data and identify trends. We then focused on the
homeowners of the smart house, who are the main users of our safety system. We're using convenience
sampling to select participants, ensuring everyone in the smart house has an equal chance to join our
study. To gather information, we relied on the secondary data collection method, which involves using
existing sources like books and the internet. This helped us shows how our system should function
effectively. For system development, we adopted the Agile Model approach, to building small parts of
our project gradually and getting feedback from homeowners to ensure it meets their needs. Lastly, we
emphasized the importance of prioritizing safety, privacy, and environmental considerations throughout
our project, focusing on keeping people safe and respecting their privacy while being mindful of our
impact on the environment.

37
 CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT, SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION, AND TESTING

4.0 Introduction
This chapter provides a detailed account of the implementation and testing of our new system: a GSM-
based fire and gas alert system with a smart unlock door feature, specifically designed for residential real
estate. Ensuring a robust design is crucial for the successful development of this system. Here, we present
the analysis and discussion of our findings, utilizing pie charts, tables, frequencies, and percentages to
clearly illustrate the results. The presentation, analysis, and discussion are aligned with the objectives of
our study.

4.1 Data Analysis

Data analysis is the process of collecting, modeling, and analyzing data using various statistical and
logical methods and techniques. Businesses rely on analytics processes and tools to extract insights that
support strategic and operational decision-making (Calzon, 2023).

4.1.1 General information on the Respondents

In considering respondent background information, it was essential to ensure that the participants could
provide accurate and meaningful insights into the study variables. The background information collected
from the respondents was categorized into gender, age group, level of education, and the amount of time
they had spent in the residential real estate sector.

The results revealed that all respondents (100%) had received formal education. This educational
background ensured that they were well-equipped to understand, work with, and appreciate the
technology involved in the design and implementation of the emergency GSM-based fire and gas alert
system with a smart unlock door system. This high level of education among respondents contributed
significantly to the quality and reliability of the information provided for this study.

38
Table 4.1: Demographic data

Variables Indicators Frequency Percent (%)

Age 20-25 14 41.2

25-30 20 58.8

30-35 0 0

35-40 0 0

40-above 0 0

Total 34 100.0

Male 9 26.5

Gender Female 25 73.5

Prefer not to say 0 0

Total 34 100.0
Apartment 21 61.8

Single-family-home 11 32.4
In what type of residence do you
live?
Townhouse 2 5.9

Total 34 100.0

The demographic data table highlights the age, gender, and type of residence of the respondents. The
majority of respondents are aged between 25-30 years, accounting for 58.8%, followed by those aged 20-
25 years at 41.2%. No respondents fall into the older age categories of 30-35, 35-40, or 40 and above.
Gender distribution shows a higher percentage of female respondents (73.5%) compared to male
respondents (26.5%). When considering the type of residence, most respondents live in apartments
(61.8%), followed by those in single-family homes (32.4%), and a small percentage in townhouses
(5.9%).

39
Figure 4.1: Gender Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

Figure 4.2: Ages Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

In terms of awareness, almost half of the respondents (47.1%) are familiar with the concept of GSM-
based fire and gas alert systems, while a slight majority (52.9%) are not. When it comes to the installation
of these systems, opinions are split right down the middle, with exactly 50% having such systems in place
and the other 50% not having them. Regarding experience with emergencies, a smaller segment (26.5%)
has encountered fire or gas leaks, compared to the larger group (73.5%) who have not. Maintenance
habits vary significantly: a mere 6.7% check their systems monthly or quarterly, while 26.7% do so
annually. Alarmingly, 60% never perform checks. The importance of automated detection systems is
recognized by a vast majority, with 64.7% finding them extremely important, 26.5% considering them
very important, and 8.8% viewing them as moderately important.
40
Table 4.2: General Awareness

Variables Indicators Frequency Percent (%)

Are you aware of the concept of a Yes 16 47.1

GSM-based fire and gas alert system?
No 18 52.9

Total 34 100.0

Do you currently have any fire or gas Yes 17 50.0

alert systems installed in your home?
No 17 50.0

Total 34 100.0
Have you ever experienced a fire or Yes 9 26.5
gas leak emergency in your home?
No 25 73.5

Total 34 100.0

How often do you check or maintain Never 18 60

your existing fire and gas alert Annually 8 26.7
systems? Monthly 2 6.7
Quarterly 2 6.7
Total 34 100

How important is it for you to have Very important 9 26.5

an automated fire and gas detection Extremely important 22 64.7
system in your residential property?
Moderately 2 5.9
important
Not important 1 2.9
Total 34 100

41
This table assesses the general awareness and current practices regarding fire and gas alert systems among
respondents. Approximately half of the respondents (47.1%) are aware of GSM-based fire and gas alert
systems, while 52.9% are not. An equal split is observed in the installation of fire or gas alert systems in
homes, with 50% having them installed and 50% not. Notably, 73.5% of respondents have never
experienced a fire or gas leak emergency, while 26.5% have. Maintenance checks are largely neglected,
with 60% never conducting them, 26.7% doing so annually, and only 6.7% performing checks monthly
or quarterly. The importance of having an automated detection system is high, with 64.7% considering it
extremely important, 26.5% very important, and a small fraction (2.9%) finding it not important.

Figure 4.3: Are you aware of the concept of a GSM-based fire and gas alert system?
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

Here about 47.1% of respondents (16 individuals) are aware of GSM-based fire and gas alert systems,
while 52.9% (18 individuals) are not familiar with them. This indicates that just under half of the surveyed
group has some knowledge of these systems, while a slight majority does not.

Figure 4.4: Do you currently have any fire or gas alert systems installed in your home?
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

42
Here the installation of fire or gas alert systems is evenly split among respondents, with 50% (17
individuals) having these systems installed in their homes and the other 50% (17 individuals) not having
them. This shows an equal distribution of system adoption within the surveyed population.

Figure 4.5: Have you ever experienced a fire or gas leak emergency in your home?
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

When asked about their experience with fire or gas leak emergencies, 26.5% (9 individuals) have
encountered such emergencies, while 73.5% (25 individuals) have not. This suggests that most
respondents have not faced these types of emergencies.

Figure 4.6: How often do you check or maintain your existing fire and gas alert systems?

Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

43
Maintenance of fire or gas alert systems varies among respondents: 6.7% (2 individuals) check their
systems monthly, another 6.7% check them quarterly, and 26.7% (8 individuals) do so annually.
However, a significant 60% (18 individuals) never perform any maintenance checks, indicating a lack of
regular upkeep for many users.

Figure 4.7: How important is it for you to have an automated fire and gas detection system in your
residential property? Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

A majority of respondents value automated detection systems highly, with 64.7% (22 individuals) finding
them extremely important, 26.5% (9 individuals) considering them very important, and 8.8% (3
individuals) viewing them as moderately important. This underscores the perceived critical role of
automated systems in enhancing safety.

Table 4.3: Understanding GSM-Based Systems

Variables Indicators Frequency Percent (%)

Do you know what a GSM-based alert Yes 8 26.7

system is?
No 22 73.3

Total 34 100.0

Do you think a GSM-based system is Yes 27 79.4

more reliable than traditional fire and
No 7 20.6
gas alert systems? Why or why not?
Total 34 100.0
How do you think a GSM-based Both 15 44.1

44
system operates in case of an Makes automated 5 14.7
emergency? phone calls
Sends alerts via 7 20.6
SMS
Not Sure 7 20.6

Total 34 100.0

Would you prefer a system that can Yes 31 93.9

remotely notify you (via GSM/SMS) No 2 6.1
in case of an emergency? Total 34 100

What features would you expect Instant Alerts 16 47.1

from a GSM-based fire and gas alert Automatic 7 20.6
system? Emergency Calls
Remote Monitoring 7 20.6

Integration with 4 11.8

other smart home
devices
Total 34 100
In case of a fire or gas emergency, Extremely 15 44.1
how important is it for you to have Important
a smart unlock door feature that can Very important 16 47.1
automatically unlock the doors for Moderately 3 8.8
emergency responders? important
Slightly important 0 0
Not important 0 0
Total 34 100.0

45
This table explores respondents' understanding of GSM-based systems. A significant 73.3% do not know
what a GSM-based alert system is, while 26.7% do. Despite this, 79.4% believe GSM-based systems are
more reliable than traditional ones, with 20.6% disagreeing. In an emergency, 44.1% think both
automated phone calls and SMS alerts would be used, while 14.7% expect only phone calls and 20.6%
expect SMS alerts. The majority (93.9%) prefer a system that can remotely notify them, while 6.1% do
not. Features expected from such systems include instant alerts (47.1%), automatic emergency calls
(20.6%), and remote monitoring (20.6%). Regarding a smart unlock door feature, 47.1% find it very
important and 44.1% extremely important.

Figure 4.8: Do you know what a GSM-based alert system is? Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

Regarding knowledge of GSM-based alert systems, only 26.7% (8 individuals) know what these systems
are, while a larger 73.3% (22 individuals) do not. This indicates a gap in awareness and understanding of
these technologies.

Figure 4.9: Do you think a GSM-based system is more reliable than traditional fire and gas alert systems?
Why or why not? Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

46
A significant majority of respondents, 79.4% (27 individuals), believe that GSM-based systems are more
reliable compared to other systems. In contrast, 20.6% (7 individuals) do not share this belief, reflecting
a strong confidence in the reliability of GSM-based systems among most respondents.

Figure 4.10: How do you think a GSM-based system operates in case of an emergency?
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

When it comes to how these systems operate in emergencies, 44.1% (15 individuals) believe they function
through both automated calls and SMS alerts. However, 20.6% (7 individuals) are unsure, another 20.6%
think the system sends only SMS alerts, and 14.7% (5 individuals) believe it makes automated phone
calls. This shows varied understanding of the system's emergency operation.

Figure 4.11: What features would you expect from a GSM-based fire and gas alert system?
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

47
For preferred features, 47.1% (16 individuals) expect instant alerts, 20.6% (7 individuals) anticipate
automatic emergency calls, another 20.6% expect remote monitoring, and 11.8% (4 individuals) look for
integration with other smart home devices. This highlights a diverse range of preferences for system
functionalities.

Figure 4.12: Would you prefer a system that can remotely notify you (via GSM/SMS) in case of an
emergency? Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

A striking 93.9% (31 individuals) prefer a system that can notify them remotely via GSM/SMS, with
only 6.1% (2 individuals) not favoring this feature. This indicates a strong preference for remote
notification capabilities.

Figure 4.13: In case of a fire or gas emergency, how important is it for you to have a smart unlock door
feature that can automatically unlock the doors for emergency responders?
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

48
The smart unlock door feature is considered extremely important by 61.8% (21 individuals), very
important by 29.4% (10 individuals), and moderately important by 8.8% (3 individuals). This shows a
high value placed on the integration of smart door features with alert systems.

Table 4.4: Perceived Benefits and Concerns

Variables Indicators Frequency Percent (%)

What do you perceive as the primary Increased Safety 24 70.6

benefit of a GSM-based fire and gas
Quick response time 10 29.4
alert system?
Total 34 100.0

Do you have any concerns about the Yes 22 64.7

reliability of GSM-based systems
No 12 35.3
during emergencies?
Total 34 100.0
How concerned are you about false Slightly Concerned 13 38.2
alarms with GSM-based systems?
Moderately 15 44.1
Concerned
Very Concerned 3 8.8

Not Concerned 3 8.8

Total 34 100.0

What additional features would you Integration with 10 29.4

like to see in a GSM-based fire and home security
gas alert system? Case of an systems
emergency? Voice alerts 17 50
Mobile app control 7 20.6
Total 34 100

49
Respondents primarily see increased safety (70.6%) as the main benefit of GSM-based fire and gas alert
systems, followed by quick response time (29.4%). Concerns about reliability during emergencies are
significant, with 64.7% expressing concern. False alarms are a moderate worry, with 44.1% moderately
concerned, 38.2% slightly concerned, and 8.8% very concerned. Desired additional features include voice
alerts (50%), integration with home security systems (29.4%), and mobile app control (20.6%).

Figure 4.14: What do you perceive as the primary benefit of a GSM-based fire and gas alert system?
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

The primary benefit of GSM-based systems, according to 70.6% (24 individuals), is increased safety.
Quick response time is cited by 29.4% (10 individuals) as the main advantage. This reflects the emphasis
on safety as the key benefit of these systems.

Figure 4.15: Do you have any concerns about the reliability of GSM-based systems during emergencies?
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

50
Concerns about reliability are present among 64.7% (22 individuals) of respondents, while 35.3% (12
individuals) do not have such concerns. This indicates a significant level of apprehension regarding the
reliability of these systems.

Figure 4.16: How concerned are you about false alarms with GSM-based systems? Source: (Dakehoun,
2024)

Overall satisfaction with the systems varies: 9.4% (3 individuals) are very satisfied, 31.3% (10
individuals) are satisfied, 28.1% (9 individuals) are neutral, 9.4% (3 individuals) are dissatisfied, and
21.9% (7 individuals) are very dissatisfied. This reflects mixed levels of satisfaction among users.

Figure 4.17: What additional features would you like to see in a GSM-based fire and gas alert system?
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

51
Half of the respondents (50%, or 17 individuals) want voice alerts, 29.4% (10 individuals) want
integration with home security systems, and 20.6% (7 individuals) want mobile app control. This
highlights a range of desired additional features to enhance the system.

Table 4.5: User Experience and Satisfaction

Variables Indicators Frequency Percent (%)

If you have used a GSM-based alert Somewhat concerned 8 25.0

system, how would you rate your
Not concerned at all 4 12.5
overall satisfaction?
Not very concerned 3 9.4

Very concerned 7 21.9

Neutral 5 15.6

Very Satisfied 3 9.4

Satisfied 2 6.3

Total 34 100.0
Would you recommend a GSM- Very Satisfied 15 45.5
based fire and gas alert system to
Neutral 10 30.3
others?

Dissatisfied 3 9.1

Satisfied 4 12.1

Very Dissatisfied 1 3.0

Total 34 100.0

Would you be comfortable With professional 25 73.5

performing regular maintenance help
checks on the system? Yes 9 26.5

52
 Total 34 100

How important is it for the system to Very important 21 61.8

automatically unlock doors during Important 13 38.2
an emergency?
Total 34 100
How frequently should the system be Weekly 14 41.2
tested to ensure it is working Monthly 18 52.9
properly? Quarterly 14 8.8

Total 34 100.0

This table captures user satisfaction and experiences with GSM-based alert systems. Satisfaction levels
vary, with 25% somewhat concerned, 21.9% very concerned, and 9.4% each for very satisfied and
satisfied. A majority (45.5%) would recommend such systems, though 30.3% are neutral. When it comes
to maintenance, 73.5% prefer professional help, while 26.5% are comfortable doing it themselves. The
importance of automatic door unlocking in emergencies is high, with 61.8% finding it very important.
System testing should be done monthly according to 52.9%, while 41.2% suggest weekly testing.

Figure 4.18: If you have used a GSM-based alert system, how would you rate your overall satisfaction?
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

53
When it comes to recommending the system to others, 45.5% (15 individuals) would recommend it,
24.2% (8 individuals) would not, and 30.3% (10 individuals) are neutral. This indicates a moderate
willingness to recommend the system.

Figure 4.19: Would you be comfortable performing regular maintenance checks on the system?
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

A large majority of respondents, 73.5% (25 individuals), prefer professional help for performing regular
maintenance, while 26.5% (9 individuals) are comfortable doing it themselves. This suggests a preference
for professional maintenance services.

Figure 4.20: Would you recommend a GSM-based fire and gas alert system to others?
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

54
When it comes to recommending the system to others, 45.5% (15 individuals) would recommend it,
24.2% (8 individuals) would not, and 30.3% (10 individuals) are neutral. This indicates a moderate
willingness to recommend the system.

Figure 4.21: How important is it for the system to automatically unlock doors during an emergency?
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

The automatic door unlock feature is seen as very important by 61.8% (21 individuals), important by
20.6% (7 individuals), neutral by 11.8% (4 individuals), and not very important by 5.9% (2 individuals).
This highlights a significant importance placed on this feature.

Figure 4.22: How frequently should the system be tested to ensure it is working properly?
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

55
Regarding the frequency of system testing, 52.9% (18 individuals) suggest monthly testing, 41.2% (14
individuals) prefer weekly testing, and 5.9% (2 individuals) suggest quarterly testing. This shows a
preference for frequent testing to ensure system reliability.

Table 4.6: Future Improvements and Recommendations

Variables Indicators Frequency Percent (%)

How likely are you to adopt a GSM- Likely 8 25.0

based fire and gas alert system with a
Neutral 4 12.5
smart unlock door feature?
Very Likely 3 9.4

Very Unlikely 7 21.9

Total 34 100.0
How do you think smart home More intelligent 26 76.5
technology can further enhance fire alert system
and gas safety? Improved 8 23.5
integration with
other devices
Total 34 100.0
Would you be interested in a Yes 33 97.1
subscription service for regular No 1 2.9
maintenance and updates of your Total 34 100
alert system?

56
Figure 4.23: How likely are you to adopt a GSM-based fire and gas alert system with a smart unlock door
feature? Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

Future adoption of GSM-based systems with smart unlock features is likely for 25% and very likely for
9.4%, while 21.9% are very unlikely. Enhancements through smart home technology include more
intelligent alert systems (76.5%) and better integration with other devices (23.5%). Almost all
respondents (97.1%) are interested in a subscription service for maintenance and updates.

The likelihood of adopting GSM-based systems varies: 25% (8 individuals) are very likely, 21.9% (7
individuals) are very unlikely, 15.6% (5 individuals) are likely, 12.5% (4 individuals) are neutral, and
25% (8 individuals) are unlikely. This indicates mixed levels of adoption likelihood.

Figure 4.24: How likely are you to adopt a GSM-based fire and gas alert system with a smart unlock door
feature? Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

57
A majority of respondents, 64.7% (22 individuals), are willing to invest in GSM-based systems, 29.4%
(10 individuals) are neutral, and 5.9% (2 individuals) are not willing to invest. This shows a general
willingness to invest in these systems.

Figure 4.25: What improvements would you like to see in GSM-based fire and gas alert systems?
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

Desired improvements include better reliability (35.3%, or 12 individuals), more features (29.4%, or 10
individuals), easier installation (23.5%, or 8 individuals), and lower costs (11.8%, or 4 individuals). This
reflects various areas where respondents see room for improvement.

Figure 4.26: How do you think smart home technology can further enhance fire and gas safety?
Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

58
To enhance fire and gas safety, 47.1% (16 individuals) believe improved integration with other devices
is key, 35.3% (12 individuals) believe more intelligent alert systems are necessary, and 17.6% (6
individuals) want better user interfaces. This indicates a focus on integration and intelligent systems.

Figure 4.27: Would you be interested in a subscription service for regular maintenance and updates of
your alert system? Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

An overwhelming majority of respondents, 97.1% (33 individuals), are interested in a subscription

service for maintenance and updates, with only 2.9% (1 individual) not interested. This shows a strong
interest in ongoing support and updates for these systems.

4.2 Tools
4.2.1 Arduino Software
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software (IDE) - contains a text editor
for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions and a series
of menus. It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload programs and communicate with them (Nayyar,
2016).

59
Figure 4.28: Arduino Software Source: (Nayyar, 2016).

4.2.2 Arduino Uno

Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins
(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support
the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC -to-DC
adapter or battery to get started. You can tinker with your UNO without worrying too much about doing
something wrong, worst case scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and start over
again(SunRobotics, 2023).

Figure 4.29 : Arduino Uno Source: (SunRobotics, 2023)

60
4.2.3 Breadboard
A breadboard is a solder less construction base used for developing an electronic circuit and wiring for
projects with microcontroller boards like Arduino. As common as it seems, it may be daunting when first
getting started with using one(Shawn., 2022).

Figure 4.30: Breadboard Source: (Shawn., 2022)

4.2.4 Gas Sensor (MQ-2)

The MQ2 sensor is a versatile gas sensor capable of detecting a wide range of gases including alcohol,
carbon monoxide, hydrogen, isobutene, liquefied petroleum gas, methane, propane, and smoke. It is po
pular among beginners due to its low cost and easy-to-use features (Sunfounder, 2024).

Figure 4.31: Gas sensor Source: (Sunfounder, 2024).

61
4.2.5 Flame Sensor
The flame sensor module has only very few components, which include an IR photodiode, an LM393
comparator IC, and some complimentary passive components. The power LED will light up when the
module is powered and the D0 LED will turn off, when a flame is detected. The sensitivity can be adjusted
with the trimmer resistor onboard (Joda, 2024).

Figure 4.32: Flame Sensor Source: (Joda, 2024)

4.2.6 Unlock Doors

A 12V DC solenoid is an electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into linear motion. It
consists of a coil of wire that generates a magnetic field when an electric current flows through it, and a
plunger or armature that is attracted to the magnetic field. When the current is removed, a spring returns
the plunger to its original position(Fuller, 2024).

Figure 4.33: Unlock door Source: (Fuller, 2024)

62
4.2.7 Jumper Wires
Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at each end, allowing them to be used to connect
two points to each other without soldering. Jumper wires are typically used with breadboards and other
prototyping tools in order to make it easy to change a circuit as needed. Fairly simple. In fact, it doesn’t
get much more basic than jumper wires (Vuyyuru, 2021).

Figure 4.34: Jumper Wires Source: (Vuyyuru, 2021)

4.3 Requirements Specification

For the successful design and implementation of the emergency GSM-based fire and gas alert system
with a smart unlock door system in residential real estate, understanding the necessary specifications and
capabilities is crucial. These are categorized into software and hardware requirements, which are essential
for the system's proper functionality.

The complexity and scope of the system influence the depth and structure of these requirements. This
standard outlines the hardware components and software specifications needed for the system to operate
efficiently and effectively. Considering that most potential users have internet access and utilize tablets
or mobile devices, we tailored the hardware and software requirements accordingly.

By taking these user habits into account, we ensured that the proposed system would meet the needs and
expectations of its users, guaranteeing a seamless and user-friendly experience.

Table 4.3: Hardware and software requirements

SL Software Requirement These are the Hardware Requirements These are the
standard software components required standard hardware components required

01 Arduino software IDE Arduino Uno

02 Fire Sensor, Gas Sensor(MQ-2)

63
 03 GSM SIM800L V2.0 5V Wireless GSM
GPRS MODULE,12v solenoid lock

04 Relay, male to female and female to female

jumpers wires 20cm

4.3 System Implementation

This section focuses on bringing the design of the emergency GSM-based fire and gas alert system with
a smart unlock door system for residential real estate to life. Here, we provide an overview of the methods
used to turn the system design into a functional reality. The proposed system was built using Arduino
Software IDE.

4.3.1 Fire Detection

When the fire sensor detects a flame, the system springs into action automatically. The sensor
immediately triggers an alarm, emitting a loud beep to alert anyone nearby. Simultaneously, the system
sends a signal to unlock the doors, ensuring that residents can quickly and safely evacuate the premises.
In addition to these immediate safety measures, the system is designed to call the user, providing an
additional layer of notification and ensuring that the user is aware of the potential danger even if they are
not at home. This multi-faceted approach ensures comprehensive safety and swift response in the event
of a fire, combining audible alarms, automatic door unlocking, and real-time communication to protect
both property and lives.

64
Figure 4.35: Fire Detection Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

4.3.2 Gas Detection

When the MQ-2 gas sensor detects the presence of gas, the system activates automatically. The sensor
instantly triggers an alarm, emitting a loud beep to alert anyone in the vicinity to the potential danger. At
the same time, the system sends a signal to unlock the doors, allowing for quick and safe evacuation. In
addition to these immediate safety measures, the system is designed to call the user, ensuring that they
are promptly informed of the gas detection even if they are not on the premises. This comprehensive
approach integrates audible alerts, automatic door unlocking, and real-time communication, providing a
robust response to gas leaks and enhancing the safety of both the property and its occupants.

65
Figure 4.36: Gas Detection Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

Figure 4.37: Gas Detection Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

66
4.3.3 Unlock Doors
When the fire or gas sensor detects the presence of a flame or gas, the system is immediately activated to
ensure maximum safety. The sensor promptly triggers an audible alarm, emitting a loud and continuous
beep to alert everyone in the vicinity to the potential hazard. This immediate audio alert is crucial for
ensuring that all occupants are aware of the danger and can take swift action.

Simultaneously, the system sends a signal to unlock the doors automatically. This critical feature ensures
that all exit points are accessible, allowing residents to evacuate quickly and safely without encountering
any obstacles. The automatic door unlocking feature is designed to facilitate a smooth and efficient escape
route, minimizing the risk of harm during an emergency.

By combining the audible alarm with the automatic door unlocking mechanism, the system provides a
comprehensive safety response. This dual-action approach not only warns occupants of the immediate
danger but also ensures they have a clear and accessible path to safety. This robust and integrated response
system is essential for protecting both property and lives in the event of a fire or gas leak.

Figure 4.38: Unlock Door Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

67
4.4 System Testing and Evaluation
As we wrapped up the development of our GSM-based fire and gas alert system with smart unlock door
feature, we knew it was crucial to put it through its paces. We wanted to make sure it wasn't just a cool
idea on paper, but a reliable system that could potentially save lives in real-world situations. So, we rolled
up our sleeves and dove into a comprehensive testing process.

4.4.1 System Testing: The Big Picture

First up was system testing - the moment of truth where we'd see if all the pieces of our puzzle fit together
smoothly. We approached this with a "black box" mindset, meaning we focused on what the system did,
not how it did it. It was like being a regular user who doesn't care about the code running behind the
scenes, just whether the darn thing works or not.

We put the system through its paces, simulating various scenarios - from minor gas leaks to full-blown
fire emergencies. We watched eagerly as the GSM module sprang into action, firing off alerts and
notifications. It was pretty exciting to see our creation come to life, I've got to admit.

4.4.2 Usability Testing: Making Sure It's User-Friendly

Next, we roped in some volunteers to help us with usability testing. We wanted to make sure that even in
a panic situation, people could easily understand and use our system. We watched as our testers interacted
with the interface, noting any confusion or hesitation.

To our relief (and, okay, a bit of pride), most users found the system intuitive. The smart unlock door
feature, in particular, was a hit. People loved the idea that in an emergency, the system could
automatically clear the way for a quick escape or for rescuers to enter.

4.4.3 Integration Testing: Making Sure Everything Plays Nice

Then came integration testing, where we checked if all the different parts of our system were getting
along. We were particularly interested in how the fire sensors, gas detectors, GSM module, and smart
door lock worked together.

We simulated various scenarios, watching closely to see if detecting smoke would trigger not just an
alert, but also unlock the door. It was like conducting an orchestra, making sure every instrument came
in at the right time and played the right notes.

68
4.4.4 Acceptance Testing: The Final Hurdle
Finally, we moved on to acceptance testing. This was the big one - where we'd find out if our system met
all the requirements we set out at the beginning. We went through our checklist meticulously: Does it
detect fire? Check. Does it sense gas leaks? Check. Does it send out alerts via GSM? Check. Does the
smart door unlock when it should? Check.

It was a tense process, but also exciting. With each box we ticked off, we grew more confident that we'd
created something that could make a real difference in people's lives.

As we concluded our testing phase, we felt a mix of relief and excitement. Sure, there were a few minor
hiccups along the way - a sensor that needed recalibrating, an alert message that needed rewording - but
overall, our GSM-based fire and gas alert system with smart unlock door feature passed with flying
colors.

69
 CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSION, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND CONCLUSION

5.0 Introduction
In this chapter, the researcher presents the conclusions and recommendations derived from the firsthand
information collected from the residential real estate case study. The study aimed to design and implement
an emergency GSM-based fire and gas alert system with a smart unlock door feature. By analyzing the
collected data and comparing it with previous studies on similar systems, the researcher evaluates how
the study objectives were achieved.

5.1 Discussion
This research section provides a high-level overview of how the project objectives were achieved, lessons
learned, recommendations and conclusions, and additional research areas that need to be undertaken. The
system is designed to do much more than the old system, ensuring the security, confidentiality, integrity,
and availability of information. System users must have a thorough understanding of how the system
works. The new system aims to overcome the shortcomings associated with the previous system and
increase the overall safety and convenience of residential real estate properties.

5.2 Conclusion

Working on this fascinating and challenging project has been a true pleasure for the researcher. This
project was beneficial to the researcher as it provided hands-on experience in designing and implementing
a practical application for real-world use. Many lessons were learned throughout the process, including
the importance of system integration, sensor calibration, and ensuring reliable communication between
components.

The main development goal of this project was to create a GSM-based fire and gas alert system with a
smart unlock door feature for residential real estate. The system is designed to detect fire and gas leaks,
immediately alert the residents via GSM, and automatically unlock doors to facilitate quick evacuation.

Through this project, the researcher gained a comprehensive understanding of embedded systems,
wireless communication, and emergency response automation. The implementation involved integrating
various sensors, programming microcontrollers, and ensuring seamless communication with GSM

70
modules. The researcher also learned about power management to ensure the system remains functional
during power outages.

The successful implementation of this project means that residents in the case study area can now benefit
from an enhanced safety system that not only detects hazards but also aids in a swift and safe evacuation.
This practical experience has been invaluable, providing the researcher with skills and knowledge that
will be useful in future projects.

5.3 Recommendation
The researcher suggests several key recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the GSM-based
fire and gas alert system with a smart unlock door feature for residential real estate:

1. Regular System Maintenance: It is recommended that the GSM-based fire and gas detection system
with smart unlock door functionality should undergo regular maintenance and updates. This could be
done on a quarterly or bi-annual basis to ensure that the system is functioning effectively and efficiently.

2. User Training: Proper training should be provided to the residents and any designated personnel
responsible for operating and monitoring the system. This ensured that they are familiar with the system's
features, operation, and troubleshooting procedures.

3. Backup and Recovery: A robust backup and recovery plan should be implemented to safeguard the
system's data and configurations. Regular backups should be performed, and recovery procedures should
be tested periodically to ensure the system's resilience in case of any unforeseen events or failures.

4. Integration with Smart Home Systems: As smart home technologies continue to evolve, it is
recommended to explore the integration of the fire and gas detection system with other smart home
systems. This could enhance the overall safety and convenience for residents, enabling seamless
communication and coordination between various home automation systems.

5. Continuous Improvement: Feedback from residents and stakeholders should be collected regularly
to identify areas for improvement. This feedback can be used to enhance the system's functionality, user
experience, and overall effectiveness in addressing the safety needs of residential real estate properties.

71
6. Compliance with Regulations: It is crucial to ensure that the system adheres to all relevant local and
national regulations, building codes, and safety standards. Regular compliance audits and updates should
be conducted to maintain the system's legal and regulatory compliance.

7. Community Awareness: Conducting community awareness programs and workshops can help
educate residents about the importance of fire and gas safety, as well as the proper use and maintenance
of the installed system. This can promote a culture of safety and preparedness within the residential
community.

5.4 Area of Future Research

Not a single project is ever considered complete forever. Because our needs are constantly evolving and
our minds are always thinking of something new, the desire for innovation and improvement is ongoing.
This applies to the design and implementation of an emergency GSM-based fire and gas alert system
with a smart unlock door feature for residential real estate.

This project addresses critical safety needs in residential areas by integrating modern technology to
enhance security and emergency response. However, the pursuit of excellence and the dynamic nature of
technological advancements mean there is always room for improvement and expansion. For instance:

Additional Features: Future enhancements could include integrating a chat app within the system. This
would allow residents and emergency services to communicate instantly during an emergency, improving
response times and coordination.

Mobile Application: Developing a mobile application would provide residents with the ability to monitor
and control their system remotely. They could book maintenance appointments, receive real-time alerts,
and access other important information from anywhere, at any time.

These suggestions highlight the genuine effort put into this project. The current system meets most of the
requirements satisfactorily, ensuring the safety and security of residents. Yet, the continuous drive for
improvement ensures that the system remains relevant and effective in addressing emerging needs and
challenges.

72
5.5 Limitation of Study

The Project Faced the Following Limitations:

 Cost Constraints: It's common to encounter various costs during research and implementation
phases. These costs can include equipment, software, labor, and testing expenses. To address this,
careful budgeting and prioritization of expenses are essential. You might explore options like
using open-source software or negotiating bulk discounts with suppliers to reduce costs without
compromising quality.

 Integration and Compatibility: Ensuring that the GSM-based system integrates seamlessly with
existing infrastructure in residential real estate is crucial. This involves compatibility testing,
software updates, and possibly customization to meet specific needs. Collaborating with
experienced technicians and conducting thorough testing can help address integration challenges
effectively.
 User Training and Support: Implementing a new system often requires training for users and
ongoing support to address any issues or questions that arise. Creating user-friendly manuals,
providing hands-on training sessions, and establishing a dedicated support channel can enhance
user adoption and satisfaction.

73
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 APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: PROJECT TOOLS

TOOLS TO USE
1 Arduino Uno
2 Fire Sensor, Gas Sensor(MQ-2)
3 GSM SIM800L V2.0 5V Wireless GSM GPRS MODULE,12v solenoid lock
4 Relay, male to female and female to female jumpers wires 20cm

APPENDIX B: QUESTIONNAIRE
EMERGENCY OF A GSM-BASED FIRE AND GAS WITH SMART UNLOCK DOOR SYSTEM.
Preamble
Dear respondent,

I am a student pursuing a bachelor's degree in Information Technology at Bluecrest University College.

I am conducting a research study on the "Design and Implementation of an Emergency GSM-Based Fire
and Gas Alert System with Smart Unlock Door Feature" as part of the requirements for completing my
degree. You have been selected to participate in this study by answering the following questions. Your
participation is highly valued, and I kindly request your assistance in completing this questionnaire.
Please be assured that your responses kept strictly confidential and used solely for research purposes.
Yours faithfully,
SECTION A
RESPONDENTS BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Please help me categorize your answer by providing the following information about yourself and
checking the appropriate box next to each question. No specific answer is sought since there is no
right or wrong answer.

1. Gender: Male [ ], Female [ ]

2. Age Group: Less than 25 years [ ], 25-30 years [ ], 35-40 years [ ], 40 + years [ ]

3. In what type of residence do you live? : Apartment [ ], Single-family home [ ], Townhouse [ ]

77
SECTION B
USER PERCEPTION OF THE OF EMERGENCY OF A GSM-BASED FIRE AND GAS WITH
SMART UNLOCK DOORS SYSTEM

Table 1: General Awareness

Question Response
Question
Number Type

1 Are you aware of the concept of a GSM-based fire and gas alert system? Yes/No

Do you currently have any fire or gas alert systems installed in your
2 Yes/No
home?

3 Have you ever experienced a fire or gas leak emergency in your home? Yes/No

How often do you check or maintain your existing fire and gas alert Multiple
4
systems? Choice

- Monthly
- Quarterly
- Annually
- Never

How important is it for you to have an automated fire and gas detection Multiple
5
system in your residential property? Choice

- Extremely important
- Very important
- Moderately important

- Slightly important
- Not important

78
Table 2: Understanding GSM-Based Systems

Question
Question Response Type
Number
1 Do you know what a GSM-based alert system is? Yes/No

Do you think a GSM-based system is more reliable than Yes/No (Please

2
traditional fire and gas alert systems? Why or why not? specify reasons)

How do you think a GSM-based system operates in case of an

3 Multiple Choice
emergency?

- Sends alerts via SMS

- Makes automated phone calls
- Both
- Not sure

What features would you expect from a GSM-based fire and gas
4 Multiple Choice
alert system?

- Instant alerts
- Remote monitoring
- Automatic emergency calls
- Integration with other smart home devices
- Other (please specify)
Short Answer

Would you prefer a system that can remotely notify you (via
5 Yes/No
GSM/SMS) in case of an emergency?

In case of a fire or gas emergency, how important is it for you to

6 have a smart unlock door feature that can automatically unlock Multiple Choice
the doors for emergency responders?

- Extremely important

79
Question
Question Response Type
Number

- Very important
- Moderately important
- Slightly important
- Not important

Table 3: Perceived Benefits and Concerns

Question Response
Question
Number Type
What do you perceive as the primary benefit of a GSM-based fire Multiple
1
and gas alert system? Choice

- Quick response time

- Remote monitoring
- Increased safety
Do you have any concerns about the reliability of GSM-based
2 Yes/No
systems during emergencies?
How concerned are you about false alarms with GSM-based Multiple
3
systems? Choice
- Very concerned
- Moderately concerned
- Slightly concerned
- Not concerned
What additional features would you like to see in a GSM-based Multiple
4
fire and gas alert system? Choice
- Voice alerts
- Integration with home security systems
- Mobile app control
- Other (please specify)
Short Answer

80
Table 4: User Experience and Satisfaction

Question Response
Question
Number Type
If you have used a GSM-based alert system, how would you rate Multiple
1
your overall satisfaction? Choice
- Very satisfied
- Satisfied
- Neutral
- Dissatisfied
- Very Dissatisfied
Would you recommend a GSM-based fire and gas alert system to
2 Yes/No
others?
Would you be comfortable performing regular maintenance Multiple
3
checks on the system? Choice
- Yes
- No
- With professional help
How important is it for the system to automatically unlock doors Multiple
4
during an emergency? Choice
- Very important
- Important
- Neutral
- Not very important
- Not important
How frequently should the system be tested to ensure it is Multiple
5
working properly? Choice
- Weekly
- Monthly
- Quarterly

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Table 5: Future Improvements and Recommendations

Question Response
Question
Number Type
How likely are you to adopt a GSM-based fire and gas alert system Multiple
1
with a smart unlock door feature? Choice
- Very Likely
- Likely
- Neutral
- Unlikely
- Very Unlikely
Would you be willing to invest in a GSM-based fire and gas detection
Multiple
2 system with a smart unlock door feature for your residential
Choice
property?
- Yes
- No
- Neutral
- Maybe, depending on the cost
What improvements would you like to see in GSM-based fire and gas Multiple
3
alert systems? Choice
- Better reliability
- More features
- Easier installation
- Lower cost
How do you think smart home technology can further enhance fire Multiple
4
and gas safety? Choice
- Improved integration with other devices
- More intelligent alert systems
- Better user interfaces
Would you be interested in a subscription service for regular
5 Yes/No
maintenance and updates of your alert system?

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Table 6: Additional Comments

Question Response
Question
Number Type
Do you have any additional comments or suggestions regarding the
1 design and implementation of emergency alert systems in residential Paragraph
real estate?
If you have any additional comments or suggestions regarding the
2 Paragraph
proposed system, please provide them below.

Figure 5.0: My work Source: (Dakehoun, 2024)

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